engine MERCEDES-BENZ G-CLASS 2020 Owner's Guide

#
Afterno mor eth an five seconds, take your
lef tfo ot quickl yof fth ebr ak e, but keep the
acc elerat orpedal depresse d.
The vehicle pullsaway atmax imum acceler a‐
tio n. #
Swit chon ESP ®
once theaccelera tionproce‐
dur eis com plete.
Endin gop tim ized acceler ation #
Remo veyour foot from theacceler ator pedal. #
React ivat eth eES P®
.
% Afteryo upull away wit hop tim ized accelera‐
tio n,com ponentsof thedr ivet ra in can
becom eve ry hot,whic hmeans that opti‐
miz edacc eleration values maybe reac hed
ag ain onlyafte ra fe w min utes. No
teson driving &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent dueto
object sin thedr iver's foot we ll
Obj ectsin thedr iver's foot we llma yim pede
pedal trav el or bloc kadepr essed pedal. This
jeopar dizestheoper ating androad
saf etyof theve hicle. #
Stow allobj ect sin theve hicle secur ely
so that they canno tget intoth edr iver's
fo ot we ll. #
Alw aysins tallth efloor mats securely
and asprescr ibed inorder toensur e
th at ther eis alw ayssuf ficie ntroom for
th epedals. #
Donotuse loose floor mats anddonot
place floor mats ontopof one another. &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent dueto
uns uitable foot we ar
Oper ationof thepedals maybe restrict ed
du eto uns uitable foot we arsuc has:
R Shoes withplat form soles
R Shoes withhigh heels
R Slipper s #
When driving alwayswe arsuit able
shoe sin order tobe able tooper ateth e
pedals safely. &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent whenswi tch‐
ing offth eignition whendriving
If yo uswit choffth eignition whiledriving,
saf etyfun ction sar ere strict ed orno long er
av ailable. Thismayaf fect thepo we rst eer ing
sy stem and thebr ak efo rc eboos ting,fo r
ex am ple.
Yo uwill then need touse consider ablymor e
fo rc eto steer and brak e. #
Donotswitc hof fth eignition whiledriv‐
ing. &
DANG ER Risk deathcause dby exhaus t
ga ses
Combus tionengines emitpoisonous exhaus t
ga ses suchas carbon monoxide.Inhaling
th ese exhaus tga ses ishazar dous tohealt h
and leads topoisonin g. #
Neverlea vetheengine or,if pr esent ,
th eauxiliar yheating running inan
encl osedspa cewithout sufficie ntventi‐
la tio n. 13
4
Driving and parking

&
WARNIN GRisk ofskid ding and ofan
acci dent dueto shif ting down onslipper y
ro ad sur faces
If yo ushif tdo wn onslipp eryro ad sur faces to
inc rease theengine braking effect, thedr ive
wheels maylose traction . #
Donotshif tdo wn onslipper yro ad sur‐
fa ces toinc rease theengine braking
ef fect. &
DANG ER Risk offata linj urydue topoi‐
sonous exhaus tga ses
If th eta ilpipe isbloc kedor suf ficie ntventil a‐
tio nis no tpo ssi ble, po isonou sex haus tga ses
suc has carbon monoxidemayent ertheve hi‐
cle. This isthecase when theve hicle
becomes stuc kin snow ,fo rex am ple. #
Keep theta ilpipe andthear ea around
th eve hicle free from snowwhen the
engine orthest atio naryheat erareru n‐
ning . #
Ope nawi ndo won theside oftheve hi‐
cle facing away from thewind toensur e
an adeq uatesupply offresh air. &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent andinjury
due tobeing under theinf luence ofalco‐
hol and drugs while driving
Dr iving when under theinf luence ofalcohol
and/or drugs isan extreme lydang erous
combin ation.Even small quant ities ofalco hol
or drugs mayaf fect your reflexe s,per cep tion
and judgment.
The probabi lityofaser ious oreven fata lacc i‐
dent greatl yinc reases ifyo udr ive when
und ertheinf luence ofalcohol ordrugs. #
Donotdr ink alcohol ortake drugs while
dr iving, anddonotallo wan yone to
dr ive who hasbeen drink ing alcohol or
ta king drug s. &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent dueto the
br ak esy stem overheating
If yo ulea veyour foot on thebr ak epedal
when driving, thebr ak esy stem mayov er‐
heat.
This increases thebr aking distance and the
br ak esy stem mayeve nfa il. #
Neveruse thebr ak epedal asafo ot re st. #
Donotde press thebr ak epedal andthe
acc elerat orpedal atthesame time
while driving. *
NO
TEWearing out thebr ak elinings by
continu ously dep ressing thebr ak epedal #
Donotdepr essthebr ak epedal contin‐
uousl ywhils tdr iving. #
Touse thebr aking effect of theengine,
shif tto alowe rge ar ingood time. Dr
ivin gand parking13
5

*
NO
TEDama getothedr ivet ra in and
engin ewhen pulling away #
Donotwa rm uptheengine whilethe
ve hicle isstatio nary.Pull away immed i‐
at ely. #
Avoid high engine speeds anddriving at
full thro ttle untilth eengine hasreac hed
its operatin gte mp eratur e. *
NO
TEDama getothecat alytic converter
due tonon-co mbusted fuel The
engine isno tru nning smoothly and is
misf iring.
Non-c ombus tedfuel mayge tint oth ecat a‐
lyt iccon verter . #
Onlydepr esstheaccelera torpeda l
slig htly. #
Have thecause rectif ied imme diat ely at
a qu alif ied spec ialistwo rkshop. Limit
edbraking effect on salt-tr eatedro ads:
R Due tosalt build-up onthebr ak ediscs and
br ak epads, thebr aking distance canincrease
consi derably orresult inbraking onlyonone
side
R Maint ainamuc hgr eat ersaf edis tance tothe
ve hicle infront
To preve ntsaltbu ild-u p:
R Brak eocca siona llywh ile pa ying attenti onto
th etra ffic con dition s
R Carefull ydepr essthebr ak epedal attheend
of thejour neyand when star tin gth ene xt
jour ney No
teson off-r oad driving &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent ifyo udo not
ke ep toline offallon inclines
If yo udr ive at an ang leor tur non anincline,
th eve hicle could slipside ways,tip and roll‐
ove r. #
Alw aysdr ive on inclines intheline of
fa ll(s traight upordown) and donot
tur n. &
WARNIN GRisk offire due toflammab le
mat erials onhotpar tsof theex haus t
sy stem
Flammable material suc has lea ves, grass or
twigs mayignit eif th ey come intocont act
wi th hotpar tsof theex haus tsy stem. #
When driving onunpavedro ads oroff-
ro ad, regular lych eckth eve hicle under‐
side. #
Remo vetrap pe dplants orother flam‐
mable material. #
Ifth er eis damag e,con sult aqu alif ied
spec ialistwo rkshop immediat ely. When
driving off-r oad, substances such assan d,
mud andwateror wa termix edwithoil ma yget
int oth ebr ak es. This maylead toare duction in
br aking effect or tot albrak efa ilur eas are sult of
incr eased wear.The brakin gch aract eristic swill
va ry dependin gon themat erial that has entered 13
6
Driving and parking

th
esy stem. Clean thebr ak es afte rdr iving off-
ro ad. Ifyo uth en notice reduced braking effect
or hea rscr aping nois es,have thebr ak esy stem
ch eckedat aqu alif ied spec ialistwo rkshop.
Ad jus tyo ur drivin gst yle to thech ang edbrakin g
ch aract eristic s.
* NO
TEDama gecau sed bydriving over
obs tacle s The
vehicle canbedamag edby:
R Driving up on high cur bsorunpa ved
ro ads.
R Quic klydr ivin gove robs tacles suc has
curbs ,speed bumpsorpotholes.
R Hea vyobject shittin gth eunderbody or
ch assis components. #
Donotdr ive ove robs tacle sth at coul d
damag eth eve hicle. #
Chec kth eve hicle regular lyfordama ge
dur ing off-r oad driving. #
Adjus tth eve hicle speed tosuit the
ro ad sur face condi tions. #
Ifth er eis damag e,con sult aqu alif ied
spec ialistwo rkshop immediat ely. +
ENVIR
ONMENT ALNOTEEnvironme ntal
da ma gedue tonon-ob servance ofpro‐
hi bi tio nsigns En
vironme ntal protect ion has prior ity.Tr eat
natur ewit hre spect. #
Besureto obser veprohibition signs. Chec
klistbef oredr iving off-r oad
Chec kth efo llo wing pointsbef oredr ivin gof f-
ro ad:
R Fuelleve l
R Engi neoille ve l:fill th eengine oilup tothe
maximu mleve lto ensur efull gradeability
(/ page35 4).
R Tire -cha ngeto ol kit and spar ewheel
R Tire sand wheels Of
f-road driving
Re ad this sect ionbeforedr ivin gyo ur vehicle off-
ro ad. Pract ice bydriving overmor ege ntle off-
ro ad terrain firs t.
R Observeth eno teson thecr oss-c ountr yABS
(/ page16 6).
R Beforedr iving off-r oad ,shif tth etransf er
case totheLOW RANGEoff-r oa dge ar
(/ page14 9).
R Eng ageth edif fere ntia llo ck sif necessar y
(/ page15 1).
In LO WRAN GEoff-r oad gear or wit hth edif fer‐
ential lockseng aged, theve hicle switchestoG-
mode (/page14 3).
In LOW RANGEoff-r oa dge ar,yo ucan shiftfr om
005B to005E and from 005Cto005E without havin gto
depr essthebr ak epedal. Thiscanhelp you, for
ex am ple, when rock ing your vehicle outofaru t
("r oc kin gfree").
R Alw ayske ep theengine running andingear
when drivin gon downh illgradien tsand
slope s.Obse rveth eno teson driving in
mount ainous terrain. Dr
ivin gand parking 13
7

R
Donotdr ive on unkno wnterrain that isno t
easil yvisi ble and stay on mar kedro utes.
R Alw ayske ep thedoor sand windo wsclos ed
whi letheve hicle isin mo tion.
R Deactiv ateAc tiveDis tance AssistDIS TRONI C
and cruise contr ol.
R Adaptyo ur drivin gst yle to thete rrain.
R Donotuse theHOLD function onsteep
do wnhill oruphill gradients withslipper yor
loose surfaces.
Dr ivi ng on sand
Whe ndr ivi ng on sand ,al so obs erve thefo llo wing
ins truct ions :
R Shif tto alowe rge ar.
R Drive qu ickl yto ove rcome thero lling resis t‐
ance, other wise theve hicle maydig itself in.
R Drive in thetra cksof other vehicles ifpossi‐
ble. Makesur eth at thefo llo wing prereq ui‐
sit es areme t:
- The tireru ts areno tto odeep
- The sand isfirm enough
- The ground clearance issuf ficie nt R
Lowe rth etir epr essur ein all four wheel s.
Con traryto theinf ormation onthetir epr es‐
sur eplat e(fuel filler flap), youcan lowe rth e
tir epr es su re to120kP a(1 .2 bar/1 7.4 psi ).
Mer cedes- AMG vehicl es:obse rveth eno tesin
th eSupplement .Ot her wise, youma yfa ilto rec‐
ogni zedangers.
% Once youstop driving onsand, immediat ely
incr ease thetir epr essur eag ain.
Yo ucan find informa tionon tirepr ess urefo r
th eve hicle's fact or y-ins talled tires on the
fo llo wing labels:
R Tire and Loadi ngInfo rm atio nplacar don
th eB‑pillar ofyour vehicle (/page39 1).
R Tire pressur eta ble ontheinside ofthe
fuel filler flap (/ page38 7).
Fo rding
Also obser vethefo llo wing informatio nwhen
fo rd ing:
R Drive at no mor eth an 6mp h(1 0 km/h) .
R Obse rveth emaximum permissible ford ing
dep th(/ pag e42 4). R
Beforefo rd ing, shiftth etra nsf ercase tothe
LO WRAN GEoff-r oad gear (/ page14 9).
R Swi tchof fau tomatic climatecontr ol
(/ page 126).
R Ensur eth at abo wwav edoes notfo rm asyou
dr ive.
R Donotst op inthewa terand donotswi tch
of fth eengine. Ensur eth eEC Ostar t/ stop
funct ionisswitc hedoff(/ page14 0).
Dr ivi ng inmount ainousterrain
Also observeth efo llo wing informatio nwhen
dr ivin gin moun tainous terrain:
R Obse rveth eva lues oftheappr oach/depar‐
tur eang leand ofthemaximum gradient
(/ page42 4).
R Engage thedif fere ntia llo ck sif necessar y
(/ page15 1).
R Avoid high engine speeds.
R Use thebr aking powe rof theengine when
dr iving downhill.
R Shif tto alowe rge ar on uphill gradien tsand
on long,steep downhill gradients. 13
8
Driving and parking

Chec
klistaf te rdr ivin gof f-r oad
Dr iving off-r oa dplace sgr ea terdema ndsonyour
ve hicle than drivin gon norm alroads. Chec kth e
ent ire ve hicle fordama geand fore ign bodies
eve rytim eaf te rdr iving off-r oad .Fo reign bodies
in thewheels ordrivet ra in can lead toimbalan‐
ces and ther efor evibr ations.
R Shif tth etra nsf ercase totheon- road posi‐
tio nHIGH RANGE.
R Diseng ageth edif fere ntia llo ck s.
R Appl yth ebr ak es todryth em afte rfo rd ing.
R Chec kth at theser vice brak eis wo rking nor‐
mall yaf te ra long downhil lst re tch.
R Clea nth efo llo wing compone ntseve rytim e
af te rdr iving off-r oad :
- License platenum ber
- Hea dlamps andtaillam ps
- Tire s, wheels andwheel arch es
- Und erbody
R Afterdr iving thro ugh sand,mud, wateror
gr av el, have thefo llo wing compone nts
ch eckedand cleaned: -
Brak ediscs andbrak epads
- Tire sand wheels
- Axle joints
- Radiat or
- Alternat or
- Belt drive ECO
star t/s topfunc tion Ope
ratio nof the ECOstar t/s topfunc tion
Mer cedes -AMG vehicl es:obse rveth eno tesin
th eSupplement .Ot her wise, youma yfa ilto rec‐
ogni zedangers.
The engineisswi tched offau tomatical lyin the
fo llo wing situat ionsifall vehicle conditions for
an aut omat iceng inestop areme t:
R Youbr ak eth eve hicle toast ands tillin trans‐
miss ionposit ion005Bor005C.
If yo uswit chon theHOLD function intra nsmis‐
sion position 005Bor005C, theengine willautomati‐
cally stop inthefo llo wing situat ions:
R Youstop behind ave hicle that ispullin g
aw ay. R
Youstop atast op sign when ther eis no vehi‐
cle infront ofyou.
R Youtur nth esteer ing wheel hardat alow
speed.
% Intra nsmiss ionposition 005E,theengine is
no tswitc hedoffaut omatic allyevenwh en
th eHOLD function isswitc hedon.
The engine isrestar tedaut omatic allyif:
R Youre lease thebr ak epedal intra nsmiss ion
position 005Bwhen theHOLD function isno t
activ e.
R Youen gage trans missi on positio n005B or005E.
R Youdepr esstheacceler ator pedal.
R Anautomatic enginestar tis nec essar y.
ECO star t/ stop funct ionsymbols inthemulti‐
func tion displa y:
R The 00D6 symbol (green) appear swhen the
ve hicle isat ast ands till:th eengine was
switc hedoffby theEC Ostar t/ stop funct ion.
R The 00D5 symbol (yello w)appear swhen the
ve hicle isat ast ands till:no tall vehicle condi‐
tions foran engine stop have been met. Dr
iving andparking13
9

R
Neit herthe00D6 nor00D5 symbol appears
when theve hicle isat ast ands till:an intelli‐
ge nt stop inhibit orwa sde tected, e.g. ast op
sign.
% If,inspit eof an intellig entstop inhibit or,th e
engine shouldbeswitc hedoffby theEC O
st ar t/ stop funct ion,youha ve thefo llo wing
op tion s:
R Swit chon theHOLD function intransmis‐
sion position 005Bor005C.
R Youen gage trans missi on positio n005D.
If th eengine wasswitc hedoffby theEC Ostar t/
st op funct ionand youlea vetheve hicle, awa rn‐
ing tone sou nds and theengine isno tre star ted.
The Vehicle ReadytoDriv eSwitc hthe Ignit ion
Off Befor eEx iting displa ymessag ealso appear s
in themultifunc tiondispla y.Ifyo udo notswit ch
of fth eignition ,th eignition isaut omaticall y
switc hedoffaf te rth re eminut es. Deactiv
atingoractiv ating theECO star t/
st op fun ction #
Press butt on1.
A displa yappear sin theins trument cluster
when switching theEC Ostar t/ stop funct ion
of f/on .
% Acont inuous displayappear sin theins tru‐
ment clusterwhi letheEC Ostar t/ stop func‐
tion isdeactiv ated. ECO
displa yfunction The
ECOdispla ysummar izesyour drivin gch ar‐
act eristic sfrom thest ar tof thejour neyto its
com pletion andassis tsyouin achie vingth e
mos teconomical driving style.
Yo ucan influen ceconsum ption ifyo u:
R Drive wit hpar ticular care
R Drive th eve hicle indrive pr ogr am ;.
R Obser vethege arshif tre comme ndations The
inner segment lights upgreen and theout er
segment fills up:
R 1 moderat eacc eler ation 14
0
Driving and parking

#
Press DYNA MIC SELE CTswitc h1 forw ards
or bac kwards.
The selec teddr ive pr ogr am appear sin the
multifu nctiondisplay in theins trument clus‐
te rand inthemultimedia system displa y.
Selec tingtheDeser tdr ive pr og ram
% The availabilit yof thefo llo wing function is
coun try- dependen t. #
Chang eto drive pr og ram E(Ec o). #
Press and hold DYNA MIC SELE CTswitc h1
bac kwards forapp rox. thre esecon ds.
A visual andacous ticmessag eis emitt ed. #
Conf irm theselect ionwithth elef tto uc hpad
but tonon thesteer ing wheel.
The Desert DriveProgram Act.ES PUnavaila-
ble See Operator 'sManual messageappear s
in theins trument cluster.The ESP®
and ABS
wa rning lam pslight up.
% Obser vetheno teson theDeser tES P®
.
% Avisual andacous ticmessag eis emitt ed
ag ain when thedr iver's door isopened while
th eengine isrunning todraw attent ion to re
strict ed road suit abilit yin cas eof ach ang e
of driver s. #
Press DYNA MIC SELE CTswitc h1 forw ards
to deactiv ateth eDeser tdr ive pr og ram.
% The drive pr ogr am C(Co mfort)isau tomati‐
cally activeaf te rst ar tin gth eve hicle. Conf
iguringdrive pr og ram I Mu
ltimed iasystem:
4 Vehicle 5
e DYNA MICSELECT
5 Individual #
Select theindividual setting. Switc
hingtheoper ation feedba ckfordr ive
pr og ram on/o ff Multimedia
system:
4 Vehicle 5
e DYNA MICSELECT #
Switc hNotif ication forUser on0073 oroff0053.
When this func tion isact ive, acor responding
messag eis sho wninthemedia displaywhen
a dr ive pr og ram issele cted withth e
DY NA MIC SELE CTswitc h. Displa
yingvehicl edata Mul
timedi asy stem:
4 Vehicle 5
e DYNA MICSELECT #
Select Vehicle Data.
The follo wing informatio nis displa yed:
R Com pass
R Wheel angle
R Incline
R Gradient
R Altitude
R LOW RANGE(/ page 149)
R Loc king (/page15 0) Dis
playin gen gine data Mu
ltimed iasystem:
4 Vehicle 5
e DYNA MICSELECT #
Select Engine Data.
% The values forengine outputand engine tor‐
qu ema yde viat efrom thenomin alvalues. 14
2
Driving and parking

It
ems that can influen cethis are, forex am‐
ple:
R Sea leve l
R Fuelgrade
R Outside temp eratur e G-Mod
e
G-Mod eis an additional drive pr og ram forof f-
ro ad jour ne ys and isno tsuit able foruse onfirm
ro ad sur faces. G-Mo deisau tomatical lyact iva‐
te d, ifone ofthefo llo wing condition sis me t:
R Youshif tth etra nsf ercase totheLOW
RAN GEoff-r oa dge ar (/ page14 9).
R Youen gage atleas ton edif fere ntia llo ck
( / pag e15 1).
Th eG indic ator app earsin theins trument clus‐
te r.
G-M ode isaut omat icallydeac tivated again, ifth e
fo llo wing condition sar eme t:
R Youshif tth etransf ercase totheon- road
posit ionHIGH RANGE. R
Youdisen gage alldiffere ntia llo ck s.
No tall driving anddriving safetysy stems are
av ailable inG-Mod eunde rcer tain cir cums tan‐
ces. Observe thesy stem limits ofthetransf er
case (/page14 9) and thedif fere ntia llo ck s
( / pag e15 0).
It is no tpo ssi ble to chang eth edr ive pr og ram
wit hth eDY NA MIC SELE CTswitc hin G-Mode.
The DYNA MIC SELE CTswitc honl ywo rksag ain
when G-Mode hasbeen deactiv ated. Au
tomatic trans mis sion DI
REC TSE LECT leve r Fu
nction oftheDIRECT SELECT leve r &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent dueto inc or‐
re ct gearshif ting
If th eengine speedishigher than theidle
speed andyouen gage thetra nsmiss ionposi‐
tion 005Bor005E, theve hicle mayacceler ate
shar ply. #
Ifyo uen gage thetransmission position
005B or005E alwaysdepr essthebr ak e
pedal firm lyand donotacc eler ateat
th esame time. &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent andinjury
due tochildr enleftunat tende din the
ve hicle
If ch ildr enarelef tunat tende din theve hicle,
th ey cou ld:
R Ope ndoo rs,th er eb yendang ering other
per sons orroad user s.
R Getout and bestru ck byoncom ingtraf‐
fi c.
R Ope rate vehicle equipment andbecome
tr apped, forex am ple.
In addit ion,th ech ildr encould alsosetth e
ve hicle inmo tion, forex am ple by:
R Releasing thepar king brak e.
R Changing thetra nsmiss ionposition .
R Startin gth eve hicle. Dr
iving andparking 14
3

#
Dep ress thebr ak epedal andengageneutral
005C. #
Release thebr ak epedal. #
Switc hth eignition off.
The NPermanen tlyAct ive Risk ofRolling Away
messag eappear sin theins trument cluster.
% Ifyo uth en exitth eve hicle leaving the
Smar tKey intheve hicle, theaut omatic trans‐
mission remains inneutr al005C.
Eng aging parkpositio nP #
Obser vetheno teson par king theve hicle
(/ page15 5). #
Dep ress thebr ak epedal untiltheve hicle is
st atio nary. #
When theve hicle isstatio nary,press butt on
005D.
Pa rk position isonl yeng aged when the
tr ans missi on positio ndisp lay 005D issho wnin
th emultifunc tiondispla y.Ifno transmissi on
positio ndispl ay005D appear s,sec ureth eve hi‐
cle topreve ntitfrom rolling away.
% Dep endingonthesituation ,it ma yta ke
some timeuntil005Diseng aged. Ther efor e, alw
ayspa yatt ention tothetra nsmiss ion
position display.
Pa rk position 005Diseng aged aut omatic allyif one
of thefo llo wing condition sis me t:
R Youswit choffth eignition whentheve hicle
is statio naryand thetransmission isin posi‐
tion 005Bor005E.
R Youopen thedr iver's door when theve hicle
is statio naryor when drivin gat ave ry low
speed andthetra nsmiss ionisin position 005B
or 005E.
% Tomaneu verwit han open driver's door ,
open thedr iver's door while statio naryand
eng agetrans miss ionposit ion005Bor005E
ag ain.
Eng agin gdr ive posi tion D #
Depress thebr ak epedal andpush the
DIR ECT SELEC Tleve rdo wn pas tth efirs t
point ofresis tance.
The trans mis sion positio ndispl aysho ws005B
in themultifunc tiondispla y. When
theaut omatic transmiss ionisin transmis‐
sion position 005B,itshif tsthege arsaut omat i‐
call y.This depends onthefo llo wing fact or s:
R The select eddrive pr ogr am
R The position oftheaccelera torpeda l
R The driving speed Manual
gearshif ting &
WARNIN GRisk ofskid ding and ofan
acci dent dueto shif ting down onslipper y
ro ad sur faces
If yo ushif tdo wn onslipp eryro ad sur faces to
inc rease theengine braking effect, thedr ive
wheels maylose traction . #
Donotshif tdo wn onslipper yro ad sur‐
fa ces toinc rease theengine braking
ef fect. Dr
iving and parking 14
5