tires MERCEDES-BENZ GLK-CLASS SUV 2015 Owners Manual

Index ................................................... ....4
Introduction ......................................... 22
At a glance ........................................... 31
Safety ................................................... 41
Opening and closing ...........................77
Seats, steering wheel and mirrors ....99
Lights and windshield wipers ..........115
Climate control ................................. 131
Driving and parking ..........................147
On-board computer and displays ....219
Stowage and features ......................273
Maintenance and care ......................299
Roadside Assistance ........................313
Wheels and tires ............................... 331
Technical data ................................... 371
Contents3

D
Dashboardsee Instrument cluster
Data
see Technical data
Daytime running lamps
Display message ............................ 246
Switching on/off (on-board com-
puter) ............................................. 231
Switching on/off (switch) .............. 116
Declarations of conformity ................. 26
DEF
Adding ........................................... 16 5
Display message ............................ 249
Filling capacity ............................... 376
Important safety notes .................. 376
Delayed switch-off
Exterior lighting (on-board com-
puter) ............................................. 231
Interior lighting .............................. 232
Diagnostics connection ...................... 26
Diesel .................................................. 3 75
Digital speedometer ......................... 224
DIRECT SELECT lever
Automatic transmission ................. 156
Display (cleaning instructions) ........ 310
Display messages
ASSYST PLUS ................................ 304
Calling up (on-board computer) ..... 235
Driving systems ............................. 250
Engine ............................................ 2 46
General notes ................................ 235
Hiding (on-board computer) ........... 235
KEYLESS-GO .................................. 258
Lights ............................................. 24 3
Safety systems .............................. 236
SmartKey ....................................... 258
Tires .............................................. . 255
Vehicle ........................................... 257
Distance recorder ............................. 223
see Odometer
see Trip odometer
Distance warning (warning lamp) .... 270
DISTRONIC PLUS
Activation conditions ..................... 178
Deactivating ................................... 182
Display message ............................ 253 Displays in the multifunction dis-
play ...............................................
. 181
Driving tips .................................... 182
Function/notes ............................. 176
Important safety notes .................. 176
Setting the specified minimum
distance ......................................... 180
Warning lamp ................................. 270
Doors
Automatic locking (on-board com-
puter) ............................................. 232
Automatic locking (switch) ............... 86
Central locking/unlocking
(SmartKey) ....................................... 78
Control panel ................................... 39
Display message ............................ 257
Emergency locking ........................... 86
Emergency unlocking ....................... 86
Important safety notes .................... 84
Opening (from inside) ...................... 84
Drinking and driving ......................... 170
Drive program
Automatic ...................................... 160
Display ........................................... 15 7
Display (DIRECT SELECT lever) ...... 157
Manual ........................................... 160
Driver's door
see Doors
Driving abroad
Mercedes-Benz Service ................. 305
Driving lamps
see Daytime running lamps
Driving safety systems
ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) ....... 68
BAS (Brake Assist System) .............. 69
BAS PLUS (Brake Assist System
PLUS) ............................................... 69
EBD (electronic brake force distri- bution) ............................................ . 73
ESP ®
(Electronic Stability Pro-
gram) .............................................. . 70
ETS/4ETS (Electronic Traction
System) ........................................... 70
Important safety information ........... 68
Overview .......................................... 68
PRE-SAFE ®
Brake ............................. 73
8Index

Engine jump startingsee Jump starting (engine)
Engine oil
Adding ........................................... 30 2
Additives ........................................ 377
Checking the oil level ..................... 301
Checking the oil level using the
dipstick .......................................... 30 1
Display message ............................ 248
Filling capacity ............................... 377
Notes about oil grades ................... 377
Notes on oil level/consumption .... 301
Viscosity ........................................ 377
ESP ®
(Electronic Stability Pro-
gram)
Deactivating/activating ................... 71
Display message ............................ 236
ETS/4ETS ........................................ 70
Function/notes ................................ 70
General notes .................................. 70
Important safety information ........... 71
Trailer stabilization ........................... 72
Warning lamp ................................. 264
ETS/4ETS (Electronic Traction Sys-
tem) ................................................... ... 70
Exhaust check ................................... 170
Exhaust tail pipe (cleaning instruc-
tions) .................................................. 3 09
Exterior lighting
Setting options .............................. 116
see Lights
Exterior mirrors
Adjusting ....................................... 109
Dipping (automatic) ....................... 110
Folding in when locking (on-boardcomputer) ...................................... 233
Folding in/out (automatically) ....... 110
Folding in/out (electrically) ........... 110
Out of position (troubleshooting) ... 110
Setting ........................................... 1 10
Storing settings (memory func-
tion) .............................................. . 112
Storing the parking position .......... 111
F
Filler cap
see Fuel filler flap Flat tire
MOExtended tires .......................... 315
Preparing the vehicle ..................... 314
TIREFIT kit ...................................... 316
see Emergency spare wheel
Floormats ........................................... 298
Fog lamps
Switching on/off ........................... 117
Folding the rear bench seat for-
wards/back ....................................... 276
Fording
On flooded roads ........................... 174
Front fog lamps
Switching on/off ........................... 117
Fuel
Additives ........................................ 375
Consumption statistics .................. 223
Displaying the current consump-
tion ............................................... . 224
Displaying the range ...................... 224
Driving tips .................................... 170
Fuel gauge ....................................... 33
Grade (gasoline) ............................ 374
Important safety notes .................. 373
Premium-grade unleaded gaso-
line ............................................... .. 374
Problem (malfunction) ................... 165
Quality (diesel) ............................... 375
Refueling ........................................ 16 2
Tank content/reserve fuel ............. 374
Fuel filler flap
Opening ......................................... 164
Fuel filter (display message) ............ 249
Fuel level
Calling up the range (on-board
computer) ...................................... 224
Fuel tank
Capacity ........................................ 374
Problem (malfunction) ................... 165
Fuse allocation chart (vehicle tool
kit) ................................................... ... 314
Fuses
Allocation chart ............................. 328
Before changing ............................. 328
Dashboard fuse box ....................... 328
Fuse box in the cargo compart-
ment .............................................. 3 29
10Index

Display message ............................ 258
Locking ............................................79
Start/Stop button .......................... 149
Starting the engine ........................ 151
Unlocking ......................................... 79
Kickdown
Driving tips .................................... 159
Knee bag .............................................. 47
L
Lamps
see Warning and indicator lamps
Lane Keeping Assist
Activating/deactivating ................. 230
Display message ............................ 251
Function/information .................... 205
Lane Tracking package ..................... 203
LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child seat
anchors ................................................ 64
License plate lamp (display mes-
sage) ................................................... 245
Light function, active
Display message ............................ 246
Light sensor (display message) ....... 246
Lights
Activating/deactivating the inte-
rior lighting delayed switch-off ....... 232
Active light function ....................... 119
Automatic headlamp mode ............ 116
Cornering light function ................. 120
Display message ............................ 243
Fog lamps ...................................... 117
Hazard warning lamps ................... 119
High beam flasher .......................... 119
High-beam headlamps ................... 118
Light switch ................................... 116
Low-beam headlamps .................... 117
Parking lamps ................................ 118
Rear fog lamp ................................ 118
Setting the brightness of the dis-
play/switch (on-board computer) .. 231
Standing lamps .............................. 118
Switching the daytime running
lamps on/off (on-board com-
puter) ............................................. 231
Switching the daytime running
lamps on/off (switch) .................... 116 Switching the exterior lighting
delayed switch-off on/off (on-
board computer) ............................ 231
Switching the surround lighting
on/off (on-board computer) .......... 231
Turn signals ................................... 118
see Interior lighting
see Replacing bulbs
Loading guidelines ............................ 274
Locking
see Central locking
Locking (doors)
Automatic ........................................ 86
Emergency locking ........................... 86
From inside (central locking but-
ton) ............................................... ... 85
Locking centrally
see Central locking
Locking verification signal (on-
board computer) ............................... 232
Low-beam headlamps
Changing bulbs .............................. 124
Display message ............................ 243
Switching on/off ........................... 117
Lumbar support
Adjusting ....................................... 104
Adjusting the 4-way lumbar sup-
port ............................................... . 104
Luxury head restraints ..................... 103
M
M+S tires ............................................ 335
Malfunction message
see Display messages
Matte finish (cleaning instruc-
tions) .................................................. 3 08
mbrace
Call priority .................................... 291
Display message ............................ 238
Downloading destinations
(COMAND) ..................................... 291
Downloading routes ....................... 294
Emergency call .............................. 288
General notes ................................ 287
Geo fencing ................................... 294
Locating a stolen vehicle ............... 293
MB info call button ........................ 290
12Index

Remote fault diagnosis .................. 293
Remote vehicle locking .................. 292
Roadside Assistance button .......... 289
Search & Send ............................... 292
Self-test ......................................... 288
Speed alert .................................... 294
System .......................................... 288
Triggering the vehicle alarm ........... 295
Vehicle remote unlocking .............. 292
Mechanical key
Function/notes ................................ 80
Locking vehicle ................................ 86
Unlocking the driver's door .............. 86
Media Interface
see Separate operating instructions
Memory card (audio) ......................... 226
Memory function ............................... 112
Message memory (on-board com-
puter) .................................................. 2 35
Messages
see Display messages
Mirrors
see Exterior mirrors
see Rear-view mirror
see Vanity mirror (in the sun visor)
Mobile phone
Menu (on-board computer) ............ 227
Modifying the programming
(SmartKey) ........................................... 80
MOExtended tires .............................. 315
Mounting wheels
Lowering the vehicle ...................... 359
Mounting a new wheel ................... 358
Preparing the vehicle ..................... 356
Raising the vehicle ......................... 357
Removing a wheel .......................... 358
Securing the vehicle against roll-
ing away ........................................ 356
MP3
Operation ....................................... 226
see separate operating instructions
Multifunction display
Function/notes ............................. 222
Permanent display ......................... 231
Multifunction steering wheel
Operating the on-board computer .. 221
Overview .......................................... 35N
Navigation
Menu (on-board computer) ............ 225
see separate operating instructions
NECK-PRO head restraints
Operation ......................................... 54
Resetting triggered .......................... 55
NECK-PRO luxury head restraints
Operation ......................................... 54
Resetting when triggered ................. 55
Notes on breaking-in a new vehi-
cle ................................................... .... 148
O
Occupant Classification System
(OCS)
Faults .............................................. . 53
Operation ......................................... 49
System self-test ............................... 52
Occupant safety
Air bags ........................................... 44
Children in the vehicle ..................... 61
Occupant Classification System
(OCS) ............................................... 49
Pets in the vehicle ........................... 67
PRE-SAFE ®
(anticipatory occu-
pant protection) ............................... 54
SRS (Supplemental Restraint Sys- tem) ............................................... .. 43
System overview .............................. 42
OCS
Faults ............................................. .. 53
Operation ......................................... 49
System self-test ............................... 52
Odometer ........................................... 223
Off-road system
4MATIC .......................................... 185
Oil
see Engine oil
On-board computer
Assistance menu ........................... 228
Audio menu ................................... 226
Convenience submenu .................. 233
Display messages .......................... 235
Displaying a service message ........ 305
Factory settings submenu ............. 234
Index13

Selecting the unit of measure-
ment .............................................. 230
see Instrument cluster
SRS (Supplemental Restraint Sys-
tem)
Display message ............................ 239
Introduction ..................................... 43
Warning lamp ................................. 266
Warning lamp (function) ................... 43
Standing lamps
Changing bulbs .............................. 124
Display message ............................ 245
Switching on/off ........................... 118
Start/stop function
see ECO start/stop function
Starting (engine) ................................ 151
Steering (display message) .............. 258
Steering wheel
Adjusting (electrically) ................... 107
Adjusting (manually) ...................... 106
Button overview ............................... 35
Buttons (on-board computer) ......... 221
Cleaning ......................................... 31 1
Important safety notes .................. 106
Paddle shifters ............................... 160
Steering wheel heating .................. 107
Storing settings (memory func-
tion) .............................................. . 112
Steering wheel heating
Problem (malfunction) ................... 108
Switching on/off ........................... 107
Steering wheel paddle shifters ........ 160
Stowage areas ................................... 275
Stowage compartments
Armrest (under) ............................. 275
Cup holders ................................... 282
Glove box ....................................... 275
Important safety information ......... 275
Rear ............................................... 276
Stowage net ................................... 276
Stowage net ....................................... 276
Summer tires ..................................... 334
Sun visor ............................................ 283
Surround lighting (on-board com-
puter) .................................................. 2 31
SUV
(Sport Utility Vehicle) ....................... 25 Switching air-recirculation mode
on/off
................................................. 14 3
T
Tachometer ........................................ 220
Tail lamps
Display message ............................ 244
Tailgate
Display message ............................ 257
Emergency unlocking ....................... 91
Important safety notes .................... 87
Limiting the opening angle ............... 90
Opening dimensions ...................... 380
Opening/closing (automatically
from inside) ...................................... 90
Opening/closing (automatically
from outside) ................................... 88
Opening/closing (from outside) ....... 88
Tank
see Fuel tank
Tank content
Fuel gauge ....................................... 33
Technical data
Capacities ...................................... 373
Emergency spare wheel ................. 369
Information .................................... 372
Tires/wheels ................................. 360
Trailer loads ................................... 381
Vehicle data ................................... 380
TELEAID
Call priority .................................... 291
Downloading destinations
(COMAND) ..................................... 291
Downloading routes ....................... 294
Emergency call .............................. 288
General notes ................................ 287
Geo fencing ................................... 294
Locating a stolen vehicle ............... 293
MB info call button ........................ 290
Remote vehicle locking .................. 292
Roadside Assistance button .......... 289
Search & Send ............................... 292
Self-test ......................................... 28 8
Speed alert .................................... 294
System .......................................... 288
Triggering the vehicle alarm ........... 295
Vehicle Health Check .................... 293
Index17

Vehicle remote unlocking .............. 292
Telephone
Accepting a call ............................. 227
Display message ............................ 258
Menu (on-board computer) ............ 227
Number from the phone book ........ 228
Redialing ........................................ 22 8
Rejecting/ending a call ................. 228
Temperature
Coolant .......................................... 22 0
Outside temperature ...................... 221
Setting (climate control) ................ 140
Time
see separate operating instructions
Tire pressure
Calling up (on-board computer) ..... 339
Checking manually ........................ 339
Display message ............................ 255
Important safety notes .................. 340
Maximum ....................................... 339
Not reached (TIREFIT) .................... 318
Notes ............................................. 33 8
Reached (TIREFIT) .......................... 318
Recommended ............................... 336
Tire pressure monitor
Checking the tire pressure elec-
tronically ........................................ 3 41
Function/notes ............................. 339
General notes ................................ 339
Important safety notes .................. 340
Radio type approval for the tire
pressure monitor ........................... 343
Restarting ...................................... 342
Warning lamp ................................. 271
Warning message .......................... 342
TIREFIT kit .......................................... 316
Tires
Aspect ratio (definition) ................. 354
Average weight of the vehicle
occupants (definition) .................... 352
Bar (definition) ............................... 352
Changing a wheel .......................... 355
Characteristics .............................. 352
Checking ........................................ 333
Curb weight (definition) ................. 353
Definition of terms ......................... 352
Direction of rotation ...................... 355
Display message ............................ 255 Distribution of the vehicle occu-
pants (definition) ............................ 355
DOT (Department of Transporta-
tion) (definition) ............................. 352
DOT, Tire Identification Number
(TIN) ..............................................
. 351
GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)
(definition) ..................................... 35 3
General notes ................................ 360
GTW (Gross Trailer Weight) (defi-
nition) ............................................ 353
GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) (def-
inition) ........................................... 353
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rat-
ing) (definition) .............................. 353
Important safety notes .................. 332
Increased vehicle weight due to
optional equipment (definition) ...... 352
Information on driving .................... 332
Kilopascal (kPa) (definition) ........... 353
Labeling (overview) ........................ 348
Load bearing index (definition) ...... 354
Load index ..................................... 351
Load index (definition) ................... 353
M+S tires ....................................... 335
Maximum load on a tire (defini-
tion) .............................................. . 354
Maximum loaded vehicle weight
(definition) ..................................... 35 3
Maximum permissible tire pres-
sure (definition) ............................. 353
Maximum tire load ......................... 346
Maximum tire load (definition) ....... 353
MOExtended tires .......................... 334
Optional equipment weight (defi-
nition) ............................................ 354
PSI (pounds per square inch) (def-
inition) ........................................... 354
Replacing ....................................... 355
Service life ..................................... 334
Sidewall (definition) ....................... 354
Speed rating (definition) ................ 353
Storing ........................................... 3 55
Structure and characteristics
(definition) ..................................... 35 2
Summer tires ................................. 334
Temperature .................................. 348
18Index

Emergency locking ........................... 86
Emergency unlocking ....................... 86
Equipment ....................................... 23
Individual settings .......................... 230
Limited Warranty ............................. 28
Loading .......................................... 343
Locking (in an emergency) ............... 86
Locking (SmartKey) .......................... 78
Lowering ........................................ 359
Maintenance .................................... 24
Parking for a long period ................ 169
Pulling away ................................... 152
Raising ........................................... 35 7
Reporting problems ......................... 27
Securing from rolling away ............ 356
Towing away .................................. 325
Transporting .................................. 327
Unlocking (in an emergency) ........... 86
Unlocking (SmartKey) ...................... 78
Vehicle data ................................... 380
Vehicle data ....................................... 380
Vehicle dimensions ........................... 380
Vehicle emergency locking ................ 86
Vehicle identification number
see VIN
Vehicle identification plate .............. 372
Vehicle maintenance
see ASSYST PLUS
Vehicle tool kit .................................. 314
Video (DVD) ........................................ 227
VIN ................................................... ... 372
W
Warning and indicator lamps
ABS ................................................ 262
Brakes ........................................... 26 2
Check Engine ................................. 267
Coolant .......................................... 26 8
Distance warning ........................... 270
DISTRONIC PLUS ........................... 270
ESP ®
.............................................. 264
ESP ®
OFF ....................................... 265
Fuel tank ........................................ 267
Overview .......................................... 34
PASSENGER AIRBAG OFF ................ 49
Reserve fuel ................................... 267
Seat belt ........................................ 260 SRS ................................................
266
Tire pressure monitor .................... 271
Warranty .............................................. 23
Washer fluid
Display message ............................ 258
Wheel and tire combination
see Tires
Wheel bolt tightening torque ........... 359
Wheel chock ...................................... 356
Wheels
Changing a wheel .......................... 355
Checking ........................................ 333
Cleaning ......................................... 30 7
Emergency spare wheel ................. 366
General notes ................................ 360
Important safety notes .................. 332
Information on driving .................... 332
Interchanging/changing ................ 355
Mounting a new wheel ................... 358
Mounting a wheel .......................... 356
Removing a wheel .......................... 358
Storing ........................................... 3 55
Tightening torque ........................... 359
Wheel size/tire size ....................... 360
Window curtain air bag
Display message ............................ 240
Operation ......................................... 49
Windows
see Side windows
Windshield
Defrosting ...................................... 141
Windshield washer fluid
see Windshield washer system
Windshield washer system .............. 303
Notes ............................................. 37 9
Windshield wipers
Problem (malfunction) ................... 129
Rear window wiper ........................ 127
Replacing the wiper blades ............ 127
Switching on/off ........................... 126
Winter driving
Important safety notes .................. 334
Slippery road surfaces ................... 174
Snow chains .................................. 335
Winter tires
M+S tires ....................................... 335
Wiper blades
Cleaning ......................................... 30 8
20Index

You could jeopardize the operating safety of
your vehicle if you use parts, tires and wheelsas well as accessories relevant to safety
which have not been approved by Mercedes.
This could lead to malfunctions in safety-rel-
evant systems, e.g. the brake system. Use
only genuine Mercedes-Benz parts or parts of
equal quality. Only use tires, wheels and
accessories that have been specifically
approved for your vehicle.
Genuine Mercedes-Benz parts are subject to
strict quality control. Every part has been spe- cifically developed, manufactured or selected
for and adapted to Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
Only genuine Mercedes-Benz parts should
therefore be used.
More than 300,000 different genuine
Mercedes-Benz parts are available for
Mercedes-Benz models.
All authorized Mercedes-Benz Centers main-
tain a supply of genuine Mercedes-Benz parts for necessary service and repair work. In addi-
tion, strategically located parts delivery cen-
ters provide quick and reliable parts service.
Always specify the vehicle identification num- ber (VIN) when ordering genuine Mercedes-
Benz parts ( Y page 372).
Operator's Manual
Vehicle equipment
This Operator's Manual describes all models
and all standard and optional equipment of
your vehicle available at the time of going to
print. Country-specific differences are possi-
ble. Bear in mind that your vehicle may not
feature all functions described here. This also
applies to safety-relevant systems and func-
tions. The equipment in your vehicle may
therefore differ from that shown in the
descriptions and illustrations.
The original purchase agreement lists all sys-tems installed in your vehicle.
Should you have any questions concerning
equipment and operation, please consult an
authorized Mercedes-Benz Center. The Operator's Manual and Maintenance
Booklet are important documents and should
be kept in the vehicle.
Service and vehicle operation
Service and literature
The implied warranty for your vehicle applies
in accordance with the warranty terms and
conditions in the Service and Warranty Infor-
mation booklet.
Your authorized Mercedes-Benz Center will
replace and repair all factory-installed parts in
accordance with the following warranty terms
and conditions:
R New Vehicle Limited Warranty
R Emission System Warranty
R Emission Performance Warranty
R California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachu-
setts, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island and Vermont Emission Control Sys-
tem Warranty
R State warranty enforcement laws (lemon
laws)
Replacement parts and accessories are cov-
ered by the Mercedes-Benz Parts and Acces- sories warranties. These are available at any
authorized Mercedes-Benz Center.
iShould you lose your Service and War-
ranty Information booklet, have an author-
ized Mercedes-Benz Center arrange for a
replacement. The new Service and War-
ranty Information booklet will be posted to
you.
Introduction23
Z

worked components. In particular, systems
relevant to safety could also be affected. As aresult, these may no longer function as inten-
ded and/or jeopardize the operating safety of
the vehicle. There is an increased risk of an
accident and injury.
Never tamper with the wiring as well as elec-
tronic components or their software. You
should have all work to electrical and elec-
tronic equipment carried out at a qualified
specialist workshop.
If you make any changes to the vehicle elec-
tronics, the general operating permit is ren-
dered invalid.
! There is a risk of damage to the vehicle if:
R the vehicle becomes stuck, e.g. on a high
curb or an unpaved road
R you drive too fast over an obstacle, e.g. a
curb or a hole in the road
R a heavy object strikes the undercarriage
or parts of the chassis
In situations like this, the body, the under-
carriage, chassis parts, wheels or tires
could be damaged without the damage
being visible. Components damaged in this
way can unexpectedly fail or, in the case of
an accident, no longer withstand the strain
they are designed to.
If the underbody paneling is damaged,
combustible materials such as leaves,
grass or twigs can gather between the
underbody and the underbody paneling. If
these materials come in contact with hot
parts of the exhaust system, they can catch fire.
In such situations, have the vehicle
checked and repaired immediately at a
qualified specialist workshop. If on con-
tinuing your journey you notice that driving
safety is impaired, pull over and stop the
vehicle immediately, paying attention to
road and traffic conditions. In such cases,
consult a qualified specialist workshop.
Declarations of conformity
Vehicle components which receive
and/or transmit radio waves
USA: "The wireless devices of this vehicle
comply with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Oper-
ation is subject to the following two condi-
tions: 1) These devices may not cause harm-
ful interference, and 2) These devices must
accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired oper-
ation. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for com-
pliance could void the user’s authority to
operate the equipment."
Canada: "The wireless devices of this vehicle
comply with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) These devices
may not cause interference, and (2) These
devices must accept any interference, includ-
ing interference that may cause undesired
operation of the device."
Diagnostics connection
The diagnostics connection is only intended
for the connection of diagnostic equipment at a qualified specialist workshop.
GWARNING
If you connect equipment to the diagnostics
connection in the vehicle, it may affect the
operation of the vehicle systems. As a result, the operating safety of the vehicle could be
affected. There is a risk of an accident.
Do not connect any equipment to a diagnos-
tics connection in the vehicle.
GWARNING
Objects in the driver's footwell can restrict the pedal travel or obstruct a depressed pedal.
The operating and road safety of the vehicle is
jeopardized. There is a risk of an accident.
Make sure that all objects in the vehicle are
stowed correctly, and that they cannot enter
26Introduction