oil change MERCEDES-BENZ SPRINTER 2018 MY18 Operator’s Manual

Selector lever ................................ 123
Selector lever positions ................. 124
Shift ranges ................................... 125
Starting the engine ........................ 120
Touchshift ...................................... 124
Trailer towing ................................. 125
Transmission oil change ................ 284
Automatic transmission emer-
gency mode ....................................... 126
AUX port ............................................. 212
Auxiliary heater
see Auxiliary warm-air heater
see Hot-water auxiliary heater
Auxiliary heating
Activating/deactivating heater
booster mode ................................ 112
Adjusting ....................................... 172
Conditions for switching on ........... 109
Heating time .................................. 108
Important safety notes .................. 107
Operating with the button (control
panel) ............................................ 109
Operation with the remote con-
trol ................................................. 110
Operation with the timer ................ 114
Selecting a switch-on time ............. 109
Setting the switch-on time ............. 110
see Auxiliary heating
see Auxiliary warm-air heater
see Hot-water auxiliary heater
Auxiliary warm-air heater
Problem (malfunction) ................... 117
Setting the departure time ............. 116
Axle load, permissible (trailer tow-
ing) ...................................................... 288
B
Backup lamps
Replacing bulbs ............................... 92
Backup lamps (Chassis Cab)
Replacing bulbs ............................... 93
BAS (Brake Assist System)
Display message ............................ 182
Function/notes ................................ 56
Indicator lamp ................................ 196
Basic settings
see Settings Battery
Replacing (SmartKey) ...................... 63
Battery (SmartKey)
Checking .......................................... 63
Important safety notes .................... 63
Replacing ......................................... 63
Battery (vehicle)
Care ............................................... 233
Charging ........................................ 233
Disconnecting/connecting (addi-
tional battery) ................................ 232
Disconnecting/connecting
(starter battery) ............................. 230
Display message ............................ 194
Important safety notes .................. 228
Indicator lamp ................................ 199
Installing/removing (additional
battery) .......................................... 233
Jump starting ................................. 243
Location ......................................... 229
Main switch ................................... 118
Removing and installing (starter
battery) .......................................... 231
Removing and installing the floor
covering ......................................... 229
Before driving off
Important safety notes .................. 120
Belt
see Seat belts
Belt warning ......................................... 45
Bio-diesel ........................................... 279
Bleeding the fuel system .................. 122
Blind Spot Assist
Activating/deactivating (button) .... 145
Activating/deactivating (vehicle
with steering wheel buttons) ......... 172
Display messages (vehicles with
steering wheel buttons) ................. 192
Display messages (vehicles with-
out steering wheel buttons) ........... 180
Notes/function .............................. 143
Trailer towing ................................. 145
Bottle holder
see Cup holder
Brake Assist
see BAS (Brake Assist System)
Brake fluid
Checking the level ......................... 224
Index5

Notes about oil grades ................... 282
Oil change ...................................... 283
Oil level (note) ............................... 221
Viscosity ........................................ 282
Warning lamp .................................200
Engine speed setting (working
mode) ................................................. 153
ESP
®(Electronic Stability Pro-
gram)
Crosswind Assist .............................5 7
Display message ............................ 184
Important safety information ........... 56
Indicator lamp ................................ 199
Warning lamp ................................. 195
Exhaust check ................................... 133
Exhaust gas aftertreatment
DEF level indicator .........................1 61
DEF reducing agent ....................... 281
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) ............. 281
Indicator lamp ................................ 202
Refilling DEF .................................. 128
Exterior lighting
see Lights
Exterior mirrors
Adjusting ......................................... 80
Important safety notes .................... 80
Eyeglasses compartment ................. 206
F
Fire extinguisher............................... 243
First-aid kit ......................................... 242
Flat tire
Changing a wheel/mounting the
spare wheel ................................... 268
General notes ................................ 267
Fog lamps
Switching on/off .............................. 83
Fogged up-up windows
see Climate control
Folding seat ......................................... 76
Frequencies
Mobile phone ................................. 276
Two-way radio ................................ 276
Front interior light
Replacing bulbs ............................... 95
Fuel
Additives (diesel) ........................... 280 Consumption information .............. 280
Consumption statistics .................. 173
Diesel at very low outside temper-
atures ............................................ 279
Driving tips ....................................1 32
Fuel gauge ..................................... 161
Problem (malfunction) ................... 128
Quality (diesel) ............................... 279
Refueling ........................................ 126
Showing the range (vehicles with
steering wheel buttons) ................. 173
Tank content/reserve fuel ............. 279
Fuel filter with water separator
draining ......................................... 225
Indicator lamp ................................ 203
Fuel gauge ......................................... 161
Fuel tank
Problem (malfunction) ................... 128
Fuel tank
see Fuel tank
Fuses .................................................. 247
G
Gasoline
Reserve fuel warning lamp ............. 201
General driving tips
Driving short distances .................. 133
Genuine parts ...................................... 29
Glove box ........................................... 205
GTW (Gross Trailer Weight) (defini-
tion) .................................................... 265
H
Handbrake
see Parking brake
Hazard warning lamps ........................ 85
Head restraints
Adjusting ......................................... 78
Headlamps
Adding fluid to cleaning system ..... 225
Cleaning system (function) .............. 85
Fogging up ....................................... 86
see Automatic headlamp mode
Headliner (cleaning instructions) .... 239
Heating
see Climate control
Index11

Instrument cluster
Displays and controls
Instrumentcluste ron vehicles without steering whee lbuttons
Instrumen tcluste rin vehicles wit hsteering-wheel buttons
FunctionPag e
:Speedometer161
;Tachometer161
=f, gBrightens/dims th e
instrumen tcluste rlighting16 1
?Fue lgauge wit hfuel filler flap
location indicator16 1
ADisplay
Vehicles without steering
whee lbuttons16 2
Vehicles wit hsteering whee l
buttons16 3
FunctionPag e
BReset butto n934
CMen ubutto n4
• changes standard display16 2
•select smenus16 3
DService butto nË
Checks th eengin eoil level22 1
34Instrument cluster
At a glance

Useful information
This Operator's Manual describes all models as
well as standard and optional equipment of your
vehicle that were available at the time of going
to print. Country-specific variations are possi-
ble. Note that your vehicle may not be equipped
with all of the described functions. This also
applies to systems and functions relevant to
safety.
Read the information on qualified specialist
workshops (
Ypage 27).
Key
Important safety notes
GWARNING
When the double locks are activated, the
doors can no longer be opened from the
inside. People in the vehicle can no longer get
out, e.g. in hazardous situations. There is a
risk of injury.
Therefore, do not leave any people unsuper-
vised in the vehicle, particularly children, eld-
erly people or people in need of special assis-
tance. Do not activate the double lock when
people are in the vehicle.
GWARNING
If you leave children unsupervised in the vehi-
cle, they could set it in motion by, for example:
Rrelease the parking brake.
Rshift the automatic transmission out of park
position Por shift manual transmission into
neutral.
Rstart the engine.
In addition, they may operate vehicle equip-
ment and become trapped. There is a risk of
an accident and injury.
When leaving the vehicle, always take the
SmartKey with you and lock the vehicle. Never
leave children unsupervised in the vehicle.
GWARNING
If you attach heavy or large objects to the
SmartKey, the SmartKey could be uninten-
tionally turned in the ignition lock. This could
cause the engine to be switched off. There is a risk of an accident.
Do not attach any heavy or large objects to the
SmartKey. Remove any bulky key rings before
inserting the SmartKey into the ignition lock.
Do not keep the key with remote control:
Rwith electronic devices, e.g. a mobile phone
or another key with remote control
Rwith metallic objects, e.g. coins or metal foil
Rin metallic objects, e.g. metal cases
This can affect the key's functionality.
Key functions of the remote control
General notes
The vehicle is equipped with either two or four
remote controls with a folding key or four
mechanical keys. In this Operator's Manual,
both the mechanical keys and the keys with
remote control are referred to as keys. The
remote control key has a range of up to 32 ft
(10 m). Use the remote control of the key only
when in immediate proximity of the vehicle. This
prevents theft.
Remote controls that are not included in the
scope of delivery for the vehicle must be pro-
grammed before use. Further information can
be obtained at any authorized Sprinter Dealer.
The key's remote control locks/unlocks the
driver's door and/or the following centrally if
the factory settings have not been changed:
Rthe driver's and the front-passenger door
Rthe sliding doors
Rthe rear doors
iIf the driver's or front-passenger door is not
closed, the corresponding door is not locked.
If a sliding door or a rear door is not closed
properly, none of the rear doors are locked.
If there is a key is in the ignition lock, the remote
control is inoperative. When locking or unlock-
ing the vehicle with the remote control, always
pay attention to the indicator lamp signaling.
Also check the locking knobs of the doors.
Key61
Opening and closing
Z

Do not drink or take drugs and drive or allow
anyone to drive who has been drinking or tak-ing drugs.
Emission control
GWARNING
Combustion engines emit poisonous exhaust
gases such as carbon monoxide. Inhaling
these exhaust gases leads to poisoning. There
is a risk of fatal injury. Therefore never leave
the engine running in enclosed spaces with-
out sufficient ventilation.
Certain engine systems are designed to keep
the level of poisonous substances in exhaust
fumes within legal limits.
These systems only work optimally if they are
maintained exactly in accordance with the man-
ufacturer's specifications. Any work on the
engine should therefore be carried out by quali-
fied and authorized technicians at a Sprinter
dealer.
The engine settings must not be changed under any circumstances. In addition, all specific
maintenance work must be carried out at regu-
lar intervals and in accordance with the service
requirements of the dealer listed here on the
inside title page. Details can be found in the
Maintenance Booklet.
Short journey
!
If the vehicle is predominantly used for
short-distance driving or is stationary for long
periods, this could lead to a malfunction in the automatic cleaning function for the diesel par-
ticle filter. This can lead to blockage of the
diesel particle filter. This can also result in fuel
collecting in the engine oil and cause engine
failure.
Therefore, if you mainly drive short distances,
drive on a highway or an inter-urban road for
20 minute severy 300 miles (500 km). This facil-
itates the diesel particle filter's burn-off proc-
ess.
Speed limiter
GWARNING
Exceeding the stated tire load-bearing capa-
city and the approved maximum speed could
lead to tire damage or the tire bursting. There is a risk of accident.
Therefore, only use tire types and sizes
approved for your vehicle model. Observe the
tire load rating and speed rating required for
your vehicle.
As the driver, you must find out about the max-
imum speed of the vehicle permitted for the
tires (tire and tire pressure). In particular, also
observe the tire approval regulations for each
country.
You must not exceed the speed limit for the tires
listed in the tire pressure tables. You can find
information on tire pressures in the "Wheels and
tires" section (
Ypage 251).
You can permanently limit the speed of your
vehicle to 65 mph (105 km/h) or 75 mph
(120 km/h).
We recommend that you have the speed limit
programmed at an authorized Sprinter dealer.
Before overtaking, take into consideration that
the engine speed limiter prevents the speed
increasing beyond the programmed speed limit.
Driving abroad
Service
An extensive network of authorized Sprinter
Dealers is also at your disposal when you are
traveling abroad. Nevertheless, please bear in
mind that service facilities or replacement parts may not always be immediately available. You
can obtain a list of workshops at any authorized
Sprinter Dealer.
Fuel
In some countries, only fuels with a higher sulfur
content are available.
Unsuitable fuel can cause engine damage. Infor-
mation on fuel (
Ypage 278).
Driving tips133
Driving and parking
Z

longed rolling of the wheels, e.g. when being
towed, will result in transmission damage.
If the vehicle threatens to skid or cannot be
stopped when moving at low speed:
XShift the transmission to neutral position N.
XTry to maintain control of the vehicle using
corrective steering.
Drive particularly carefully on slippery roads.
Avoid sudden acceleration, steering and braking
maneuvers. Do not use cruise control.
You can find further information on winter tires
and snow chains in the "Winter operation" sec-
tion (
Ypage 250).
Driving off-road
Important safety notes
GWARNING
If you drive on a steep incline at an angle or
turn when driving on an incline, the vehicle
could slip sideways, tip and rollover. There is a risk of an accident.
Always drive on a steep incline in the line of
fall (straight up or down) and do not turn the
vehicle.
GWARNING
When driving off-road, your body is subject to
forces from all directions, due to the uneven
surface. You could be thrown from your seat,
for instance. There is a risk of injury.
Always wear a seat belt, even when driving off-
road.
GWARNING
If you drive over obstacles or in ruts, the steer-
ing wheel may jerk out of your grip, causing
injury to your hands.
Always hold the steering wheel firmly with
both hands. When driving over obstacles, you
must expect steering forces to increase
briefly and suddenly.
GWARNING
Flammable material such as leaves, grass or
twigs may ignite if they come into contact with
hot parts of the exhaust system. There is a risk of fire.
When driving off road or on unpaved roads,
check the vehicle's underside regularly. In
particular, remove parts of plants or other
flammable materials which have become
trapped. In the case of damage, contact a
qualified specialist workshop.
!When driving off-road or on unpaved surfa-
ces, check the underside of the vehicle and
the wheels and tires at regular intervals. In
particular, remove any trapped foreign
objects, e.g. stones and branches.
Such foreign objects may:
Rdamage the chassis, the fuel tank or the
brake system
Rcause imbalances and thus vibrations
Rbe flung out when you continue driving
If there is any damage, inform a qualified spe-
cialist workshop.
When driving off-road and on construction sites,
sand, mud and water mixed with oil, for exam-
ple, may get into the brakes. This may lead to a
reduction in braking performance or total brake
failure, also as a result of increased wear. The
braking characteristics will vary depending on
the material that has got into the system. Clean
the brakes after driving off-road. If you then
notice reduced braking performance or hear
scraping noises, have the brake system checked
at a qualified specialist workshop. Adjust your
driving style to the changed braking character-
istics.
Driving off-road or on construction sites increa-
ses the possibility of vehicle damage which may
in turn lead to the failure of certain assemblies
and systems. Adapt your driving style to the off- road driving c
onditions. Drive carefully. Have
any vehicle damage rectified at a qualified spe-
cialist workshop as soon as possible.
When driving on rough terrain, do not shift the
transmission into the neutral position. You could
lose control when attempting to brake the vehi-
cle with the service brake. If your vehicle cannot
manage an uphill slope, drive back down the
slope in reverse gear.
Driving tips137
Driving and parking
Z

Using thef,g,4or9 buttons you can
select the following functions:
RCalling up the service due date
(Ypage 227)
RChecking the oil level (Ypage 221)
RChecking the DEF level (Ypage 161)
RPreselecting/setting the auxiliary heating
switch-on time (Ypage 109)
RTire pressure monitor(Ypage 254)
RSetting the time (Ypage 163)
RActivating/deactivating Highbeam Assist
(Ypage 170)
RSetting the daytime running lamps
(Ypage 82)
Setting the time
XTurn the key to position 2in the ignition lock.
XPress the 4menu button repeatedly until the
hours figure flashes.
XPress the forg button to set the hour.
XPress the 9reset button.
The minute display flashes.
XPress the forg button to set the minute.
iIf you keep the forg button pressed, the
value will change continuously.
Activating/deactivating Highbeam
Assist
XTurn the key to position 2in the ignition lock.
XPress the 4menu button repeatedly until the
_ indicator lamp flashes and the onorOFFmessage appears in the display.
XUse the forg button to switch Highbeam
Assist on/off.
Switching the daytime running lamps
on/off
If you switch the daytime running lamps on, the
daytime running lamps will automatically light
up when the engine is running.
For safety reasons, it is only possible to change
this setting when the vehicle is stationary. The
factory setting is on
in countries in which day-
time running lamp mode or daytime running
lamps are mandatory.
XTurn the key to position 2in the ignition lock.
XPress the 4menu button repeatedly until the
L indicator lamp flashes and the onorOFFmessage appears in the display.
XPress the forg button to activate or deac-
tivate the daytime running lamps.
iUSA only:
If you turn the light switch to TorL,
the corresponding light switches on. If you
turn the light switch to Ã, the daytime
running lamps remain switched on.
Canada only:
If you turn the light switch to L, the low-
beam headlamps switch on. If you turn the
light switch to TorÃ, the daytime run-
ning lamps remain switched on.
On-board computer (vehicles with
steering wheel buttons)
Operating the on-board computer
Overview
XTo activate the on-board computer: turn
the key to position 1in the ignition lock.
The on-board computer shows vehicle informa-
tion and settings in the display.
You can control the display and the settings in
the on-board computer with the buttons on the
steering wheel.
On-board computer (vehicles with steering wheel buttons)163
On-board computer and displays
Z

Flat tire
General notes
If your vehicleis equipped wit h aspar ewheel,
th espar ewhee lis under th erear of th evehicl e
(
Ypage 273).
Information about installin g awhee lcan be
foun din th e"Whee lchange" section
(
Ypage 268).
Changing wheels
Rotating the wheels
GWARNIN G
Interchangin gth efron tand rear wheels may
severely impair th edriving characteristics if
th ewheels or tires have different dimensions.
The whee lbrakes or suspension component s
may also be damaged. Ther eis aris kof acci-
dent.
Rotate fron tand rear wheels only if th ewheels
and tires are of th esam edimensions.
!On vehicles equipped wit h atire pressur e
monitor, electronic component sare locate d
in th ewheel.
Tire-mounting tools should no tbe used near
th evalve. This could damag eth eelectronic
components.
Only have tires changed at aqualified spe-
cialist workshop.
Always observ eth einstruction sand safet y
note sin th e"Mounting awheel" section
(
Ypage 268).
The wear pattern son th efron tand rear tires
differ, depending on th eoperating conditions.
Rotate th ewheels before aclear wear pattern
has formed on th etires .Fron ttires typically
wear mor eon th eshoulder sand th erear tires in
th ecenter.
If your vehicle's tire configuration allows ,you
can rotate th etires according to th eintervals in
th etire manufacturer' swarrant ybook in your
vehicl edocuments .If no warrant ybook is avail-
able, th etires should be rotate devery 3,000 to
6,000 mile
s(
5,00 0to 10,00 0km), or earlier if
tire wear requires. Do no tchang eth edirection
of rotation . Clean th
econtact surface sof th ewhee land th e
brak edisc thoroughly every time awhee lis rota-
ted.
Chec kth etire pressur eand reactivat eth etire
pressur emonitor if necessary.
Diagram showin gtir erotation for single and dual
tires
Single tires: if thetires are of identical dimen-
sions, you can rotate bot hwheels on bot hth e
fron tand rear axle sso that th etires 'original
direction of rotation is maintained. On unidirec -
tional tires ,an arrow on th esidewall shows th e
prescribe ddirection of rotation of th etire.
Twin rea rtires: if thetires are of identical
dimensions, you can rotate th ewheels on th e
fron taxle and th einner wheels on th erear axle
in pair ssuc hthat th eoriginal direction of tire
rotation is retained. Wit hunidirectional tires ,
you may rotate th eoutside wheels at th erear
axle from on eside to th eother .
Direction of rotation
Tires wit h aspecifie ddirection of rotation have
additional benefits ,e.g. if there is aris kof hydro-
planing .You will only gain these benefits if th e
correct direction of rotation is observed.
An arrow on th esidewall of th etire indicates it s
correct direction of rotation .
You may moun t aspar ewhee lagainst th edirec-
tion of rotation .Observ eth etime restriction on
use as well as th espee dlimitation specifie don
th espar ewheel.
Storing wheels
Store wheels that are no tbein gused in acool,
dry and preferably dark place. Protect th etires
from contact wit hoil, grease and fuel .
Changing wheels267
Wheels and tires
Z

specialist workshop and have the spare wheel
replaced with a wheel and tire assembly that has
a Super Single tire.
XClean the wheel and wheel hub contact sur-
faces.
XUnscrew the six adapter bolts on the spare
wheel and remove the adapter.
XTighten the adapter with the six adapter bolts
evenly in a crosswise pattern through the
outer holes on the wheel hub.
XTighten the six adapter bolts on the wheel hub
to a tightening torque of177 lb-ft(240 Nm).
XPush the wheel onto the adapter and attach it.
Mounting a new wheel
GWARNING
Oiled or greased wheel bolts or damaged
wheel bolts/hub threads can cause the wheel bolts to come loose. As a result, you could
lose a wheel while driving. There is a risk of
accident.
Never oil or grease wheel bolts. In the event of
damage to the threads, contact a qualified
specialist workshop immediately. Have the
damaged wheel bolts or hub threads
replaced/renewed. Do not continue driving.
GWARNING
If you tighten the wheel bolts or wheel nuts
when the vehicle is raised, the jack could tip
over. There is a risk of injury.
Only tighten the wheel bolts or wheel nuts
when the vehicle is on the ground.
Always observe the instructions and safety
notes on "Changing a wheel" (
Ypage 267).
Only use wheel bolts or wheel nuts that have
been designed for the wheel and the vehicle. For safety reasons, we recommend that you only
use wheel bolts or wheel nuts which have been
approved for Sprinter vehicles and the respec-
tive wheel.
!For a steel wheel, only use the short wheel
bolts to mount the steel spare wheel. Using
other wheel bolts to mount the steel spare
wheel could damage the brake system.
!On vehicles equipped with a tire pressure
monitor, electronic components are located
in the wheel.
Tire-mounting tools should not be used near
the valve. This could damage the electronic
components.
Only have tires changed at a qualified spe-
cialist workshop.
:Wheel bolt for alloy wheel
;Wheel bolt for steel wheel
XClean the wheel and wheel hub contact sur-
faces.
XVehicles with Super Single tires: first attach
the adapter for the narrow spare wheel to the
wheel hub (
Ypage 270).
Slide the new wheel onto the wheel hub or
onto the adapter for the spare wheel and push
it on.
Slide the new wheel onto the wheel hub and
push it on.
Wheels with centering by wheel bolts:
XVehicles with alloy wheels: take the short
wheel bolts that secure the steel spare wheel
out of the vehicle tool kit.
XScrew in the wheel bolts and tighten them
lightly.
For wheels with wheel nuts:
XFront wheels with wheel nut covers: press the wheel nut covers onto the wheel nuts.
XScrew in three wheel nuts over the fixing discs
of the wheel nut cover.
XTurn the wheel so that the wheel bolts are in
the middle of the holes.
XScrew on the rest of the wheel nuts.
XSlightly tighten all the wheel nuts.
Changing wheels271
Wheels and tires
Z

iSuch data is vehicle-specific and may differ
from that shown. Always observe the specifi-
cations on your vehicle's identification plate.
Engine number
The engine number is stamped on the crank-
case. More information may be obtained at any
qualified specialist workshop.
Service products and capacities
Important safety notes
GWARNING
Service products may be poisonous and haz-
ardous to health. There is a risk of injury.
Comply with instructions on the use, storage
and disposal of service products on the labels
of the respective original containers. Always
store service products sealed in their original
containers. Always keep service products out
of the reach of children.
HEnvironmental note
Dispose of service products in an environ-
mentally responsible manner.
Service products include the following:
RFuels, e.g. diesel
RAdditives for the exhaust gas aftertreatment,
e.g. Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
RLubricants, e.g. engine oil, transmission oil
RCoolant
RBrake fluid
RWasher fluid
RClimate control system refrigerants
Approved service products comply with the
highest quality standards and are listed in the
MB Specifications for Service Products. Only
use service products approved for the vehicle.
This is an important condition for the warranty.
You will recognize the approved service prod-
ucts by the inscription on the container: MB
Approval (e.g. MB Approval 228.5)
Other identifications and recommendations
refer to quality level or a specification according to an MB Sheet Number (e.g. MB 228.5). They
are therefore not necessarily approved.
More information can be obtained at any quali-
fied specialist workshop.
Additives for approved service products are nei-
ther required nor permitted. Approved fuel addi- tives are the exception. Additives can cause
engine damage and must therefore not be
added to the service products.
The use of additives is always the responsibility
of the vehicle operator. The use of additives may
result in the restriction or loss of you
r Limited
Warranty entitlements.
Fuel
Important safety notes
GWARNING
Fuel is highly flammable. Improper handling of
fuel creates a risk of fire and explosion.
Avoid fire, open flames, smoking and creating
sparks under all circumstances. Switch off the
engine and, if applicable, the auxiliary heating
before refueling.
GWARNING
Fuel is poisonous and hazardous to health.
There is a risk of injury.
You must make sure that fuel does not come into contact with your skin, eyes or clothing
and that it is not swallowed. Do not inhale fuel
vapors. Keep fuel away from children.
If you or others come into contact with fuel,
observe the following:
RWash away fuel from skin immediately
using soap and water.
RIf fuel comes into contact with your eyes,
immediately rinse them thoroughly with
clean water. Seek medical assistance with-
out delay.
RIf fuel is swallowed, seek medical assis-
tance without delay. Do not induce vomit-
ing.
RImmediately change out of clothing which
has come into contact with fuel.
278Service products and capacities
Technical data