sensor NISSAN ALMERA N15 1995 Repair Manual

ENGINEANDEMISSION CONTROLOVERALLSYSTEM
ECCS Component PartsLocation -GA16DE
except forEurope, IsraelandAustralia
Throttle position sensor
Engine coolant
temperature sensor
Power steering oil

,,,,,"to
'WI"h~~>- __
"7-_

VTC solenoid valve EVAP
canister purge
control solenoid valve
(Only M/Tmodels)
Oxygen sensor
•

Engine coolant temperature sensor
VTC solenoid valve
EC-19 Throttle
position sensor
SEF451QA

ENGINEANDEMISSION CONTROL OVERALLSYSTEM
ECCS Component PartsLocation -GA16DE for
Australia
Heated oxygen sensor

(AfT
models)
Oxygen sensor

(MfT
models)
Engine
coolant temperature
sensor
VTCsolenoid valve EGR
valve
&
EVAP
canister purge
control solenoid valve Throttle
position sensor
IACV-AAC valve(withFICO solenoid valve)
Distributor withbuilt-in camshaft position
sensor, powertransistor andignition coil
Engine coolant temperature sensor
VTC solenoid valve
Throttlepositionsensor
SEF124R
EC-20

ENGINEANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
System Chart

I
Camshaft positionsensor

'1
Fuel
injection
&
mixture
ratio control Injectors
Knock sensor
Distributorignitionsystem Powertransistor
Mass airflow sensor
Engine coolant temperature
sensor
Ignition switch Idle
aircontrol system
Fuel pump control
*4

IACV-AAC valve(WithFICD
solenoid valve)
Fuel pump relay

•

'5

Throttle
positionsensor
Neutral positionllnhibitor
switch
Air conditioner switch ECM
(ECCS
control
module)
2

Oxygen sensormonitor

&
On-board diagnostic system

5
Torque converter clutchcan-
cel solenoid valvecontrol
(A/T models) Malfunction
indicatorlamp
(On theinstrument panel)
Torque converter clutchsole-
noid valve
VTC solenoid valve

*6
Air
conditioner relays
Cooling
fanrelay
EVAP canister purgecontrol
solenoid valve
Cooling
fancontrol
Air conditioner cutcontrol
during acceleration
Valve timing control
EVAP canister purgecontrol

7

6

Power
steering oilpressure
switch Battery
voltage
Intake airtemperature sensor

*3

I

Vehicle speedsensor

*2

I
Oxygen sensor

8
'8

Electrical load
• Rear defogger switch
• Lighting switch EGR

&
EVAP canister purge
control EGR
valve
&
EVAP canister
purge control solenoid valve
*1: Except forEurope andIsrael
*2: Heated oxygen sensor(ForEurope andIsrael, andAustralia A/Tmodels)
Oxygen sensor(Except forEurope andIsrael, andAustralia A/Tmodels)
*3: For Australia
*4: IACV-AAC valveandIACV-FICD solenoidvalve(ForEurope andIsrael)
IACV-AAC valve(withFICDsolenoid valve)(Except forEurope andIsrael)
'5: Except forEurope
*6: GA16DE exceptforEurope andIsrael
*7: GA16DE MITmodels exceptforEurope, IsraelandAustralia
*8: For Europe andIsrael andAustralia, andGA15DE MITmodels

EC-23

ENGINEANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
Multipart FuelInjection (MFI)System
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALLINE

Camshaft positionsensor
Mass airflow sensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor

*1
Oxygen sensor
Throttle position sensor
Neutral position/Inhibitor switch
Vehicle speedsensor
~gnition switch
Air conditioner switch
Power steering oilpressure switch
Battery Engine
speedandpiston position
Amount ofintake air
Engine coolant temperature
Density ofoxygen inexhaust gas
Throttle position
Throttle valveidleposition
Gear position
Vehicle speed
Start signal
Air conditioner operation
Power steering loadsignal
Battery voltage ECM
(ECCS
control module) Injector
*1: Heated oxygen sensor(ForEurope andIsrael, andAustralia A/Tmodels)
Oxygen sensor(Except forEurope andIsrael, andAustralia A/Tmodels)

BASIC MULTIPORT FUELINJECTION
SYSTEM

The amount offuel injected fromthefuel injector
is determined bythe ECM. TheECM controls the
length oftime thevalve remains open(injection
pulse duration). Theamount offuel injected isa
program valueinthe ECM memory. Theprogram
value ispreset byengine operating conditions.
These conditions aredetermined byinput signals
(for engine speedandintake air)from boththe
camshaft positionsensorandthemass airflow
sensor.
VARIOUS
FUELINJECTION
INCREASE/DECREASE COMPENSATION

In addition, theamount offuel injected iscom-
pensated toimprove engineperformance under
various operating conditions aslisted below.

<
Fuel increase>
• During warm-up
• When starting theengine
• During acceleration
• Hot-engine operation
• When selector leverischanged from"N"to
"D"
(AfT
models only)
• High-load, high-speed operation

<
Fuel decrease>
• During deceleration

EC-24

•

OPEN
LOOPCONTROL

The open loopsystem condition referstowhen theECM detects
any ofthe following conditions. Feedbackcontrolstopsinorder
to maintain stabilized fuelcombustion.
• Deceleration andacceleration
• High-load, high-speed operation
• Engine idling
• Malfunction ofoxygen sensor*1 orits circuit
• Insufficient activationofoxygen sensor*1 atlow engine
coolant temperature
• High-engine coolanttemperature
• After shifting from"N"to"D"
• During warm-up
• When starting theengine

ENGINE
ANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
[ill

Multipart FuelInjection (MFI)System (Cant'd)
MIXTURE RATIOFEEDBACK CONTROL(CLOSEDLOOP
CONTROL)

The mixture ratiofeedback systemprovides thebest air-fuel
mixture ratiofordriveability andemission control.Thethree
way catalyst canthen better reduce CO,HCand NOx emissions.
This system usesanoxygen sensor*1 inthe exhaust manifold
to monitor ifthe engine operation isrich orlean. TheECM
adjusts theinjection pulsewidthaccording tothe sensor volt-
age signal. Thismaintains themixture ratiowithin therange of
stoichiometric (idealair-fuel mixture).

MEF025DC
Thisstage isreferred toas the closed loopcontrol condition .

Feedback
signal
CLOSED
LOOP
CONTROL
MIXTURERATIOSELF-LEARNING CONTROL

The mixture ratiofeedback controlsystem monitors themixture
ratio signal transmitted fromtheoxygen sensor*1. Thisfeed-
back signal isthen senttothe ECM. TheECM controls thebasic
mixture ratioasclose tothe theoretical mixtureratioaspossi-
ble. However, thebasic mixture ratioisnot necessarily con-
trolled asoriginally designed. Bothmanufacturing differences
(i.e., mass airflow sensor hotfilm) andcharacteristic changes
during operation (i.e.,injector clogging) directlyaffectmixture
ratio.
Accordingly, thedifference betweenthebasic andtheoretical
mixture ratiosismonitored inthis system. Thisisthen com-
puted interms of"injection pulseduration" toautomatically
compensate forthe difference betweenthetwo ratios.
* 1: Heated oxygen sensor(ForEurope andIsrael, andAustra-
lia AIT models)
Oxygen sensor(Except forEurope andIsrael, andAustralia

AIT
models)

EC-25

ENGINEANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
Distributor Ignition(DI)System
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALLINE

Camshaft positionsensor
Mass airflow sensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor
Throttle position sensor
Vehicle speedsensor
Ignition switch

*1
Knock sensor
Neutral position/Inhibitor switch
Battery
*1: Except forEurope andIsrael Engine
speedandpiston position
Amount ofintake air
Engine coolant temperature
Throttle position
Throttle valveidleposition
Vehicle speed
Start signal
Engine knocking
Gear position
Battery voltage ECM
(ECCS
control
module) Power
transistor
•

Tp

(msec)

1.75

~ 1.50

.~

~ 1.25

"S
0.

C
1.00
o

. ~ 0.75

E
A

N

600 1,000 1,4001,8002,200

Engine speed(rpm) SEF742M
SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION

The ignition timingiscontrolled bythe ECM tomaintain thebest
air-fuel ratioforevery running condition ofthe engine.
The ignition timingdataisstored inthe ECM. Thisdata forms
the map shown.
The ECM receives information suchasthe injection pulsewidth
and camshaft positionsensorsignal.Computing thisinforma-
tion, ignition signals aretransmitted tothe power transistor .
e.g., N:1,800 rpm,Tp:1.50 msec
AOBTDC
During thefollowing conditions, theignition timingisrevised by
the ECM according tothe other datastored inthe ECM.
• Atstarting
• During warm-up
• Atidle
• Hot engine operation
• During acceleration
• During high-load operation (VTCon)-GA 16DE except for
Europe andIsrael
Except forEurope andIsrael
The knock sensor retardsystem isdesigned onlyforemergen-
cies. Thebasic ignition timingisprogrammed withintheanti-
knocking zone,ifrecommended fuelisused under drycondi-
tions. Theretard system doesnotoperate undernormal driv-
ing conditions.
If engine knocking occurs,theknock sensor monitors thecon-
dition. Thesignal istransmitted tothe ECM (ECCS control mod-
ule). TheECM retards theignition timingtoeliminate theknock-
ing condition.

EC-27

ENGINEANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION ~
Air Conditioning CutControl
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALLINE

Air conditioner switch
Neutral position/Inhibitor switch
Throttle position sensor
Camshaft positionsensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor
Ignition switch
Vehicle speedsensor
Power steering oilpressure switch Air
conditioner "ON"signal
Neutral position
Throttle
valve
opening angle
Engine speed
Engine coolant temperature
Start signal
Vehicle speed
Power steering loadsignal ECM
(ECCS
control
module) Air
conditioner
relay

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This system improves acceler8.tion whentheairconditioner isused.
When theaccelerator pedalisfully depressed, theairconditioner isturned offfor afew seconds.

Fuel CutControl (atnoload
&
high engine
speed)
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALLINE

Vehicle speedsensor
Neutral position/Inhibitor switchVehicle
speed
Neutral position
Throttle position sensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor
Camshaft positionsensor Throttle
position
Engine coolant temperature
Engine speed ECM
(ECCS
control
module) Injectors
If the engine speedisabove 2,500rpmwith noload (for
example, inneutral andengine speedover2,500 rpm)fuelwill
be cut offafter some time.Theexact timewhen thefuel iscut
off varies basedonengine speed.
Fuel cutwill operate untiltheengine speedreaches 2,000rpm,
then fuelcutiscancelled.

NOTE:
This function isdifferent thandeceleration controllistedunder
"Multiport FuelInjection (MFI)System" onEC-24.
EC-28

BASICSERVICE PROCEDURE
Idle Speedllgnition TiminglldleMixtureRatio
Adjustment
PREPARATION
• Make surethatthefollowing partsarein
good order.
(1) Battery
(2) Ignition system
(3) Engine oiland coolant levels
(4) Fuses
(5) ECM harness connector
(6) Vacuum hoses
(7) Airintake system
(Oil filler cap,oillevel gauge, etc.)
(8) Fuel pressure
(9)' Engine compression
(10) Throttle valve
(11) EGR valve operation -For Europe and
Israel andAustralia, andGA15DE M/Tmod-
els
Overall inspection sequence

INSPECTION
(12)
Evaporative emissionsystem
• On models equipped withairconditioner,
checks shouldbecarried outwhile theair
conditioner is"OFF".
• On models equipped withautomatic
transaxle, whenchecking idlespeed, ignition
timing andmixture ratio,checks shouldbe
carried outwhile shiftlever isin
"N"
position.
• When measuring
"CO"
percentage, insert
probe morethan40cm (15.7 in)into tailpipe .•
• Turn offheadlamps, heaterblower, rear
defogger.
• Keep frontwheels pointed straight ahead.
• Make thecheck afterthecooling fanhas
stopped.

Perform diagnostic testmode
1/

(Self-diagnostic results).
Check
&
adjust ignition timing.
Check
&
adjust idlespeed. NG
Repair orreplace.
Check oxygen sensor*1 function.

OK
Check
oxygen sensor*1 har-
ness.
Check CO%.

NG
NG
Repair orreplace harness.
OK Replace oxygensensor*1.
INSPECTION END Check
emission controlparts NGCheck oxygen sensor*1 function. OK
and repair orreplace ifneces-
sary.
*1: Heated oxygen sensor(ForEurope andIsrael, andAustralia AfTmodels)
Oxygen sensor(Except forEurope andIsrael, andAustralia AfTmodels)

EC-35

SEF217M
•

START
Visually checkthefollowing:
• Air cleaner clogging
• Hoses andducts forleaks
• Electrical connectors
• Gasket
• Throttle valveandthrottle position sensoroperation

m
Start engine andwarm itup until water temperature
indicator pointstothe middle ofgauge.
Ensure enginestaysbelow 1,000rpm.

iii
Open engine hoodandrunengine atabout 2,000rpm
for about 2minutes underno-load.

[iJ
Perform ECMon-board diagnostic system(Diagnostic
test mode II).
OK lNG
Repair orreplace components asneces-
sary.

I!]
1

Run engine atabout 2,000rpmforabout 2minutes
under no-load.
Race engine twoorthree times under no-load, thenrun
engine forabout 1minute atidle speed.

~

BASIC
SERVICE PROCEDURE
eM]

Idle Speed/Ignition Timing/IdleMixtureRatio
Adjustment (Cont'd)
SEF247F
SEF455Q
MALFUNCTION INDICATORLAMP
SEF248F
EC-37

l

Ii
1)
Turn offengine anddisconnect throttle
position sensorharness connector.
2) Start engine.
Race engine (2,000-3,000 rpm)2or 3times
under no-load andthen runengine atidle
speed.

Ii
Check ignition timingwithatiming light.

Ignition timing:RefertoEC-36.
OK
lNG

Adjust ignition timingtothe specified valueby
turning distributor afterloosening boltswhich
secure distributor.

Ignition timing:RefertoEC-36.

(])

@

l

[!1
1)Turn offengine anddisconnect throttle
position sensorharness connector.
2) Start engine.

~

@
BASIC
SERVICE PROCEDURE
@]

Idle Speed/Ignition Timing/ldleMixtureRatio
Adjustment (Cont'd)
@
SEF695L EC-38