starting NISSAN ALMERA N16 2003 Electronic User Guide

EC-24
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
ECM memory. The program value is preset by engine operating conditions. These conditions are determined
by input signals (for engine speed and intake air) from the crankshaft position sensor (POS), the camshaft
position sensor (PHASE) and the mass air flow sensor.
VARIOUS FUEL INJECTION INCREASE/DECREASE COMPENSATION
In addition, the amount of fuel injected is compensated to improve engine performance under various operat-
ing conditions as listed below.

●During warm-up
●When starting the engine
●During acceleration
●Hot-engine operation
●When selector lever is changed from “N” to “D” (A/T models)
●High-load, high-speed operation

●During deceleration
●During high engine speed operation
MIXTURE RATIO FEEDBACK CONTROL (CLOSED LOOP CONTROL)
The mixture ratio feedback system provides the best air-fuel mixture ratio for driveability and emission control.
The three way catalyst (manifold) can then better reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions. This system uses
heated oxygen sensor 1 in the exhaust manifold to monitor if the engine operation is rich or lean. The ECM
adjusts the injection pulse width according to the sensor voltage signal. For more information about heated
oxygen sensor 1, refer to EC-155
. This maintains the mixture ratio within the range of stoichiometric (ideal air-
fuel mixture).
This stage is referred to as the closed loop control condition.
Heated oxygen sensor 2 is located downstream of the three way catalyst (manifold). Even if the switching
characteristics of heated oxygen sensor 1 shift, the air-fuel ratio is controlled to stoichiometric by the signal
from heated oxygen sensor 2.
Open Loop Control
The open loop system condition refers to when the ECM detects any of the following conditions. Feedback
control stops in order to maintain stabilized fuel combustion.
●Deceleration and acceleration
●High-load, high-speed operation
●Malfunction of heated oxygen sensor 1 or its circuit
●Insufficient activation of heated oxygen sensor 1 at low engine coolant temperature
●High engine coolant temperature
●During warm-up
●After shifting from “N” to “D” (A/T models)
●When starting the engine
MIXTURE RATIO SELF-LEARNING CONTROL
The mixture ratio feedback control system monitors the mixture ratio signal transmitted from heated oxygen
sensor 1. This feedback signal is then sent to the ECM. The ECM controls the basic mixture ratio as close to
the theoretical mixture ratio as possible. However, the basic mixture ratio is not necessarily controlled as orig-
PBIB0121E

EC-26
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The ignition timing is controlled by the ECM to maintain the best air-
fuel ratio for every running condition of the engine. The ignition tim-
ing data is stored in the ECM. This data forms the map shown.
The ECM receives information such as the injection pulse width and
camshaft position sensor signal. Computing this information, ignition
signals are transmitted to the power transistor.
e.g., N: 1,800 rpm, Tp: 1.50 msec
A°BTDC
During the following conditions, the ignition timing is revised by the
ECM according to the other data stored in the ECM.
●At starting
●During warm-up
●At idle
●At low battery voltage
●During acceleration
The knock sensor retard system is designed only for emergencies. The basic ignition timing is programmed
within the anti-knocking zone, if recommended fuel is used under dry conditions. The retard system does not
operate under normal driving conditions. If engine knocking occurs, the knock sensor monitors the condition.
The signal is transmitted to the ECM. The ECM retards the ignition timing to eliminate the knocking condition.
Air Conditioning Cut ControlEBS00K37
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
*1: These signals are sent to the ECM through CAN communication line.
*2: ECM determines the start signal status by the signals of engine speed and battery voltage.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This system improves engine operation when the air conditioner is used.
Under the following conditions, the air conditioner is turned off.
●When the accelerator pedal is fully depressed.
●When cranking the engine.
●At high engine speeds.
●When the engine coolant temperature becomes excessively high.
●When operating power steering during low engine speed or low vehicle speed.
●When engine speed is excessively low.
●When refrigerant pressure is excessively low or high.
SEF742M
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Air conditioner switch*
1Air conditioner “ON” signal
Air conditioner
cut controlAir conditioner relay Throttle position sensor Throttle valve opening angle
Crankshaft position sensor (POS)
Camshaft position sensor (PHASE)Engine speed
*2
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Battery
Battery voltage
*2
Refrigerant pressure sensor Refrigerant pressure
Power steering pressure sensor Power steering operation
Vehicle speed signal
*1Vehicle speed

EC-52
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEM
codes can be identified by using the CONSULT-II or GST. A DTC will be used as an example for how to read a
code.
A particular trouble code can be identified by the number of four-digit numeral flashes. The “zero” is indicated
by the number of ten flashes. The length of time the 1,000th-digit numeral flashes on and off is 1.2 seconds
consisting of an ON (0.6-second) - OFF (0.6-second) cycle.
The 100th-digit numeral and lower digit numerals consist of a 0.3-second ON and 0.3-second OFF cycle.
A change from one digit numeral to another occurs at an interval of 1.0-second OFF. In other words, the later
numeral appears on the display 1.3 seconds after the former numeral has disappeared.
A change from one trouble code to another occurs at an interval of 1.8-second OFF.
In this way, all the detected malfunctions are classified by their DTC numbers. The DTC “0000” refers to no
malfunction. (See EC-10, "
INDEX FOR DTC" )
How to Erase Diagnostic Test Mode II (Self-diagnostic Results)
The DTC can be erased from the back up memory in the ECM by depressing accelerator pedal. Refer to EC-
51, "HOW TO SWITCH DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE" .
●If the battery is disconnected, the DTC will be lost from the backup memory after approx 24 hours.
●Be careful not to erase the stored memory before starting trouble diagnoses.
DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE II — HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1 MONITOR
In this mode, the MI displays the condition of the fuel mixture (lean or rich) which is monitored by the heated
oxygen sensor 1.
*: Maintains conditions just before switching to open loop.
To check the heated oxygen sensor 1 function, start engine in the Diagnostic Test Mode II and warm it up until
engine coolant temperature indicator points to the middle of the gauge.
Next run engine at about 2,000 rpm for about 2 minutes under no-load conditions. Then make sure that the MI
comes ON more than 5 times within 10 seconds with engine running at 2,000 rpm under no-load.
OBD System Operation ChartEBS00K3K
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MI, 1ST TRIP DTC, DTC, AND DETECTABLE ITEMS
●When a malfunction is detected for the first time, the 1st trip DTC and the 1st trip freeze frame data are
stored in the ECM memory.
●When the same malfunction is detected in two consecutive trips, the DTC and the freeze frame data are
stored in the ECM memory, and the MI will come on. For details, refer to EC-36, "
Two Trip Detection
Logic" .
SEF952W
MI Fuel mixture condition in the exhaust gas Air fuel ratio feedback control condition
ON Lean
Closed loop system
OFF Rich
*Remains ON or OFF Any condition Open loop system

EC-82
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
14 RCamshaft position sensor
(PHASE)[Engine is running]
●Warm-up condition
●Idle speed1.0 - 4.0V
[Engine is running]
●Engine speed is 2,000 rpm.1.0 - 4.0V
15 W Knock sensor[Engine is running]
●Idle speedApproximately 2.5V
16 W Heated oxygen sensor 2[Engine is running]
●Warm-up condition
●Engine speed is 3,000 rpm quickly after the
following conditions are met.
●Keeping the engine speed between 3,500
and 4,000 rpm for one minute and at idle
for one minute under no load.0 - Approximately 1.0V
19 GY/LEVAP canister purge
volume control solenoid
valve[Engine is running]
●Idle speedBATTERY VOLTAGE
(11 - 14V)
[Engine is running]
●Engine speed is about 2,000 rpm (More
than 100 seconds after starting engine).Approximately 10V TERMI-
NAL
NO.WIRE
COLORITEM CONDITION DATA (DC Voltage)
PBIB0525E
PBIB0526E
PBIB0050E
PBIB0520E

EC-92
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
THRTL SEN 1 [V]××●The throttle position sensor signal volt-
age is displayed.
THRTL SEN 2 [V]×
INT/A TEMP SE
[°C] or [°F]××
●The intake air temperature (determined
by the signal voltage of the intake air
temperature sensor) is indicated.
START SIGNAL
[ON/OFF]××
●Indicates [ON/OFF] condition of the
starter signal computed from the signals
of the crankshaft position sensor (POS),
camshaft position sensor (PHASE) and
battery voltage.
●After starting the engine, [OFF] is
displayed regardless of the starter
signal.
CLSD THL POS
[ON/OFF]××
●Indicates idle position [ON/OFF] com-
puted by ECM according to the acceler-
ator pedal position sensor signal.
AIR COND SIG
[ON/OFF]××
●Indicates [ON/OFF] condition of the air
conditioner switch as determined by the
air conditioner signal.
P/N POSI SW
[ON/OFF]××
●Indicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
park/neutral position (PNP) switch sig-
nal.
PW/ST SIGNAL
[ON/OFF]××
●[ON/OFF] condition of the power steer-
ing oil pressure switch as determined by
the power steering oil pressure signal is
indicated.
LOAD SIGNAL
[ON/OFF]××
●Indicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
electrical load signal.
ON ... Rear window defogger switch is
ON and/or lighting switch is in 2nd posi-
tion.
OFF ... Both rear window defogger
switch and lighting switch are OFF.
IGNITION SW
[ON/OFF]×
●Indicates [ON/OFF] condition from igni-
tion switch.
HEATER FAN SW
[ON/OFF]×
●Indicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
heater fan switch signal.
BRAKE SW
[ON/OFF]×
●Indicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
stop lamp switch signal.
INJ PULSE-B1
[msec]×
●Indicates the actual fuel injection pulse
width compensated by ECM according
to the input signals.●When the engine is stopped, a
certain computed value is indi-
cated.
IGN TIMING
[BTDC]×
●Indicates the ignition timing computed
by ECM according to the input signals.●When the engine is stopped, a
certain value is indicated.
CAL/LD VALUE [%]
●“Calculated load value” indicates the
value of the current airflow divided by
peak airflow.
MASS AIRFLOW
[g·m/s]
●Indicates the mass airflow computed by
ECM according to the signal voltage of
the mass air flow sensor. Monitored item
[Unit]ECM
INPUT
SIG-
NALSMAIN
SIG-
NALSCAN
DIAG
SUP-
PORT
MNTRDescription Remarks

EC-240
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
DTC P0340 CMP SENSOR (PHASE)
DTC P0340 CMP SENSOR (PHASE)
PFP:23731
Component DescriptionEBS00K8C
The camshaft position sensor (PHASE) senses the retraction with
intake valve camshaft to identify a particular cylinder. The camshaft
position sensor (PHASE) senses the piston position.
When the crankshaft position sensor (POS) system becomes inoper-
ative, the camshaft position sensor (PHASE) provides various con-
trols of engine parts instead, utilizing timing of cylinder identification
signals.
The sensor consists of a permanent magnet and Hall IC.
When engine is running, the high and low parts of the teeth cause
the gap with the sensor to change.
The changing gap causes the magnetic field near the sensor to
change.
Due to the changing magnetic field, the voltage from the sensor changes.
On Board Diagnosis LogicEBS00K8D
DTC Confirmation ProcedureEBS00K8E
NOTE:
If “DTC Confirmation Procedure” has been previously conducted, always turn ignition switch “OFF” and wait at
least 10 seconds before conducting the next test.
TESTING CONDITION:
Before performing the following procedure, confirm that battery voltage is more than 10.5V with igni-
tion switch “ON”.
WITH CONSULT-II
1. Turn ignition switch “ON”.
2. Select “DATA MONITOR” mode with CONSULT-II.
3. Crank engine for at least 2 seconds and run it for at least 5 sec-
onds at idle speed.
4. If 1st trip DTC is detected, go to EC-242, "
Diagnostic Procedure"
.
If 1st trip DTC is not detected, go to next step.
5. Maintain engine speed at more than 800 rpm for at least 5 sec-
onds.
6. If 1st trip DTC is detected, go to EC-242, "
Diagnostic Procedure"
.
WITH GST
Follow the procedure “WITH CONSULT-II” above.
PBIB0562E
DTC No. Trouble diagnosis name DTC detecting condition Possible cause
P0340
0340Camshaft position sensor
(PHASE) circuit
●The cylinder No. signal is not sent to ECM
for the first few seconds during engine
cranking.
●The cylinder No. signal is not set to ECM
during engine running.
●The cylinder No. signal is not in the normal
pattern during engine running.
●Harness or connectors
(The sensor circuit is open or shorted.)
●Camshaft position sensor (PHASE)
●Camshaft (Intake)
●Starter motor (Refer to SC-13.)
●Starting system circuit (Refer to SC-13.)
●Dead (Weak) battery
SEF013Y

EC-242
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
DTC P0340 CMP SENSOR (PHASE)
Specification data are reference values and are measured between each terminal and ground.
CAUTION:
Do not use ECM ground terminals when measuring input/output voltage. Doing so may result in dam-
age to the ECM's transistor. Use a ground other than ECM terminals, such as the ground.
: Average voltage for pulse signal (Actual pulse signal can be confirmed by oscilloscope.)
Diagnostic ProcedureEBS00K8G
1. CHECK STARTING SYSTEM
Turn ignition switch to “START” position.
Ye s o r N o
Yes >> GO TO 2.
No >> Check starting system. (Refer to SC-13.)
2. RETIGHTEN GROUND SCREWS
1. Turn ignition switch “OFF”.
2. Loosen and retighten engine ground screws.
>> GO TO 3.
TERMI-
NAL
NO.WIRE
COLORITEM CONDITION DATA (DC Voltage)
14 RCamshaft position
sensor (PHASE)[Engine is running]
●Warm-up condition
●Idle speed1.0 - 4.0V
[Engine is running]
●Engine speed is 2,000 rpm.1.0 - 4.0V
29 BCamshaft position
sensor (PHASE)
ground[Engine is running]
●Idle speedApproximately 0V
PBIB0525E
PBIB0526E
Does the engine turn over?
Does the starter motor operate?
MBIB0095E

EC-254
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
DTC P0444 EVAP CANISTER PURGE VOLUME CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE
Specification data are reference values and are measured between each terminal and ground.
CAUTION:
Do not use ECM ground terminals when measuring input/output voltage. Doing so may result in dam-
age to the ECM's transistor. Use a ground other than ECM terminals, such as the ground.
: Average voltage for pulse signal (Actual pulse signal can be confirmed by oscilloscope.)
Diagnostic ProcedureEBS00K8S
1. CHECK EVAP CANISTER PURGE VOLUME CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE POWER SUPPLY CIR-
CUIT
1. Turn ignition switch “OFF”.
2. Disconnect EVAP canister purge volume control solenoid valve
harness connector.
3. Turn ignition switch “ON”.
4. Check voltage between EVAP canister purge volume control
solenoid valve terminal 1 and ground with CONSULT-II or tester.
OK or NG
OK >> GO TO 3.
NG >> GO TO 2.
TER-
MINAL
NO.WIRE
COLORITEM CONDITION DATA (DC Voltage)
19 GY/LEVAP canister purge
volume control solenoid
valve[Engine is running]
●Idle speedBATTERY VOLTAGE
(11 - 14V)
[Engine is running]
●Engine speed is about 2,000 rpm (More than
100 seconds after starting engine).Approximately 10V
PBIB0050E
PBIB0520E
MBIB0113E
Voltage: Battery voltage
PBIB0148E

EC-314
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
DTC P1146 HO2S2
4. CHECK HO2S2 INPUT SIGNAL CIRCUIT FOR OPEN AND SHORT
1. Check harness continuity between ECM terminal 16 and HO2S2 terminal 2.
Refer to Wiring Diagram.
2. Check harness continuity between ECM terminal 16 or HO2S2 terminal 2 and ground.
Refer to Wiring Diagram.
3. Also check harness for short to power.
OK or NG
OK >> GO TO 5.
NG >> Repair open circuit or short to ground or short to power in harness or connectors.
5. CHECK HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 2
Refer to EC-314, "
Component Inspection" .
OK or NG
OK >> GO TO 6.
NG >> Replace heated oxygen sensor 2.
6. CHECK INTERMITTENT INCIDENT
Refer to EC-109, "
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR INTERMITTENT INCIDENT" .
>>INSPECTION END
Component InspectionEBS00KB1
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 2
With CONSULT-II
1. Start engine and warm it up to the normal operating temperature.
2. Turn ignition switch ″OFF″ and wait at least 10 seconds.
3. Start engine and keep the engine speed between 3,500 and 4,000 rpm for at least one minute under no
load.
4. Let engine idle and wait until 2 minutes have passed from starting the engine.
5. Select “FUEL INJECTION” in “ACTIVE TEST” mode, and select
“HO2S2 (B1)” as the monitor item with CONSULT-II.Continuity should exist.
Continuity should not exist.
SEF662Y

EC-356
[QG (WITH EURO-OBD)]
DTC P1706 PNP SWITCH
DTC P1706 PNP SWITCH
PFP:32006
Component DescriptionEBS00KCE
When the shift lever position is “P” (A/T models only) or “N”, park/neutral position (PNP) switch is “ON”.
ECM detects the position because the continuity of the line (the “ON” signal) exists.
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor ModeEBS00KCF
Specification data are reference values.
On Board Diagnosis LogicEBS00KCG
DTC Confirmation ProcedureEBS00KCH
CAUTION:
Always drive vehicle at a safe speed.
NOTE:
If “DTC Confirmation Procedure” has been previously conducted, always turn ignition switch “OFF” and wait at
least 10 seconds before conducting the next test.
WITH CONSULT-II
1. Turn ignition switch “ON”.
2. Select “P/N POSI SW” in “DATA MONITOR” mode with CON-
SULT-II. Then check the “P/N POSI SW” signal under the follow-
ing conditions.
If NG, go to EC-359, "
Diagnostic Procedure" .
If OK, go to following step.
3. Select “DATA MONITOR” mode with CONSULT-II.
4. Start engine and warm it up to normal operating temperature.
5. Maintain the following conditions for at least 60 consecutive sec-
onds.
6. If 1st trip DTC is detected, go to EC-359, "
Diagnostic Procedure"
.
MONITOR ITEM CONDITION SPECIFICATION
P/N POSI SW
●Ignition switch: ONShift lever:
P or N (A/T models)
Neutral (M/T models)ON
Shift lever: Except above OFF
DTC No. Trouble diagnosis name DTC detecting condition Possible cause
P1706
1706Park/neutral position switchThe signal of the park/neutral position (PNP)
switch is not changed in the process of
engine starting and driving.
●Harness or connectors
(PNP switch circuit is open or shorted.)
●Park/neutral position (PNP) switch
Position (Selector lever) Known-good signal
“P” (A/T models only) and “N” position ON
Except the above position OFF
ENG SPEED 1,200 - 6,000 rpm (A/T models)
1,300 - 6,000 rpm (M/T models)
COOLAN TEMP/S More than 70°C (158°F)
B/FUEL SCHDL More than 3.0 msec
VHCL SPEED SE More than 46 km/h (30 MPH)
Selector lever Suitable position
SEF212Y
SEF213Y