horn NISSAN ALMERA TINO 2001 Service Repair Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: NISSAN, Model Year: 2001, Model line: ALMERA TINO, Model: NISSAN ALMERA TINO 2001Pages: 3051, PDF Size: 46.38 MB
Page 1733 of 3051

Electrical Components Inspection ...........................164
WARNING CHIME.......................................................165
Component Parts and Harness Connector
Location ...................................................................165
System Description ..................................................165
Wiring Diagram - CHIME - ......................................166
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................170
FRONT WIPER AND WASHER..................................176
System Description ..................................................176
Wiring Diagram - WIPER - ......................................178
Removal and Installation .........................................182
Washer Nozzle Adjustment .....................................183
Washer Tube Layout ...............................................183
REAR WIPER AND WASHER....................................184
Wiring Diagram - WIP/R -........................................184
Removal and Installation .........................................188
Washer Nozzle Adjustment .....................................188
Washer Tube Layout ...............................................189
HEADLAMP WASHER................................................190
Wiring Diagram - HLC - ...........................................190
Washer Tube Layout ...............................................192
HORN...........................................................................193
Wiring Diagram - HORN - .......................................193
CIGARETTE LIGHTER................................................195
Wiring Diagram - CIGAR -.......................................195
CLOCK.........................................................................196
Wiring Diagram - CLOCK -......................................196
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER.....................................198
System Description ..................................................198
Wiring Diagram - DEF - ...........................................199
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................203
Electrical Components Inspection ...........................205
Filament Check ........................................................206
Filament Repair .......................................................207
AUDIO..........................................................................208
System Description ..................................................208
Schematic ................................................................210
Wiring Diagram - AUDIO - .......................................212
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................230
Inspection.................................................................232
AUDIO ANTENNA.......................................................233
Location of Antenna .................................................233
Antenna Rod Replacement .....................................233
HEATED SEAT............................................................234
Wiring Diagram - H/SEAT - .....................................234
POWER SUNROOF.....................................................238
Wiring Diagram - SROOF - .....................................238
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................240
DOOR MIRROR...........................................................241
Wiring Diagram - MIRROR - ...................................241
POWER WINDOW.......................................................245
System Description ..................................................245Schematic ................................................................247
Wiring Diagram - WINDOW - ..................................248
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................256
POWER DOOR LOCK.................................................257
Component Parts and Harness Connector
Location/LHD Models ..............................................257
System Description/LHD Models .............................257
Schematic/LHD Models ...........................................258
Wiring Diagram - D/LOCK -/LHD Models................260
Trouble Diagnoses/LHD Models..............................272
POWER DOOR LOCK - SUPER LOCK -...................281
System Description/RHD Models ............................281
Schematic/RHD Models...........................................284
Wiring Diagram - S/LOCK -/RHD Models ...............286
Trouble Diagnoses/RHD Models .............................300
MULTI-REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM.......................314
System Description ..................................................314
Wiring Diagram - MULTI - .......................................315
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................319
ID Code Entry Procedure ........................................324
Remote Controller Battery Replacement.................325
TIME CONTROL UNIT................................................326
Description ...............................................................326
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................327
Schematic ................................................................330
NATS (NISSAN ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM).....................334
Component Parts and Harness Connector
Location ...................................................................334
System Description ..................................................334
System Composition ................................................335
Schematic ................................................................336
Wiring Diagram - NATS -.........................................338
CONSULT-II .............................................................346
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................349
How to Replace NATS IMMU ..................................369
NAVIGATION SYSTEM...............................................370
Precautions ..............................................................370
Component Parts Location ......................................370
System Description ..................................................370
Schematic ................................................................379
Wiring Diagram - NAVI - ..........................................381
Self-diagnosis Mode ................................................401
Confirmation/Adjustment Mode ...............................404
Control Panel Mode .................................................416
Guide Volume Setting ..............................................423
Anti-theft System .....................................................424
CONSULT-II .............................................................425
Trouble Diagnoses...................................................426
This Condition Is Not Abnormal...............................432
Program Loading .....................................................441
ELECTRICAL UNITS LOCATION...............................442
Engine Compartment ...............................................442
CONTENTS(Cont'd)
EL-2
Page 1924 of 3051

Wiring Diagram Ð HORN ÐNLEL0460MODELS WITH FUSE AND FUSIBLE LINK BOX E43NLEL0460S01
YEL908B
HORN
Wiring Diagram Ð HORN Ð
EL-193
Page 1925 of 3051

MODELS WITH FUSE AND FUSIBLE LINK BOX E90NLEL0460S02
YEL431C
HORN
Wiring Diagram Ð HORN Ð (Cont'd)
EL-194
Page 2256 of 3051

NLEL0311
Use the chart below to find out what each wiring
diagram code stands for.
Refer to the wiring diagram code in the alphabetical
index to find the location (page number) of each
wiring diagram.
Code Section Wiring Diagram Name
A/C, M HA Manual Air Conditioner
A/CCUT EC Air Conditioner Control
AAC/V EC IDLE AIR CONTROL VALVE (IACV)
Ð AUXIUARY AIR CONTROL
(AAC) VALVE
AACVLV EC Idle Air Control Valve (IACV) Ð
Auxiuary Air Control (AAC) Valve
ABS BR Anti-lock Brake System
APS EC Accelerator Position Sensor
ATCONT EC A/T Control line
ATDIAG EC A/T Diagnosis Communication Line
AUDIO EL Audio
BACK/L EL Back-up Lamp
BRK/SW EC Brake Switch
CHARGE SC Charging System
CHIME EL Warning Chime
CIGAR EL Cigarette Lighter
CKPS EC Crankshaft Position Sensor
CLOCK EL Clock
CMPS EC Camshaft Position Sensor (CMPS)
COOL/F EC Cooling Fan Motor
D/LOCK EL Power Door Lock
DEF EL Rear Window Defogger
DTRL EL Headlamp Ð Daytime Light System
ECMRLY EC ECM Relay
ECTS EC Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
(ECTS)
EGR/TS EC EGR Temperature Sensor
EGRC/V EC EGR Volume Control Valve
EGRC1 EC EGR Function (Close)
EGRSYS EC EGR Function
EGVC/V EC EGR Volume Control Valve
ENGSS AT Engine Speed Signal
F/FOG EL Front Fog Lamp
F/PUMP EC Fuel Pump
FPS AT CVT Fluid Pressure Sensor
Code Section Wiring Diagram Name
FRO2 EC Heated Oxygen Sensor 1 (Front)
FRO2/H EC Heated Oxygen Sensor 1 Heater
(Front)
FTS AT CVT Fluid Temperature Sensor
FUEL EC Fuel Injection System Function
GLOW EC Glow Control System
H/AIM EL Headlamp Ð Headlamp Aiming
Control Ð
H/LAMP EL Headlamp
H/SEAT EL Heated Seat
HEATER HA Heater System
HLC EL Headlamp Washer
HORN EL Horn
IATS EC Intake Air Temperature Sensor
IATSEN EC Intake Air Temperature Sensor
IGN/SG EC Ignition Signal
IGNSYS EC Ignition Signal
ILL EL Illumination
INJECT EC Injector
INJPMP EC Injection Pump (Fuel Temperature
Sensor)
INT/L EL Spot and Laggage Room Lamps
IVC EC Intake Valve Timing Control Sole-
noid Valve
IVC/V EC Intake Valve Timing Control Sole-
noid Valve
KS EC Knock Sensor (KS)
LOAD EC Electrical Load Signal
LPS AT Line Pressure Sensor
LPSV AT Line Pressure Solenoid Valve
MAFS EC Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAFS)
MAIN AT Main Power Supply and Ground Cir-
cuit
MAIN EC Main Power Supply and Ground Cir-
cuit
METER EL Meter and Gauges
MIL/DL EC MIL and Data Link Connectors
MIRROR EL Door Mirror
MULTI EL Multi-remote Control System
NATS EL NATS (Nissan Anti-Theft System)
NAVI EL Navigation System
WIRING DIAGRAM CODES (CELL CODES)
EL-525
Page 2699 of 3051

Engine control component parts
location ................................ EC-26, 560, 1071
Engine control module (ECM) ........ EC-358, 880
Engine control system diagram and
chart .................................... EC-32, 566, 1076
Engine coolant temperature sensor
(ECTS) .............................. EC-169, 694, 1150
Engine fail-safe system .................. EC-123, 647
Engine oil precautions .................................. GI-7
Engine outer component parts ........... EM-12, 82
Engine removal ........................ EM-49, 130, 218
Engine room - See Engine
compartment .......................................... BT-66
Engine serial number ................................. GI-39
Evaporative emission (EVAP)
system ........................................... EC-39, 573
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
valve ........... EC-310, 393, 446, 834, 921, 975
Exhaust system ................................... FE-11, 23
Exterior ...................................................... BT-38
F
F/PUMP - Wiring diagram ............. EC-518, 1034
FR02 - Wiring diagram .. EC-187, 207, 216, 415,
712, 732, 741, 945
FR02/H - Wiring diagram ............... EC-223, 422,
748, 952
FUEL - Wiring diagram ... EC-271, 279, 794, 802
Fan switch ................................................. HA-61
Final drive (FF M/T) ...................... MT-47, 63, 77
Finisher, interior - See Trim ....................... BT-28
Finisher, trunk lid ....................................... BT-31
Floor trim ................................................... BT-28
Fluids ........................................................ MA-20
Flywheel (clutch) ....................................... CL-22
Flywheel runout ........................ EM-60, 142, 235
Fog lamp, front, removal and
installation ................................................ BT-7
Fog lamp, front .......................................... EL-95
Fork rod (M/T) ..................................... MT-26, 64
Freeze frame data .............. EC-61, 71, 585, 596
Front axle .................................................... AX-2
Front bumper ............................................... BT-7
Front combination lamp removal and
installation ................................................ BT-7
Front disc brake ........................................ BR-24
Front door .................................................. BT-13
Front fog lamp removal and
installation ................................................ BT-7
Front fog lamp ........................................... EL-95
Front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S)
heater .......................... EC-221, 421, 746, 951
Front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) ..... EC-184,
192, 198, 204, 214, 414, 709,
717, 723, 729, 739, 944Front seat belt ............................................. RS-5
Front seat .................................................. BT-46
Front suspension ........................................ SU-2
Front washer ............................................ EL-176
Front wiper ............................................... EL-176
Fuel cut control (at no load & high
engine speed) ..................... EC-39, 573, 1081
Fuel gauge ............................................... EL-130
Fuel injection system ............. EC-269, 277, 792,
800, 1079
Fuel injector .................................. EC-494, 1021
Fuel precautions ........................................... GI-8
Fuel pressure check ......................... EC-43, 577
Fuel pressure regulator .................... EC-44, 578
Fuel pressure release ....................... EC-43, 577
Fuel pump relay ............................ EC-516, 1032
Fuel pump ..................................... EC-516, 1032
Fuel system ........................................... FE-5, 15
Fuel tank vacuum relief valve ........... EC-40, 574
Fuse block ............................................... EL-527
Fuse ........................................................... EL-32
Fusible link ................................................. EL-32G
GLOW - Wiring diagram ....................... EC-1267
Garage jack and safety stand .................... GI-43
Gauges .................................................... EL-130
Gear components (M/T) ..................... MT-25, 63
Generator - See Alternator ....................... SC-28
Generic scan tool (GST) ................... EC-93, 617
Glass .......................................................... BT-14
Glow plug .............................................. EC-1267
Glow relay ............................................. EC-1267
Grease ...................................................... MA-20
Ground distribution .............................. EL-33, 48
H
H/LAMP - Wiring diagram .......................... EL-69
HEATER - Wiring diagram ........................ HA-23
HFC134a (R134a) system
precaution ................................................ HA-2
HFC134a (R134a) system service
procedure .............................................. HA-85
HFC134a (R134a) system service
tools ....................................................... HA-10
HFC134a system service equipment
precaution ................................................ HA-6
HORN - Wiring diagram .......................... EL-193
HSEAT - Wiring diagram ......................... EL-234
Harness connector ...................................... EL-5
Harness layout ......................................... EL-452
Hazard warning lamp .............................. EL-101
Headlamp removal and installation ............. BT-7
Headlamp washer .................................... EL-190
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
IDX-4
Page 2700 of 3051

Headlamp .................................................. EL-69
Headlining - See Roof trim ........................ BT-35
Heated oxygen sensor (HO2S)
(front) . EC-184, 192, 198, 204, 214, 414, 709,
717, 723, 729, 739, 944
Heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) heater
(front) .......................... EC-221, 421, 746, 951
Heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) heater
(rear) ........................... EC-263, 433, 786, 963
Heated oxygen sensor (rear) . EC-227, 237, 246,
256, 426, 752, 761, 770, 779, 956
Heated seat ............................................. EL-234
Height (Dimensions) ................................... GI-41
Hood ............................................................ BT-7
Horn ......................................................... EL-193
How to erase DTC for OBD system .. EC-69, 71,
594, 596, 1096
I
IACV-AAC valve ............. EC-343, 466, 863, 995
IATS - Wiring diagram .... EC-163, 409, 689, 939
IGN/SG - Wiring diagram ................ EC-501, 903
ILL - Wiring diagram ................................ EL-109
INJECT - Wiring diagram .............. EC-495, 1022
IVC - Wiring diagram ...................... EC-362, 476
Identification plate ...................................... GI-39
Idle air control (IAC) system .......... EC-343, 466,
863, 995
Idle air control valve (IACV) ........... EC-343, 466,
863, 995
Idle speed ........................................ EC-46,1111
Ignition coil .................................... EC-907, 1010
Ignition control system ............................ EC-500
Ignition timing ............................................ EC-46
Ignition wire inspection ........................... EC-814
Illumination ............................................... EL-107
Injection nozzle ..................................... EC-1083
Injector removal and installation ....... EC-44, 578
Input shaft (FF M/T) ..................... MT-34, 63, 68
Instrument panel ........................................ BT-22
Intake air temperature sensor ........ EC-161, 407,
687, 937
Intake valve timing control solenoid
valve ............................................ EC-360, 475
Interior lamp on-off control ....................... EL-117
Interior lamp ............................................. EL-116
Interior ........................................................ BT-28
J
Jacking points ............................................ GI-43
Joint connector (J/C) ............................... EL-531
Junction box (J/B) .................................... EL-527
K
KS - Wiring diagram ............................... EC-292
Keyless entry system - See Multi-re-
mote control system ............................. EL-314
Knock sensor (KS) ................. EC-291, 815, 816
Knuckle spindle ........................................... AX-5
L
LOAD - Wiring diagram ................ EC-536, 1051
Length (Dimensions) .................................. GI-41
License lamp ............................................. EL-87
Lifting points ............................................... GI-44
Line pressure test (A/T) ............................. AT-52
Liquid gasket application .............. EM-5, 76, 158
Location of electrical units ....................... EL-442
Lock, door .................................................. BT-18
Lubricant (R134a) A/C .............................. HA-87
Lubricants ................................................. MA-20
Lubrication circuit (engine) .............. LC-4, 24, 43
M
M/T major overhaul ............................. MT-24, 62
M/T removal and installation ..................... MT-18
MAFS - Wiring diagram ........ EC-156, 682, 1143
MAIN - Wiring diagram ......... EC-146, 671, 1136
MIL & Data link connectors circuit ......... EC-545,
1060
MIL/DL - Wiring diagram .... EC-545, 1060, 1303
MIRROR - Wiring diagram ...................... EL-241
Magnet clutch ............................................ HA-90
Mainshaft (M/T) ............................ MT-39, 63, 73
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) .............. EC-73,
598, 1097
Manual air conditioner - Wiring
diagram .................................................. HA-27
Manual transaxle number .......................... GI-40
Mass air flow sensor (MAFS) ................ EC-154,
679, 1143
Master cylinder (clutch) ............................. CL-11
Meter ........................................................ EL-130
Mirror defogger ........................................ EL-198
Mirror, door ................................................ BT-63
Misfire ............................................. EC-285, 808
Mode door control linkage
adjustment ............................................. HA-48
Model variation ........................................... GI-37
Molding - See Exterior ............................... BT-38
Multi-remote control system .................... EL-314
Multiport fuel injection (MFI) system . EC-35, 569
Multiport fuel injection precautions ............... GI-6
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
IDX-5
Page 2716 of 3051

CHECKING RADIATORNLLC0017S04Check radiator for mud or clogging. If necessary, clean radiator as
follows.
+Be careful not to bend or damage the radiator fins.
+When radiator is cleaned without removal, remove all sur-
rounding parts such as cooling fan, radiator shroud and horns.
Then tape the harness and connectors to prevent water from
entering.
1. Apply water by hose to the back side of the radiator core ver-
tically download.
2. Apply water again to all radiator core surfaces once per
minute.
3. Stop washing if any stains no longer flow out from the radia-
tor.
4. Blow air into the back side of radiator core vertically download.
+Use compressed air lower than 490 kPa (4.9 bar, 5 kg/cm
2,71
psi) and keep distance more than 30 cm (11.8 in).
5. Blow air again into all the radiator core surfaces once per
minute until no water sprays out.
SLC613-A
CHECKING RADIATOR CAPNLLC0017S03To check radiator cap, apply pressure to cap with a tester.
Radiator cap relief pressure:
Standard
78-98kPa
(0.78 - 0.98 bar, 0.8 - 1.0 kg/cm
2, 11 - 14 psi)
Limit
59-98kPa
(0.59 - 0.98 bar, 0.6 - 1.0 kg/cm
2,9-14psi)
SMA967B
Pull the negative pressure valve to open it.
Check that it closes completely when released.
SLC756AA
CHECKING COOLING SYSTEM FOR LEAKSNLLC0017S02To check for leakage, apply pressure to the cooling system with a
tester.
Testing pressure:
157 kPa (1.57 bar, 1.6 kg/cm
2, 23 psi)
CAUTION:
Higher pressure than specified may cause radiator damage.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMQG
System Check (Cont'd)
LC-13
Page 2736 of 3051

CHECKING RADIATORNLLC0133S03Check radiator for mud or clogging. If necessary, clean radiator as
follows.
+Be careful not to bend or damage the radiator fins.
+When radiator is cleaned without removal, remove all sur-
rounding parts such as cooling fan, rediator shroud and horns.
Then tape the harness and connectors to prevent water from
entering.
1. Apply water by hose to the back side of the radiator core ver-
tically download.
2. Apply water again to all radiator core surfaces once per
minute.
3. Stop washing if any stains no longer flow out from the radia-
tor.
4. Blow air into the back side of radiator core vertically download.
+Use compressesd air lower than 490 kPa (5 kg/cm
2, 71 psi)
and keep distance more than 30 cm (11.8 in).
5. Blow air again into all the radiator core surfaces once per
minute until no water sprays out.
SLC613-A
CHECKING RADIATOR CAPNLLC0133S04To check radiator cap, apply pressure to cap with a tester.
Radiator cap relief pressure:
Standard
78 - 98 kPa (0.8 - 1.0 kg/cm
2, 11 - 14 psi)
Limit
59 - 98 kPa (0.6 - 1.0 kg/cm
2,9-14psi)
SMA967B
Pull the negative pressure valve to open it.
Check that it closes completely when released.
SLC266B
Water Pump
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATIONNLLC01271. Drain coolant from radiator.
2. Remove cylinder block drain plug located at left front of cylin-
der block and drain coolant.
3. Remove front RH wheel and engine side cover.
4. Remove drive belts. Refer to EM-86, ªChecking Drive Beltsº.
5. Remove RH engine mounting. Refer to EM-131, ªENGINE
REMOVALº.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMSR
System Check (Cont'd)
LC-33
Page 2757 of 3051

System CheckNLLC0054WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot; serious
burns could be caused by high pressure fluid escaping from
the radiator.
Wrap a thick cloth around the cap and carefully remove it by
turning it a quarter turn to allow built-up pressure to escape
and then turn the cap all the way off.
CHECKING COOLING SYSTEM HOSESNLLC0054S01Check hoses for improper attachment, leaks, cracks, damage,
loose connections, chafing and deterioration.
CHECKING RADIATORNLLC0054S02Check radiator for mud or clogging. If necessary, clean radiator as
follows.
+Be careful not to bend or damage the radiator fins.
+When radiator is cleaned without removal, remove all sur-
rounding parts such as cooling fan, radiator shroud and horns.
Then tape the harness and connectors to prevent water from
entering.
1. Apply water by hose to the back side of the radiator core ver-
tically downward.
2. Apply water again to all radiator core surfaces once per
minute.
3. Stop washing if any stains no longer flow out from the radia-
tor.
4. Blow air into the back side of radiator core vertically downward.
+Use compressed air lower than 490 kPa (4.9 bar, 5 kg/cm
2,71
psi) and keep distance more than 30 cm (11.8 in).
5. Blow air again into all the radiator core surfaces once per
minute until no water sprays out.
SLC755AC
CHECKING RADIATOR CAPNLLC0054S03To check radiator cap, apply pressure to cap with a tester.
Radiator cap relief pressure:
Standard
78-98kPa
(0.78 - 0.98 bar, 0.8 - 1.0 kg/cm
2, 11 - 14 psi)
Limit
59-98kPa
(0.59 - 0.98 bar, 0.6 - 1.0 kg/cm
2,9-14psi)
SMA967B
Pull the negative pressure valve to open it.
Check that it closes completely when released.
+Check the radiator cap negative pressure valve for contamina-
tion or damage to the valve seat.
+Move the negative pressure valve to check for abnormalities to
the opening/shutting operation.
CAUTION:
+Be sure to perform the inspections after cooling down the
engine.
+Before connecting the radiator cap to the tester, apply
water or LLC to the cap sealing.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
System Check
LC-54
Page 2769 of 3051

NLMA0036
Shown below are Pre-delivery Inspection Items required for the new vehicle. It is recommended that
necessary items other than those listed here be added, paying due regard to the conditions in each
country.
Perform applicable items on each model. Consult text of this section for specifications.
UNDER HOOD — engine off
Radiator coolant level and coolant hose connections for leaks
Battery fluid level, specific gravity and conditions of battery terminals
Drive belts tension
Fuel filter for water or dusts (Diesel only), and fuel lines and connections for leaks
Engine oil level and oil leaks
Clutch and brake reservoir fluid level and fluid lines for leaks
Windshield and rear window washer and headlamp cleaner reservoir fluid level
Power steering reservoir fluid level and hose connections for leaks
ON INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
Remove front spring/strut spacer (If applicable)
Operation of all instruments, gauges, lights and accessories
Operation of horn(s), wiper and washer
Steering lock for operation
Check air conditioner for gas leaks
Front and rear seats, and seat belts for operation
All moldings, trims and fittings for fit and alignment
All windows for operation and alignment
Hood, trunk lid, door panels for fit and alignment
Latches, keys and locks for operation
Weatherstrips for adhesion and fit
Headlamp aiming
Tighten wheel nuts (Inc. inner nuts if applicable)
Tire pressure (Inc. spare tire)
Check front wheels for toe-in
Install clock/voltmeter/room lamp fuse (If applicable)
Install deodorizing filter to air conditioner (If applicable)
Remove wiper blade protectors (If applicable)
UNDER BODY
Manual transmission/transaxle, transfer and differential gear oil level
Brake and fuel lines and oil/fluid reservoirs for leaks
Tighten bolts and nuts of steering linkage and gear box, suspension, propeller shafts and drive shafts
Tighten rear body bolts and nuts (Models with wooden bed only)
ROAD TEST
Clutch operation
Parking brake operation
Service brake operation
Automatic transmission/transaxle shift timing and kickdown
Steering control and returnability
Engine performance
Squeaks and rattles
ENGINE OPERATING AND HOT
Adjust idle speed
Automatic transmission/transaxle fluid level
Engine idling and stop knob operation (Diesel only)
FINAL INSPECTION
Install necessary parts (outside mirror, wheel covers, seat belts, mat, carpet or mud flaps)
Inspect for interior and exterior metal and paint damage
Check for spare tire, jack, tools (wheel chock), and literature
Wash, clean interior and exterior
: Not applicable to this model
PRE-DELIVERY INSPECTION ITEMS
MA-2