E gine NISSAN FRONTIER 2023 Repair Manual

• When the climate system is in automaticoperation and the engine coolant tem-
perature and outside air temperature
are low, the air flow outlet may default to
defroster mode for approximately 2 min-
utes 30 seconds. This is not a malfunc-
tion. Af ter the engine coolant tempera-
ture warms up, the air flow outlet will
return to foot mode and operation will
continue normally.
• When the outside and interior cabin tem- peratures are moderate to high, the in-
take setting may default to turn off air
recirculation to allow fresh air into the
passenger compartment. You may no-
tice air flow from the foot mode, bi-level
mode, or side demist vent outlets for a
maximum of 15 seconds. This may occur
when previous climate setting was sys-
tem off. This is not a malfunction. Af ter
the initial warm air is expelled, the intake
will return to automatic control, air flow
outlet will return to previous settings, and
operation will continue normally. To exit,
press any climate control button.
• Keep the windows closed while the air conditioner is in operation. • If you feel that the air flow mode you have
selected and the outlets the air is coming
out do not match, select the
mode.
• When you change the air flow mode, you may feel air flow from the foot outlets for
just a moment. This is not a malfunction.
• When the ignition is placed in the ON po- sition, in some fogging or high cabin
temp conditions, air may flow automati-
cally to the foot outlets for 3 to 7 seconds
to purge the hot air in the system. The air conditioner system in your NISSAN
vehicle is charged with a refrigerant de-
signed with the environment in mind.
This refrigerant does not harm the
earth's ozone layer.
Special charging equipment and lubricant
is required when servicing your NISSAN air
conditioner. Using improper refrigerants or
lubricants will cause severe damage to
your air conditioner system. For additional
information, see “Air conditioner system
refrigerant and oil recommendations”
(P. 10-8).
It is recommended that you visit a NISSAN
dealer to service your “environmentally
friendly” air conditioning system.
WARNING
The
air conditioner system contains re-
frigerant under high pressure. To avoid
personal injury, any air conditioner ser-
vice should be done only by an experi-
enced technician with proper equipment.
SERVICING AIR CONDITIONER
Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-43

ROOF MOUNTED ANTENNA
The antenna is located on the rear part of
the vehicle roof.
CAUTION
• A build up of ice on the antenna can
affect radio performance. Remove
the ice to restore radio reception.
• When removing snow from the roof,
do not apply strong force to the an-
tenna. That might break the antenna
and dent the roof panel.
• When using a high pressure car wash,
keep the high pressure nozzle away
from the antenna. The seal may be
deformed or damaged.
• The radio performance may be af-
fected if cargo carried on the roof
blocks the radio signal. If possible, do
not put cargo near the antenna. When installing a CB, ham radio or car
phone in your vehicle, be sure to observe
the following precautions; otherwise, the
new equipment may adversely affect the
engine control system and other electronic
parts.
WARNING
• A cellular phone should not be used
for any purpose while driving so full
attention may be given to vehicle op-
eration. Some jurisdictions prohibit
the use of cellular phones while
driving.
• If you must make a call while your
vehicle is in motion, the hands free
cellular phone operational mode is
highly recommended. Exercise ex-
treme caution at all times so full at-
tention may be given to vehicle
operation.
• If you are unable to devote full atten-
tion to vehicle operation while talk-
ing on the phone, pull off the road to
a safe location and stop your vehicle.
CAUTION
• Keep the antenna as far away as pos-
sible from the electronic control
modules.
• Keep the antenna wire more than 8 in
(20 cm) away from the electronic
control system harnesses. Do not
route the antenna wire next to any
harness.
• Adjust the antenna standing-wave
ratio as recommended by the
manufacturer.
• Connect the ground wire from the CB
radio chassis to the body.
• For additional information, it is rec-
ommended that you visit a NISSAN
dealer for servicing.
ANTENNA CAR PHONE OR CB RADIO
4-44Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems

5 Starting and driving
Precautions when starting and driving..........5-4
Exhaust gas (carbon monoxide) ..............5-4
Three-way catalyst ...........................5-5
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) .......................................5-5
On-pavement and off-road driving
precautions ..................................5-9
Avoiding collision and rollover ................5-9
Off-roadrecovery ............................5-9
Rapid air pressure loss ......................5-10
Drinking alcohol/drugs and driving ...........5-11
Driving safety precautions ....................5-11
Push-button ignition switch ....................5-13
Operating range ............................ 5-14
Push-button ignition switch positions .......5-14
Emergency engine shut off ..................5-15
NISSAN Intelligent Key® battery
discharge ................................... 5-16
NISSAN Vehicle Immobilizer System .........5-16
Before starting the engine .....................5-17
Starting the engine ............................. 5-17
Remote Engine Start (if so equipped) ........5-18
Driving the vehicle .............................. 5-18
Engine protection mode ....................5-18
Automatic transmission (A/T) ...............5-19Parking brake
.................................. 5-24
Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) (if so equipped) . . . 5-24 System operation ........................... 5-25
Turning the Traffic Sign Recognition
(TSR) system on and off .....................5-26
System temporarily unavailable .............5-26
System malfunction ......................... 5-26
System maintenance .......................5-27
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) (if so
equipped) ...................................... 5-27
LDW system operation ......................5-28
How to enable/disable the LDW system .....5-29
LDW system limitations .....................5-30
System temporarily disabled ................5-31
System malfunction ......................... 5-31
System maintenance ....................... 5-31
Blind Spot Warning (BSW) (if so equipped) .......5-32
BSW system operation ......................
5-34
How

to enable/disable the BSW system .....5-34
BSW system limitations .....................5-35
BSW driving situations .......................5-36
System temporarily unavailable .............5-40
System maintenance ....................... 5-41
Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) (if so equipped) . . 5-42 RCTA system operation .....................5-43

System malfunction........................ 5-102
System maintenance ......................5-103
Intelligent Driver Alertness (I-DA) ...............5-104
Intelligent Driver Alertness system
operation .................................. 5-105
How to enable/disable the Intelligent
Driver Alertness (I-DA) system ..............5-106
Intelligent Driver Alertness (I-DA)
system limitations ......................... 5-107
Break-in schedule ............................. 5-107
Fuel efficient driving tips .......................5-108
Increasing fuel economy ......................5-109
Using 4–wheel drive (4WD)
(if so equipped) ................................ 5-109
Transfer case shif ting procedures ..........5-110
Electronic locking rear differential (E-Lock)
system (if so equipped) ........................ 5-115
Parking/parking on hills .......................5-116
Power steering ................................. 5-117
Brake system ................................. 5-118
Brake precautions .......................... 5-118
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) .............5-118
Active Brake Limited Slip (ABLS) system .......5-120 Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC) system
........5-121
Brake force distribution ....................5-122
Hill descent control system (if so equipped) . . . 5-123
Hill start assist system ........................5-124
Rear Sonar System (RSS) (if so equipped) ......5-124
System operation .......................... 5-125
How to enable/disable the RSS .............5-127
Sonar limitations ........................... 5-128
System temporarily unavailable ............5-128
System maintenance ......................5-128
Idling Stop System (if so equipped) ............5-129
Retrograde movement control function ....5-131
Idling Stop System display ..................5-131
Idling Stop OFF switch ......................5-133
Cold weather driving .......................... 5-134
Freeing a frozen door lock ..................5-134
Antifreeze .................................. 5-134
Battery..................................... 5-134
Draining of coolant water ..................5-134
Tire equipment ............................. 5-134
Special winter equipment ..................5-135
Driving on snow or ice ......................5-135
Engine block heater (if so equipped) ........5-135

WARNING
• Do not leave children or adults who
would normally require the assis-
tance of others alone in your vehicle.
Pets should also not be lef t alone.
They could accidentally injure them-
selves or others through inadvertent
operation of the vehicle. Also, on hot,
sunny days, temperatures in a closed
vehicle could quickly become high
enough to cause severe or possibly
fatal injuries to people or animals.
• Properly secure all cargo with ropes
or straps to help prevent it from slid-
ing or shif ting. Do not place cargo
higher than the seatbacks. In a sud-
den stop or collision, unsecured
cargo could cause personal injury.
EXHAUST GAS (carbon monoxide)
WARNING
• Do not breathe exhaust gases; they
contain colorless and odorless car-
bon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is
dangerous. It can cause uncon-
sciousness or death. •
If you suspect that exhaust fumes
are entering the vehicle, drive with all
windows fully open, and have the ve-
hicle inspected immediately.
• Do not run the engine in closed
spaces such as a garage.
• Do not park the vehicle with the en-
gine running for any extended length
of time.
• Keep the rear vent windows, lif t-
gates, doors and trunk lids (if so
equipped) closed while driving, oth-
erwise exhaust gases could be
drawn into the passenger compart-
ment. If you must drive with one of
these open, follow these precau-
tions:
1. Open all the windows.
2. Set the
air recirculation but-
ton to off and the fan control dial
to high to circulate the air.
• If electrical wiring or other cable con-
nections must pass to a trailer
through the seal on the lif tgate or the
body, follow the manufacturer's rec-
ommendation to prevent carbon
monoxide entry into the vehicle. •
The exhaust system and body should
be inspected by a qualified mechanic
whenever:
a. The vehicle is raised for service.
b. You suspect that exhaust fumes are entering into the passenger
compartment.
c. You notice a change in the sound of the exhaust system.
d. You have had an accident involv- ing damage to the exhaust sys-
tem, underbody, or rear of the
vehicle.
• If a special body, camper, or other
equipment is added for recreational
or other usage, follow the manufac-
turer's recommendation to prevent
carbon monoxide entry into the ve-
hicle. Do not occupy these areas
while the engine is running even if
the vehicle is parked. Some recre-
ational vehicle appliances such as
stoves, refrigerators, heaters, etc.
may also generate carbon monoxide.
PRECAUTIONS WHEN STARTING AND
DRIVING
5-4Starting and driving

THREE-WAY CATALYST
The three-way catalyst is an emission con-
trol device installed in the exhaust system.
Exhaust gases in the three-way catalyst
are burned at high temperatures to help
reduce pollutants.
WARNING
•
The exhaust gas and the exhaust sys-
tem are very hot. Keep people, animals
or flammable materials away from the
exhaust system components.
• Do not stop or park the vehicle over
flammable materials such as dry
grass, waste paper or rags. They may
ignite and cause a fire.
CAUTION
• Do not use leaded gasoline. Deposits
from leaded gasoline will seriously
reduce the three-way catalyst's abil-
ity to help reduce exhaust pollutants. •
Keep your engine tuned up. Malfunc-
tions in the ignition, fuel injection, or
electrical systems can cause overrich
fuel flow into the three-way catalyst,
causing it to overheat. Do not keep
driving if the engine misfires, or if no-
ticeable loss of performance or other
unusual operating conditions are de-
tected. Have the vehicle inspected
promptly. It is recommended that
you visit a NISSAN dealer for this
service.
• Avoid driving with an extremely low
fuel level. Running out of fuel could
cause the engine to misfire, damag-
ing the three-way catalyst.
• Do not race the engine while warm-
ing it up.
• Do not push or tow your vehicle to
start the engine.
TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING
SYSTEM (TPMS)
Each tire, including the spare (if provided),
should be checked monthly when cold and
inflated to the inflation pressure recom-
mended by the vehicle manufacturer on
the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure
label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different
size than the size indicated on the vehicle
placard or tire inflation pressure label, you
should determine the proper tire inflation
pressure for those tires.)
As an added safety feature, your vehicle
has been equipped with a Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) that illuminates
a low tire pressure telltale when one or
more of your tires is significantly under-
inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire
pressure telltale illuminates, you should
stop and check all your tires as soon as
possible, and inflate them to the proper
pressure. Driving on a significantly under-
inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and
can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also
reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life,
and may affect the vehicle’s handling and
stopping ability.
Starting and driving5-5

FCC Notice:
For USA:
This device complies with Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the fol-
lowing two conditions: (1) This device
may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interfer-
ence received, including interference
that may cause undesired operation.
NOTE:Changes or modifications not expressly
approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's au-
thority to operate the equipment.
For Canada:
This device contains license-exempt
transmitter(s)/receiver(s) that comply
with Innovation, Science and Economic
Development Canada’s licence-exempt
RSS(s). Operation is subject to the fol-
lowing two conditions: (1) This device
may not cause interference. (2) This de-
vice must accept any interference, in-
cluding interference that may cause un-
desired operation of the device.
TPMS with Easy-Fill Tire Alert
WARNING
Af ter rotating the tires, do not use the
Easy-Fill Tire Alert to adjust the tire
pressure. Instead use a gauge to adjust
the tires to the correct pressure in ac-
cordance with Tire and Loading infor-
mation label.
When adding air to an under-inflated tire,
the TPMS with Easy-Fill Tire Alert provides
visual and audible signals outside the ve-
hicle to help you inflate the tires to the rec-
ommended COLD tire pressure.
Vehicle set-up
1. Park the vehicle in a safe and level place.
2. Apply the parking brake and place the shif t lever in the P (Park) position.
3. Place the ignition switch in the ON posi- tion. Do not start the engine.
Operation
1. Add air to the tire.
2. Af ter a few seconds, the hazard indica- tors will start flashing. 3. When the designated pressure is
reached, the horn beeps once and the
hazard indicators stop flashing.
4. Perform the above steps for each tire. • If the tire is over-inflated more thanapproximately 4 psi (30 kPa), the horn
beeps and the hazard indicators flash
three times. To correct the pressure,
push the core of the valve stem on the
tire briefly to release pressure. When
the pressure reaches the designated
pressure, the horn beeps once.
• If the hazard indicator does not flash within approximately 15 seconds af ter
starting to inflate the tire, it indicates
that the Easy-Fill Tire Alert is not
operating.
•
The TPMS will not activate the Easy-Fill
Tire Alert under the following conditions:
– If there is interference from an exter- nal device or transmitter.
– The air pressure from the inflation device is not sufficient to inflate the
tire.
– There is a malfunction in the TPMS.
– There is a malfunction in the horn or hazard indicators.
– The identification code of the tire pressure sensor is not registered to
the system.
5-8Starting and driving

DRINKING ALCOHOL/DRUGS AND
DRIVING
WARNING
Never drive under the influence of alco-
hol or drugs. Alcohol in the blood-
stream reduces coordination, delays
reaction time and impairs judgement.
Driving af ter drinking alcohol increases
the likelihood of being involved in an
accident injuring yourself and others.
Additionally, if you are injured in an ac-
cident, alcohol can increase the sever-
ity of the injury.
NISSAN is committed to safe driving. How-
ever, you must choose not to drive under the
influence of alcohol. Every year thousands of
people are injured or killed in alcohol-related
collisions. Although the local laws vary on
what is considered to be legally intoxicated,
the fact is that alcohol affects all people dif-
ferently and most people underestimate the
effects of alcohol.
Remember, drinking and driving don't mix!
That is true for drugs (over-the-counter,
prescription) and illegal drugs, too. Don't
drive if your ability to operate your vehicle is
impaired by alcohol, drugs, or some other
physical condition.
DRIVING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Your NISSAN is designed for both normal
and off-road use. However, avoid driving in
deep water or mud as your NISSAN is
mainly designed for leisure use, unlike a
conventional off-road vehicle.
Remember that 2-Wheel Drive models are
less capable than 4-Wheel Drive (4WD)
models for rough road driving and extrica-
tion when stuck in deep snow or mud, or
the like.
Please observe the following precautions:
WARNING
• Drive carefully when off the road and
avoid dangerous areas. Every person
who drives or rides in this vehicle
should be seated with their seat belt
fastened. This will keep you and your
passengers in position when driving
over rough terrain.
• Do not drive across steep slopes. In-
stead drive either straight up or
straight down the slopes. Off-road
vehicles can tip over sideways much
more easily than they can forward or
backward. •
Many hills are too steep for any ve-
hicle. If you drive up them, you may
stall. If you drive down them, you may
not be able to control your speed. If
you drive across them, you may roll
over.
• Do not shif t gears while driving on
downhill grades as this could cause
loss of control of the vehicle.
• Stay alert when driving to the top of a
hill. At the top there could be a drop-
off or other hazard that could cause
an accident.
• If your engine stalls or you cannot
make it to the top of a steep hill,
never attempt to turn around. Your
vehicle could tip or roll over. Always
back straight down in R (Reverse)
gear. Never back down in N (Neutral),
using only the brake, as this could
cause loss of control.
• Heavy braking going down a hill
could cause your brakes to overheat
and fade, resulting in loss of control
and an accident. Apply brakes lightly
and use a low gear to control your
speed.
Starting and driving5-11

•Unsecured cargo can be thrown
around when driving over rough ter-
rain. Properly secure all cargo so it
will not be thrown forward and cause
injury to you or your passengers.
• To avoid raising the center of gravity
excessively, do not exceed the rated
capacity of the roof rack (if so
equipped) and evenly distribute the
load. Secure heavy loads in the cargo
area as far forward and as low as
possible. Do not equip the vehicle
with tires larger than specified in this
manual. This could cause your ve-
hicle to roll over.
• Do not grip the inside or spokes of
the steering wheel when driving off-
road. The steering wheel could move
suddenly and injure your hands. In-
stead drive with your fingers and
thumbs on the outside of the rim.
• Before operating the vehicle, ensure
that the driver and all passengers
have their seat belts fastened.
• Always drive with the floor mats (if so
equipped) in place as the floor may
become hot. •
Lower your speed when encounter-
ing strong crosswinds. With a higher
center of gravity, your NISSAN is more
affected by strong side winds. Slower
speeds ensure better vehicle control.
• Do not drive beyond the perfor-
mance capability of the tires, even
with 4WD engaged (if so equipped).
• For 4WD equipped vehicles, do not
attempt to raise two wheels off the
ground and shif t the transmission to
any drive or reverse position with the
engine running. Doing so may result
in drivetrain damage or unexpected
vehicle movement which could result
in serious vehicle damage or per-
sonal injury. •
Do not attempt to test a 4WD
equipped vehicle on a 2-wheel dyna-
mometer (such as the dynamom-
eters used by some states for emis-
sions testing), or similar equipment
even if the other two wheels are
raised off the ground. Make sure you
inform test facility personnel that
your vehicle is equipped with 4WD
before it is placed on a dynamom-
eter. Using the wrong test equipment
may result in drivetrain damage or
unexpected vehicle movement
which could result in serious vehicle
damage or personal injury.
• Accelerating quickly, sharp steering
maneuvers or sudden braking may
cause loss of control.
• If at all possible, avoid sharp turning
maneuvers, particularly at high
speeds. Your NISSAN 4WD vehicle has
a higher center of gravity than a pas-
senger car. The vehicle is not de-
signed for cornering at the same
speeds as passenger cars. Failure to
operate this vehicle correctly could
result in loss of control and/or a roll-
over accident.
5-12Starting and driving

•Always use tires of the same type,
size, brand, construction (bias, bias-
belted, or radial), and tread pattern
on all four wheels. Install tire chains
on the rear wheels when driving on
slippery roads and drive carefully.
• Be sure to check the brakes immedi-
ately af ter driving in mud or water.
For additional information, see “Wet
brakes” (P. 5-118).
• Avoid parking your vehicle on steep
hills. If you get out of the vehicle and
it rolls forward, backward or side-
ways, you could be injured.
• Whenever you drive off-road through
sand, mud or water as deep as the
wheel hub, more frequent mainte-
nance may be required. For addi-
tional information, see “Maintenance
under severe operating conditions”
(P. 9-7).
WARNING
Do not operate the push-button igni-
tion switch while driving the vehicle ex-
cept in an emergency. (The engine will
stop when the ignition switch is pushed
three consecutive times in quick suc-
cession or the ignition switch is pushed
and held for more than 2 seconds.) If
the engine stops while the vehicle is
being driven, this could lead to a crash
and serious injury. When the ignition switch is pushed without
depressing the brake pedal, the ignition
switch position will illuminate as follows:
Push center:
• Once to change to ACC.
• Two times to change to ON.
• Three times to return to OFF.
The ignition switch will automatically re-
turn to the LOCK position when any door is
either opened or closed with the switch in
the OFF position.
When the ignition switch cannot be placed
in the OFF position, proceed as follows:
1. Move the shif t lever to the P (Park)
position.
2. Push the ignition switch. The ignition switch position will change to the ON
position.
3. Push the ignition switch again to the OFF position.
The shif t lever can be moved from the P
(Park) position if the ignition switch is in
the ON position and the brake pedal is
depressed.
If the battery of the vehicle is discharged,
the ignition switch cannot be moved
from the LOCK position.
LSD2645
PUSH-BUTTON IGNITION SWITCH
Starting and driving5-13