wheel torque NISSAN X-TRAIL 2005 Service User Guide

TF-12
ALL MODE 4X4 SYSTEM

4WD MODE SWITCH
AUTO Mode

Electronic control allows optimal distribution of torque to front/rear wheels to match road conditions.

4WD mode makes possible stable driving, with no wheel spin, on snowy roads or other slippery surfaces.

On roads which do not require 4WD, AUTO mode contributes to improved fuel economy by driving in con-
ditions close to front-wheel drive.

Sensor inputs determine the vehicle's turning condition, and tight cornering/braking are controlled by dis-
tributing optimum torque to rear wheels.
LOCK Mode

Front/rear wheel torque distribution is fixed, ensuring stable driving when climbing slopes.

Vehicle will switch automatically to AUTO mode if vehicle speed increases. If vehicle speed then
decreases, the vehicle automatically returns to direct 4-wheel driving conditions.

LOCK mode will change to AUTO mode automatically, when the vehicle speed exceeds approx. 30 km/h
(19 MPH). The LOCK indicator light keeps illuminating.
NOTE:
If there is a significant difference in pressure or wear between tires, full vehicle performance is not available.
LOCK mode may be prohibited, or speeds at which LOCK mode is enabled may be restricted detecting tire
conditions.
2WD Mode
Vehicle is in front-wheel drive.
NOTE:

If front wheels are slipping in 2WD mode, do not switch to AUTO or LOCK. This can cause difficulties for
the system.

Even if the 4WD mode switch is in 2WD mode, the 4WD control unit occasionally automatically change to
AUTO mode depending on the driving condition (For example; Depressing the acceleration firmly). This is
not malfunction. However, 4WD indicator lamp dose not illuminate.
4WD INDICATOR LAMP AND LOCK INDICATOR LAMP
The following is the indications of indicator lamp.
4WD WARNING LAMP
Turns ON when there is a malfunction in 4WD system. It indicates that the vehicle is in fail-safe mode and
change to front-wheel drive or shifting driving force-4WD (Rear-wheels still have some driving torque).
Also turns ON when ignition switch is turned ON, for purpose of lamp check. Turns OFF approximately for 1
seconds after the engine starts if system is normal.
4WD Warning Lamp Indication
Condition 4WD indicator lamp LOCK indicator lamp
AUTO mode ON OFF
LOCK mode ON ON
2WD mode OFF OFF
Lamp check Turns ON for approx. 1 second when ignition switch is turned ON.
SDIA2298E
Condition 4WD warning lamp
Lamp checkTurns ON when ignition switch is turned ON. Turns OFF
approx. 1 seconds after engine start.
4WD system malfunctionON
Protection function is activated due to heavy load to electric con-
trolled coupling. (4WD system is not malfunctioning and 4WD system
changes to 2WD mode.)Rapid flashing: 2 times/second
(Flashing in approx. 1 minute and then turning OFF.)

TF-14
ALL MODE 4X4 SYSTEM

COMPONENTS FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
CAN CommunicationEDS0027K
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
CAN (Controller Area Network) is a serial communication line for real time application. It is an on-vehicle mul-
tiplex communication line with high data communication speed and excellent error detection ability. Many elec-
tronic control units are equipped onto a vehicle, and each control unit shares information and links with other
control units during operation (not independent). In CAN communication, control units are connected with 2
communication lines (CAN H line, CAN L line) allowing a high rate of information transmission with less wiring.
Each control unit transmits/receives data but selectively reads required data only.
CAN Communication UnitEDS002XA
Component parts Function
4WD control unit

Controls driving force distribution by signals from each sensor and switch from front wheel driving
mode (100:0) to 4WD mode (50:50).

2WD mode is available by fail-safe function if malfunction is detected in electrical system.
Wheel sensors Detects wheel speed.
4WD solenoid Controls electric controlled coupling by operation signal from 4WD control unit.
Electric controlled coupling Transmits driving force to rear final drive.
4WD mode switch Able to select from 2WD, AUTO or LOCK mode.
4WD warning lamp

Illuminates if malfunction is detected in electrical system of 4WD system.

There is 1 blink in 2 seconds if rotation difference of front wheels and rear wheels is large.

There are 2 blinks in 1 second if load is still applied to driving parts.
4WD indicator lamp Indicate operation with optimal distribution of torque to front/rear wheels.
LOCK indicator lamp Indicate that 4WD system is under direct 4-wheel driving mode.
ABS actuator and electric unit
(control unit) (without ESP) or
ESP/TCS/ABS control unit (with
ESP)Transmits the following signals via CAN communication to 4WD control unit.

Vehicle speed signal

Stop lamp switch signal (brake signal)
ECMTransmits the following signals via CAN communication to 4WD control unit.

Accelerator pedal position signal

Engine speed signal
Unified meter control unit Transmits conditions of parking brake switch via CAN communication to 4WD control unit.
Body typeWagon
Axle4WD
Engine YD22DDTi QR20DE/QR25DE YD22DDTi QR25DE
Transmission M/T A/T M/T A/T
Brake control ABS ESP
CAN system type 123456

TF-20
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS

TROUBLE DIAGNOSISPFP:00004
Fail-Safe FunctionEDS001VE

If any malfunction occurs in 4WD electrical system, and control unit detects the malfunction, 4WD warning
lamp on combination meter turns ON to indicate system malfunction.

When 4WD warning lamp is ON, vehicle changes to front-wheel drive or shifting driving force-4WD (Rear-
wheels still have some driving torque).
How to Perform Trouble DiagnosisEDS001VF
BASIC CONCEPT

To perform trouble diagnosis, it is the most important to have understanding about vehicle systems (con-
trol and mechanism) thoroughly.

It is also important to clarify customer complaints before inspec-
tion.
First of all, reproduce symptoms, and understand them fully.
Ask customer about his/her complaints carefully. In some cases,
it will be necessary to check symptoms by driving vehicle with
customer.
CAUTION:
Customers are not professional. It is dangerous to make an
easy guess like "maybe the customer means that...," or
"maybe the customer mentions this symptom".

It is essential to check symptoms right from the beginning in
order to repair malfunctions completely.
For intermittent malfunctions, reproduce symptoms based on
interview with customer and past examples. Do not perform
inspection on ad hoc basis. Most intermittent malfunctions are
caused by poor contacts. In this case, it will be effective to shake
suspected harness or connector by hand. When repairing with-
out any symptom diagnosis, you cannot judge if malfunctions
have actually been eliminated.

After completing diagnosis, always erase diagnostic memory.
Refer to TF-33, "
How to Erase Self-diagnostic Results" .

For intermittent malfunctions, move harness or harness connec-
tor by hand. Then check for poor contact or reproduced open circuit.
SEF233G
SEF234G

PR-2
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH) TROUBLESHOOTING

NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH) TROUBLESHOOTINGPFP:00003
NVH Troubleshooting ChartEDS0027A
Use the chart below to help you find the cause of the symptom. If necessary, repair or replace these parts.
×: ApplicableReference page
—
PR-6—
—
—
PR-3—
NVH in RFD section
NVH in FAX, RAX, FSU, and RSU section
NVH in WT section
NVH in WT section
NVH in FAX and RAX section
NVH in BR section
NVH in PS section
Possible cause and SUSPECTED PARTS
Uneven rotating torque
Center bearing improper installation
Excessive center bearing axial end play
Center bearing mounting (insulator) cracks, damage or deterioration
Excessive joint angle
Rotation imbalance
Excessive runout
DIFFERENTIAL
AXLE AND SUSPENSION
TIRES
ROAD WHEEL
DRIVE SHAFT
BRAKES
STEERING
SymptomNoise××××××××××××××
Shake× × ××××××
Vibration××××××× ×× × ×

FRONT WHEEL HUB AND KNUCKLE
FAX-7
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FRONT WHEEL HUB AND KNUCKLEPFP:40202
On-Vehicle InspectionEDS0005R
Inspect to check that there is no excessive play, cracking, wear, or
other damage to front axle.

Turn front wheels (left/right) and check the play.

Check that no nails or other foreign objects are embedded.

Retighten all axle nuts and bolts to the specified torque.
FRONT WHEEL BEARINGS
With the vehicle raised, inspect the following.

Move wheel hub in the axial direction by hand. Check that there is no looseness of front wheel bearings.

Rotate wheel hub and check that there is no unusual noise or other irregular conditions. If there are any
irregular conditions, replace the wheel bearing.
Removal and InstallationEDS0005S
REMOVAL
1. Remove tyre. Remove brake hose lock plate from strut.
2. Remove brake caliper from steering knuckle. Hang it in a place where it will not interfere with work. Refer
to BR-27, "
FRONT DISC BRAKE" .
CAUTION:
Avoid depressing the brake pedal with brake caliper removed.
3. Remove wheel sensor from steering knuckle. Refer to BRC-116, "
WHEEL SENSORS" .
CAUTION:
Do not pull on wheel sensor harness.
SMA525A
Axial end play : 0.05 mm (0.002 in)
1. Steering knuckle 2. Splash guard 3. Wheel bearing assembly
4. Snap ring 5. Wheel hub 6. Hub bolt
7. Cotter pin
SDIA0131E

FAX-8
FRONT WHEEL HUB AND KNUCKLE

4. Remove cotter pin. Use a hub lock nut wrench to remove lock
nut from drive shaft.
5. Remove disc rotor from wheel hub.
6. Remove cotter pin. Use a ball joint remover to remove tie rod
from steering knuckle.
CAUTION:
When using a ball joint remover, install nuts temporarily.
7. Remove steering knuckle from strut.
8. Remove drive shaft from steering knuckle.
9. Remove cotter pin. Use a ball joint remover to remove trans-
verse link from steering knuckle.
CAUTION:
When using a ball joint remover, install nuts temporarily.
INSPECTON AFTER REMOVAL
Check for deformity, cracks and damage on each parts, replace if necessary.
Ball Joint Inspection

Check for boot breakage, axial looseness, and torque of transverse link ball joint. Refer to FSU-10,
"INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL" .
INSTALLATION

Refer to FAX-7, "Removal and Installation" for tightening torque. Install in the reverse order of removal.
NOTE:
Refer to component parts location and do not reuse non-reusable parts.
Disassembly and AssemblyEDS0005T
DISASSEMBLY
1. Set steering knuckle on bench vise at point where strut is
attached. Use a sliding hammer (SST) and attachment (SST) to
remove wheel hub and bearing assembly from steering knuckle.
CAUTION:
When placing onto vise, be careful not to damage strut
mounting surface of steering knuckle. Use an aluminum
plate or another suitable tool.
2. As shown in the figure, use a puller (suitable tool), drift (SST),
and bearing replacer (SST) to remove inner race of outer wheel
bearing from wheel hub.
3. Use a flat-bladed screwdriver or similar tool to remove snap ring.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to scratch the steering knuckle.
4. Fix steering knuckle to bench vise. Use a flat-bladed screwdriver
and hammer to remove splash guard from steering knuckle.
SFA649A
FAC0104D
SDIA0588E

FAX-10
FRONT WHEEL HUB AND KNUCKLE

4. Use a drift (SST) and a press to install wheel hub.
5. As shown in the figure, apply a load of 34,324 – 49,033 N
(3500 – 5,000 kg, 7718 – 11,025 lb). Rotate in forward and
reverse directions 10 times each to ensure a good fit.
6. At a rotation speed of 10±2 rpm, place a spring balance at the
point where strut is joined (upper-side bolt hole). Measure rotat-
ing torque. Refer to FA X - 1 9 , "
Wheel Bearing" .
NOTE:
If a load of 34,300 – 49,033 N (3,500 – 5,000 kg, 7718 – 11,025 lb) cannot be applied, carry out the fol-
lowing actions.

Assemble drive shaft and tighten wheel hub lock nuts to specified torque. Then rotate in forward and
reverse direction 10 times each to ensure a good fit.

At a rotation speed of 10±2 rpm, place a spring balance on hub bolt to measure torque. Rotating torque : 1.645 N·m (0.17 kg-m, 15 in-lb) or
less
Spring balance
reading: 10.6 N (1.1 kg, 2.4 lb) or less
Rotation torque : 2.215 N·m (0.22 kg-m, 19 in-lb) or less
Spring balance reading : 37.2 N (3.8 kg, 8.4 lb) or less
SDIA0592E

FAX-12
FRONT DRIVE SHAFT

×: Applicable
–: Not applicable

Remove installation bolts from right-side drive shaft support bearing bracket. Then remove bracket from
engine.

Remove installation bolts from right-side drive shaft and remove drive shaft from side shaft.
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL

Move joint in up/down, left/right, and axial directions. Check for
motion that is not smooth and for significant looseness.

Check for cracking and damage of boots, and for grease leak-
age.
INSTALLATION

Install support bearing bracket onto engine and tighten installation bolts to specified torque. Refer to FA X -
11 , "Removal and Installation" .

Install drive shaft to side shaft and tighten installation bolts to specified torque. Refer to FA X - 11 , "Removal
and Installation" .
1. In order to prevent damage to differential side oil seal, first fit a
protector onto oil seal before inserting drive shaft. Slide drive
shaft slide joint and tap with a hammer to install securely.
CAUTION:
Be sure to check that circular clip is securely fastened.
2. Insert drive shaft into steering knuckle. Install lock nut and then
temporarily tighten lock nut. Refer to FA X - 11 , "
Removal and
Installation" .
3. Install installation bolts for steering knuckle and strut.
4. Use lock plate to fix brake hose to strut.
5. Install tie rod to steering knuckle.
6. Install wheel sensor.
7. Tighten lock nuts to specified torque. Refer to FAX-11, "
Removal
and Installation" .
8. Install cotter pin.
CAUTION:
Discard the old cotter pin; replace with a new one.
Engine typeDrive shaft with circular clip
Right Left
QR20DE and QR25DE –×
YD22DDTi –×
RAA0030D
Model type Protector SST No.
RH KV38107800
LH KV38105500
SDIA0593E
SDIA0603E

SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS)
FAX-19
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SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS)PFP:00030
Wheel BearingEDS000IG
Drive ShaftEDS000IH
ZF100SS86, ZF100SS86F, ZF100SS86F+B
Dynamic DamperEDS000II
Axial end play 0.05 mm (0.0020 in)
Rotating torque 1.645 N·m (0.17 kg-m, 15 in-lb) or less
Spring balance reading 10.6 N (1.1 kg, 2.4 lb) or less
Installation location of spring scale
SDIA0148E
Joint type Wheel side Transaxle side
Grease amount 115 - 125 g (4.01 - 4.41 oz) 132 - 142 g (4.69 - 5.04 oz)
Boot length 100 - 103 mm (3.94 - 4.06 in) 84 - 86 mm (3.31 - 3.39 in)
Drive shaft model Applied model Specification Dimension A Dimension B
ZF100SS86 ALL Left 205 - 215 mm (8.07 - 8.46 in) 70 mm (2.76 in)
ZF100SS86F+ BRHD: QR25DE A/T models
QR25DE: M/T models
Right 267 - 273 mm (10.51 - 10.75 in)70 mm (2.76 in)
QR20DE/YD22DDTi M/T models 50 mm (1.97 in)
FAC0156D

RAX-6
WHEEL HUB (2WD)

WHEEL HUB (2WD)PFP:43200
On-vehicle Inspection and ServiceEDS0034G
Make sure that the mounting conditions (looseness, backlash) of each component and component status
(wear, damage) are normal.
WHEEL BEARING INSPECTION

Move wheel hub in the axial direction by hand. Make sure there is no looseness of wheel bearing.

Rotate wheel hub and make sure that is no unusual noise or other irregular conditions. If there are any
irregular conditions, replace wheel bearing.
Removal and InstallationEDS0034H
COMPONENT
REMOVAL
1. Remove tire from the vehicle with power tool.
2. Remove wheel sensor from axle housing. Refer to BRC-46, "
WHEEL SENSORS" .
CAUTION:
Do not pull on wheel sensor harness.
3. Remove torque member fixing bolts with power tool. Hang it in a place where it will not interfere with work.
Refer to BR-32, "
REAR DISC BRAKE" .
NOTE:
Avoid depressing brake pedal while brake caliper is removed.
4. Remove disc rotor.
5. Remove anchor block mounting nuts, and then remove anchor block and back plate from axle housing.
6. Remove fixing bolts and nuts, and then remove strut from axle housing. Refer to RSU-8, "
COIL SPRING
AND STRUT" .
7. Remove nut and bolt from axle housing side of radius rod. Refer to RSU-12, "
RADIUS ROD" .
8. Remove fixing bolt, washer and nut from axle housing side of front and rear parallel links. Remove axle
housing from vehicle.
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL
Check components for deformation, cracks and other damage. Replace if there.Axial end play : 0.05 mm (0.002 in) or less
1. Sensor rotor 2. Snap ring 3. Wheel bearing
4. Axle housing 5. Back plate 6. Wheel hub
SDIA2471E