engine coolant PORSCHE 911 GT2 2008 5.G Information Manual

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The 911 GT2 |Drive
VarioCam Plus
Engine cooling.
The engine of the 911 GT2 features
cross-flow water cooling with fully
integrated coolant management.
This technology ensures a consis-
tent flow of coolant to each of
the engine’s cylinders. Waste
heat from the oil is transferred to
the coolant via two oil/water heat
exchangers. The coolant is routed
through twin radiator modules
ahead of the front wheels and a
centrally placed unit in the nose.
VarioCam Plus.
VarioCam Plus is a variable valve
timing system on the inlet side
which also features two-stage valve
lift. The benefits it provides include
greater power and torque at all
engine speeds, as well as excellent
running characteristics, better fuel
economy and fewer emissions.
Essentially, VarioCam Plus makes
two engines out of one. The first is
geared for normal road driving, thesecond for high-performance use.
The system switches seamlessly
between the two as the driver
inputs change. All operations
are controlled by the engine
management system. The results:
emphatic acceleration and
smoother running.
The two-stage lift mechanism
on each inlet valve consists of an
electro-hydraulically switchable
tappet. Each of the 12 tappets con-
sists of two concentric parts – anouter ring and a central shaft –
which can be locked together by
means of a pin. The system can
then vary the valve lift by using
two large profile cams on the outer
ring or a smaller cam lobe on the
central shaft. The timing of each
valve is steplessly controlled by
means of an electro-hydraulic
rotary vane adjuster at the head
of the corresponding camshaft.
To improve responsiveness during
warm-up in cold weather, VarioCam
Plus will select the higher valve
lift setting and retard valve timing.
At medium revs and low engine
loads, the lower valve lift setting
is activated and timing advanced in
order to reduce fuel consumption
and emissions. The economy of
the engine is particularly enhanced
at lower engine speeds. For maxi-
mum power and torque, the higher
lift setting is selected and the tim-
ing of the valves is advanced.This results in copious torque
and exceptional fuel economy,
particularly in comparison with
much larger engines offering
similar power output.

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The 911 GT2 |Drive
1. Turbine casing
2. Movable guide vanes
3. Turbine wheel
4. Electric motor for guide
vane adjustment
5. Guide vane adjuster
6. Compressor casing
7. Compressor wheel
8. Recirculation valve
9. Oil inlet
10. Coolant inlet
Guide vanes open Guide vanes closed
Guide vanes open Guide vanes closedTurbocharger guide vane adjuster
To overcome this problem, the
twin water-cooled turbochargers
on the 911 GT2 feature Variable
Turbine Geometry (VTG). With
this technology, the gas-flow
from the engine is channelled
onto the turbines via electronically
adjustable guide vanes. By chang-
ing the vane angle, the system
can replicate the geometry in all
types of turbo, large or small,
and thus achieve the optimum
gas-flow characteristics. The guide
vanes are controlled by the engine
management system. The result
is a high turbine speed – and
therefore higher boost pressure –
even at low engine rpm. With
more air available, the combustion
is increased, yielding greater
power and torque.
Special features on the 911 GT2
include flow-optimised turbines
and larger compressors which
generate a higher boost pressure.
Maximum torque is
achieved at
low rpm and sustained across
much of the engine speed
range.With 680 Nm available between
2,200 and 4,500 rpm, the
resulting acceleration is nothing
less than phenomenal.
When the boost pressure reaches
its maximum value, the guide
vanes are opened further. By
varying the vane angle, it is
possible to generate the required
boost pressure at all engine
speeds. As a result, there is no
need for excess pres
sure valveson the intake side as found
on
conventional turbocharged
engines.
This delivers impressive
engine efficiency and lower
fuel consumption.

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The 911 GT2 |Drive
Exhaust system.
The rear silencer and tailpipes
of the 911 GT2 are made from
ultra-lightweight titanium to re-
duce the weight on the rear axle,
and improve driving dynamics.
The exhaust leaves the engine
through high-performance
manifolds into separate tracts
for each of the two banks of
cylinders. Twin three-way catalytic
converters clean the two streams
before they converge in the main
silencer unit. The twin
titaniumtailpipes are fully integrated
within
the rear apron moulding. Large-
diameter tubes reduce back-
pressure
on the engine,thereby
increasing performance. The
catalytic
converters are close
to the engine,
enabling faster
warm-up and therefore improving
efficiency. When starting from
cold, the process is assisted by a
secondary air injection system.
A system of ‘Lambda’ or oxygen
sensors in each of the exhausts
provides continuous monitoring of engine efficiency. Data supplied
by one pair of sensors enables
the engine management system
to perform separate adjustment
of the air/fuel mix for each bank
of cylinders. A further pair of sen-
sors*, one on each tract, is used
to monitor the efficiency of the
respective catalytic converter. This
facility enables much more accu-
rate control of potentially harmful
emissions.
The exhaust system on the
911 GT2 produces a warm,
deep and bass-rich sound –
even when the engine is idling.
Fuel system.
Fuel is supplied to each of the six
cylinders using a sequential fuel
injection system. The timing of
each injection and the volume
supplied to each bank of cylinders
are controlled by the engine
management system. Adjustmentsare based on a range of variables,
including throttle position, engine
speed, boost pressure, coolant
temperature and exhaust gas com-
position. The results are optimised
combustion and fuel consumption.
A hot-film air mass sensor moni-
tors the volume and density of the
incoming air to ensure the best
possible air/fuel mix, regardless
of weather and altitude.
Ignition system.
The 911 GT2 features static
high-voltage ignition technology.
Separate coils on each of the
plugs with platinum electrodes
ensure perfect ignition every
time. The role of distributor is
performed by the engine manage-
ment system, which controls the
individual spark plugs directly,
for optimum performance and
minimum fuel consumption.
* Not in markets with leaded fuel.Exhaust system

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The 911 GT2 |Drive
benefits, such as optimum econ-
omy, emissions and performance
in all driving scenarios.
One of the most important tasks
performed by the engine manage-
ment system is cylinder-specific
knock control. By preventing pre-
ignition at high engine speeds
and loads, this function can avert
costly damage to the pistons and
cylinders. Since temperatures
tend to vary across the engine,
each cylinder is monitoredseparately. If a risk is detected,
the individual ignition timing is
adjusted.
The on-board diagnostics system,
designed to European standard,
quickly detects any faults in the
exhaust and fuel system and
displays them during driving
via the car’s instruments. The
benefits include active prevention
of harmful emissions as well
as consistent rates of fuel con-
sumption.Input data Used to regulate /control
Digital engine electronics
(ME7.8.1 control unit)
Engine load
Pressure upstream from throttle
Throttle-valve angle
Engine speed (from crankshaft)
Inlet camshaft phase angle
Throttle-pedal position
Oxygen sensor signals
Knock sensor signals
Ignition
Fuel injection
Throttle valve
Heating elements in oxygen sensors
Fuel pump
Fuel-tank venting
CAN interface to transmissionMoment interface to Porsche
Stability Management (PSM)
VarioCam Plus
– camshaft phase angle
– valve lift control
Electronic controller for
Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG)
Recirculation valve
Secondary air injection
Engine-bay fan
Starter
On-board diagnostics
Air-conditioning compressor
Interface to instrument cluster
Radiator fans (front control unit via CAN)
Vehicle speed
Air-conditioning settings
Engine immobiliser status
Clutch pedal switch
Ambient air pressure
Temperatures
– coolant
– air upstream from throttle
– engine oil
– air in engine compartment
– ambient air
Exhaust-gas temperature
Engine management system.
The Motronic ME7.8.1 engine
management system facilitates
optimum performance at all
times. This high-precision ECU
controls all engine-related func-
tions and assemblies (see
dia-
gram), such as Variable Turbine
Geometry, VarioCam Plus and
the electronic throttle, one of the
key prerequisites for the standard
Porsche Stability Management
(PSM). This produces various

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The 911 GT2 |Drive
1. Bi-Xenon headlights
2. Radiator module (left)
3. Radiator module (centre)
4. Radiator module (right)
5. Coolant pipe9. Intercoolers
10. Pressure pipe
11. Throttle valve
(electronically actuated)
12. Expansion intake manifold 6. Coolant expansion tank
7. Air filter
8. Exhaust-gas turbocharger
with Variable Turbine
Geometry (VTG)17. Generator
18. PASM damper
19. PCCB brake
20. Tandem brake booster
21. 6-speed manual gearbox
22. Sport bucket seat
13. Main silencer (titanium)
14. Tailpipe (titanium)
15. Oil filter
16. Engine oil reservoir
(dry-sump lubrication)