ignition PORSCHE 944 1987 1.G Owner's Manual

If it fails to light up, the fuse is defective and
must be replaced. Replace black plastic
cover.
The central electrical system contains plug in
relays for various electrical switching
functions.
Defective relays should be tested and
replaced by an authorized Porsche dealer.
To prevent damage to the electrical system
we recommend having all work - including the
installation of electrical accessories -carried
out by your authorized Porsche dealer. . ,

Fuses and Relays
The individual circuits are protected by fuses
to prevent damage to electrical leads and
components due to short-circuits and
overload.
The fuse box with a black plastic cover is
located on the left side in the engine
compartment directly in front of pivot point for
left windshield washer arm.
The use of the fuses and relays is shown
in a list on the inside of the cover of the
fuses and relays.
Replacing a Fuse
Before replacing a fuse, turn off all
electrical components and the ignition;
remove the key. Replacing a fuse or relay with the
engine running or the ignition on could
cause electrical shock.

A blown fuse indicates an overload in the circuit. When a fuse is blown it is not sufficient
to merely replace it. The cause of the short
circuit or overload must be located. Fuses
should never be patched up with tin foil or
wire as this may cause serious damage
elsewhere in the electrical circuit.
Open snap-on latches and remove plastic
cover.
To find out whether a fuse is serviceable, pull
it out with the plastic pliers specifically
provided for this purpose. Insert the fuse at
the test point on relay (G 3). If the fuse is in
proper condition, the green indicator light will
come on.
Loudspeakers


When installing a radio or booster amplifier,
check that the output is compatible with the
capacity of the loudspeakers supplied with the vehicle.
Rated capacity in Watt (Sinus)
Front Rear
2x10 2x10
HiFi Audio Package 2 x 25 2 x 25
89


Battery-12 Volt
The battery is located under the front hood in
the cowl area.
A replacement battery should always have the same rating as the original equipment battery.
Specifications are printed on the battery
housing.
Before work is done on the electrical
system, the battery must be disconnected
to prevent short circuiting. First
disconnect the negative ground wire and
then the positive cable. To reconnect
battery, reverse the procedure.
Disconnecting the battery while the engine is running will damage the alternator. This
also applies to cars equipped with a
battery main switch.
Never drive the car with a disconnected battery as this will damage the alternator. WARNING

Do not lay tools or other metal objects on the battery as they could cause a short
circuit across the battery terminals.
Do not expose the battery to an open flame or electric spark. Hydrogen gas
generated by the battery is explosive.
Do not let battery acid come in contact with skin, eyes, fabric or painted
surfaces.
If you get electrolyte, which is an acid, in your eyes or on skin, immediately rinse
with cold water several minutes and call a doctor. Spilled electrolyte must be rinsed off at once with a solution of water and baking
soda to neutralize the acid and prevent
damage to fabric and metal.
Checking the electrolyte fluid level
The electrolyte fluid level in your battery can
be checked by unscrewing and opening the
filler vent caps of each cell. The fluid level
should meet the indicator mark in each cell. If
necessary, top off with distilled water.
How often water must be added depends on
operating conditions and on the time of year.
Generally, the electrolyte level must be
checked more often in the summer than in the winter, and more often when driving long distances.
Only fill up to mark, otherwise the electrolyte will overflow when the battery is being charged and cause damage.
Battery care
Battery should be securely mounted
Terminals and connections should be kept
clean and properly tightened. Corrosion can
be prevented by coating terminals and
connections with petroleum jelly or silicone
spray
Vent caps must be securely tightened to
prevent spillage
Winter operation
During the winter months, battery capacity
tends to decrease as temperatures drop.
Additionally, more power is consumed while starting, and the headlights, heater, rear window defogger, etc., are used more
frequently. Curtail unnecessary power
consumption, particularly in city traffic or when travelling short distances only. Let your
Porsche dealer test the battery's capacity
before winter sets in. A well charged battery
will not only prevent starting problems but will
also live longer.
Battery charging
Automotive batteries lose their efficiency when not in use. The charge available in your
battery can be measured with a hydrometer.
We recommend that battery voltage be tested
by your Porsche dealer who has the
appropriate equipment. If the car is not driven
for prolonged periods, the battery


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Sealed Beam Headlights
Replacing light units
1.
Turn on the ignition and depress light switch to the second stop to raise the concealed
headlights. Then turn off the ignition.
2.
Remove Phillips screw from headlight trim
(arrow), take off the plastic cover.
3.
Remove only the three recessed screws
(arrows) which secure the lamp unit
retaining ring, remove retaining ring, and
take out sealed beam unit.
4.
Disconnect plug from rear of unit.
5. Attach plug to rear of new unit.
6. Insert sealed beam unit and retaining ring,
tighten hold-down screws.
7.
Check headlight adjustment.
8. Install headlight trim and tighten retaining
screw.

Adjusting Headlights
Headlight adjustment should be done with a
headlight aiming device under the following
conditions:
At curb weight of car (i. e. car ready for use
and with full fuel tank).
Driver's seat should be occupied by a person
or a weight of approx. 165 Ibs (75 kg).
Tire pressure must be correct.
Roll car forward a few feet so that the
suspension seeks its normal position.
Headlight adjustment screws
Screw "A" (lateral adjustment)
right turn = beam moves right
left turn = beam moves left
Screw "B" (vertical adjustment)
right turn = beam moves up
left turn = beam moves down
95

944 Turbo

944 / 944 S

944 / 944 S
Fog Lights

On the 944 Turbo, before adjusting or
removing the fog lamp unit, loosen the
transparent side parts which are secured with
Phillips-head screws.
1. Loosen the Phillips screws (arrows) and
pull out the entire light unit.
2.
Pull out cable connector plug and unsnap
holding clamps.
3.
Replace defective bulb. Be sure the new
bulb is installed correctly.
4. Refasten holding clamps and plug in cable
connection.
5.
Reinstall light unit and fasten Phillips
screws securely.
Screw "a" (vertical adjustment)
96

Manual Operation of
Retractable Headlights
If the retractable headlights do not open, they
can be operated manually by turning the knob
on the end of the motor drive shaft located in
the front of the engine compartment. The
connecting rod assembly is designed in such
a way that it need only be turned to the left to
either close or open the headlights.
WARNING

Do not turn the knob on the drive shaft as
long as the automatic mechanism is
operating.
The motor may turn suddenly and cause
injury. Before turning the knob, check first
whether the motor will work by turning on the ignition and by depressing the light switch to
the second stop.
99

Emission Control System

In the Interest of Clean Air
Pollution of our environment has become a
problem that is of increasing concern to all of
us. We urge you to join us in our efforts for
cleaner air in controlling the pollutants emitted from the automobile.
Porsche has developed an emission control
system that controls or reduces those parts of
the emission that can be harmful to our
environment. Your Porsche is equipped with
such a system.
Porsche warrants the Emission Control
System in your new car under the terms and
conditions set forth in the Warranty &
Maintenance booklet.
You, as the owner of the vehicle, have the
responsibility to provide regular maintenance
service for the vehicle and to keep a record of
all maintenance work performed. To facilitate
record keeping, have the service performed
by authorized Porsche dealers. They have
Porsche trained mechanics and special tools
to provide fast, efficient service.
WARNING To assure efficient operation of the
Emission Control System:

Have your vehicle maintained properly and in accordance with the
recommendations described in your
Warranty & Maintenance booklet. Lack of
proper maintenance, as well as improper
use of the vehicle, will impair the function
of the emission control system and could
lead to damage.
Do not alter or remove any component of the emission control system unless
approved by the manufacturer.
Do not alter or remove any device, such as heat shields, switches, ignition wires, valves, etc., which are designed to protect your vehicle's emission control system. Do not continue to operate your vehicle if you detect engine misfire or other
unusual operating conditions.
Starting
Do not leave vehicle engine idling unattended after starting. If warning lights should come on to indicate improper
operation, they would go unheeded.
Extended idling also produces heat,
which could result in overheating or other damage to the vehicle or other property.

Parking
As with any vehicle, do not park or operate your vehicle in areas where
combustible materials, such as dry grass
or leaves, can come into contact with a
hot exhaust system.

Undercoating
Do not apply additional undercoating or rust proofing on or near the exhaust
manifold, exhaust pipes, catalytic
converter or heat shields. During driving
the substance used for undercoating
could overheat and cause a fire.

100

How Emission Control Works

When an automobile engine is running, it uses energy generated through the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel. Depending on whether
a car is driven fast or slowly or whether the
engine is cold or hot, some of the fuel
(hydrocarbons) may not be burned completely but be discharged into the engine crankcase
or exhaust system. Additional hydrocarbons
may enter the atmosphere through
evaporation of fuel from the fuel tank. These
hydrocarbons (HC), when released into the
air, contribute to undesirable pollution.
In addition, carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) contribute to engine
emissions. They, too, are formed during the
combustion process and discharged into the
exhaust system.
To reduce these pollutants, your Porsche is
equipped with a precisely calibrated fuel
injection system to assure a finely balanced
air/fuel mixture under all operating conditions.

Oxygen Sensor
The oxygen sensor, installed in the exhaust
pipe continuously senses the oxygen content
of the exhaust and signals the information to
an electronic control unit. The control unit
corrects the air/fuel ratio, so that the engine
always receives an accurately metered air fuel mixture. .
Crankcase Ventilation
Through Crankcase Ventilation undesirable
emissions from the engine crankcase are not
permitted to reach the outside atmosphere.
These emissions are recirculated from the
crankcase to the air intake system. From here
the emissions mix with the intake air and are
later burned in the engine.
Catalytic converter
The catalytic converter is an efficient
"cleanup" device built into the exhaust system
of the vehicle. The catalytic converter burns
the undesirable pollutants in the exhaust gas
before it is released into the atmosphere.
The exclusive use of unleaded fuel is critically important for the life of the
catalytic converter. Therefore, only
unleaded gasoline without additives must
be used.
The catalytic converter will be damaged by

push or tow starting your vehicle
misfiring of the engine turning off the ignition while the vehicle is moving or
by other unusual operating conditions.
Do not continue to operate your vehicle
under these conditions, as otherwise fuel
can reach the catalytic converter. This
could result in overheating of the
converter.
Federal law prohibits use of leaded
gasoline in this car.
The Emission Control System and its other
related components are illustrated and
described on the following pages.
101

Emission Control System
1 Fuel pump
2 Fuel filter
3 Pressure damper
3a Pressure regulator
4 Injector
5 Auxiliary air valve
6 Air flow meter
7 Throttle valve switch
8 Temperature sensor
9 Engine temperature sensor
10 Speed sensor
11 Reference mark sensor (TDC)
12 Control unit
13 Ring gear
14 Ignition coil
15 Distributor
16 Relay (fuel pump / control unit)
17 Oxygen sensor
18 Catalytic converter
19 Muffler

102

Technical Data
105

Engine 944 Number of cylinders
4
Bore 3.94 in. / 100 mm
Stroke 3.11 in. / 78.9 mm
Displacement 151 cu. in. / 2479 cm
3
Compression ratio 9.7:1
SAE net-power 147 hp/ 110 kW at 5800 rpm
SAE net-torque 140 ft lb / 190 Nm at 3000 rpm
Output per liter 59,3 SAE net-hp / 44,4 SAE net-kW
Max. permissible rpm 6500
Fuel octane rating Unleaded fuel only 91 RON (87 CLC or AKI ((R+M)/2) rating on fuel pump s in U.S.A.)

Spark plugs Bosch WR 7 DC or
Champion RN 9 YC
Electrode gap 0.028 + 0.004 in. / 0.7 + 0.1 mm
Battery capacity 12 volts, 63 Ah
Alternator output 1610W/115A
Firing order 1-3-4-2
Ignition timing Self-adjusting DME (Digital-Motor-E lectronic)
Ignition Transistorized ignition system with breake r less distributor
Belt for alternator Polyrib K6 1000 Lw
Belt for servo pump 9.5 x 950 LA
Valve clearance Hydraulic valve clearance compensat ion

106

Engine 944 S Number of cylinders
4
Bore 3.94 in. / 100 mm
Stroke 3.11 in. / 78.9 mm
Displacement 151 cu. in. / 2479 cm
3
Compression ratio 10.9:1
SAE net-power 188 hp/ 140 kW at 6000 rpm
SAE net-torque 170 ft lb / 230 Nm at 4300 rpm
Output per liter 75,8 SAE net-hp / 56,5 SAE net-kW
Max. permissible rpm 6800
Fuel octane rating Unleaded fuel only 95 RON (90 CLC or AKI ((R+M)/2) rating on fuel pump s in U.S.A.)

Spark plugs Bosch WR 7 DC
Electrode gap 0.028 + 0.004 in. / 0.7 + 0.1 mm
Battery capacity 12 volts, 63 Ah
Alternator output 1610W/115A
Firing order 1-3-4-2
Ignition timing Self-adjusting DME (Digital-Motor-E lectronic)
Ignition Transistorized ignition system with breake r less distributor
Belt for alternator Polyrib K6 1000 Lw
Belt for servo pump 9.5 x 950 LA
Valve clearance Hydraulic valve clearance compensat ion

107

Engine 944 Turbo
Number of cylinders
4
Bore 3.94 in. / 100 mm
Stroke 3.11 in. / 78.9 mm
Displacement 151 cu. in. / 2479 cm
3
Compression ratio 8.0:1
SAE net-power 217 hp/ 162 kW at 5800 rpm
SAE net-torque 243 ft lb / 330 Nm at 3500 rpm
Output per liter 87,5 SAE net-hp / 65,3 SAE net-kW
Max. permissible rpm 6500
Fuel octane rating Unleaded fuel only 90 RON (90 CLC or AKI ((R+M)/2) rating on fuel pump s in U.S.A.)

Spark plugs Bosch WR 7 DC
Electrode gap 0.028 + 0.004 in. / 0.7 + 0.1 mm
Battery capacity 12 volts, 63 Ah
Alternator output 1610W/115A
Firing order 1-3-4-2
Ignition timing Self-adjusting DME (Digital-Motor-E lectronic)
Ignition Transistorized ignition system with breake r less distributor
Belt for alternator Polyrib K6 1000 Lw
Belt for servo pump 9.5 x 950 LA
Valve clearance Hydraulic valve clearance compensat ion

108

Transmission Diagram Manual gearbox 944Turbo
125

Gas Station Information Fuses and relays
The fuses are located within the
central electric box at the rear left
of the e
ngine compartment in front of the pivot point for the left windshield wiperarm (under black plastic cover). The use of the
fuses and relays is shown in a
list on the inside of the cover of
the fuses and relays.
Fuel recommendation
944: 91 RON (87 CLC or AKI
((R+M)/2) rating on fuel pumps in
U.S.A.) minimum.
944 S / 944 Turbo: 95 RON (90
CLC or AKI ((R+M)/2) rating on
fuel pumps in U.S.A.)
UNLEADED FUEL ONLY.
Fuel tank capacity: 21.1. U.S.
gals, or 80 liters.
Federal law prohibits use of
leaded fuel in this vehicle. Starting Manual transmission: Only start in Neutral, clutch pedal depressed. Automatic transmission:
Start in Park.
Starting cold or hot engine
Just turn ignition key. No need to
depress accelerator pedal.
Emergency starting
Car must not be started by
pushing or towing.

Seat adjustment

Pull lever in front of seat.
Backrest

Lift lever on side of seatback.
Fuel cap

Located in the right rear panel. To close, turn cap clockwise to stop. 126

Engine hood release
Pull lever on left underneath
dashboard. Disengage safety
catch and lift engine hood up.
Battery
In cowl area in engine
compartment. Check each cell.
Top up with distilled water.
Never disconnect battery while
engine is running. It can ruin
the alternator.
Before connecting quick-charger,
battery must be disconnected. Brake fluid reservoir
Level should be between MIN and MAX marks.
Only use new brake fluid
according to SAE
recommendation J 1703, DOT 3
or DOT 4 and conforming to Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 116.
Do not use silicone base brake
fluid (DOT 5). Even the smallest
traces may cause severe
corrosion in the brake system.
Coolant reservoir
Antifreeze must remain in cooling
system all year round.
Coolant level should be between
minimum and maximum mark
when engine is cold. Always add antifreeze and water in ratio specified under "Filling
Capacities".
Use quality antifreeze containing
ethylene glycol.
Windshield and headlight
washer reservoir

1.6 U.S. gal. or 6.0 liters
127


Rear Lid
Unlock by turning door/ignition
key counter-clockwise or
operating the control switch.


Engine oil dipstick

Check oil level a few minutes after engine has stopped. Level should
be between upper and lower
marks on dipstick. Difference
between marks is approx. 1 U.S.
qt. or 1 liter.
WARNING
Before checking anything in
the engine compartment, let the
engine cool down. The fan
blades will rotate
spontaneously (even with
ignition off) until coolant
temperature drops.
Engine oil Always use quality oil labeled "API" Service "SE or SF". Details
under "Engine Oils" .
With filter change approx. 6.34 U.S. qts. (6.0 lite rs)
944 Turbo: approx. 6.87 U.S. qts. (6.5 liters)
Check oil level as described on "Engine oil level".

Manual transmission oil with differential
Hypoid oil SAE 80 according to API classification G L 4 or Mil-L 2105.

Automatic transmission
ATF lubricates torque converter and transmission. U se ATF "Dex-
ron®" only. Quantity at oil change: approx. 3 U.S. qts. or 2.8 liters.
Check ATF level visually through transparent reserv oir at rear end of
transmission housing.
Difference between marks approx. 1 U.S. pint or 0.4 liter. Check ATF
level when ATF is warm, with engine idling, selecto r lever in Neutral
and car on level ground.
For differential use oils API/GI 5 (or Mil-L 2105 B ), viscosity SAE 90.


128