battery Seat Cordoba 2005 Owner's Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: SEAT, Model Year: 2005, Model line: Cordoba, Model: Seat Cordoba 2005Pages: 243, PDF Size: 8.33 MB
Page 6 of 243
4Contents
Brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Windscreen washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Servicing and replacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Accessories, modifications and replacement of parts171
If and when . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
First aid kit, warning triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
On board tools, spare wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Changing wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Changing bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Installing a radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Mobile telephones and radio telephones . . . . . . 200
Emergency starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Tow start/towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Lifting the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
T
Te
ec
ch
hn
ni
ic
ca
al
l dda
at
ta
a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
General notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
General considerations on technical data . . . . . . 207
Weights and measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Fixing points for tow bar* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Vehicle identification data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Vehicle identification data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Engine data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Petrol engine 1.2 47 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Petrol engine 1.4 16V 55 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Petrol engine 1.4 16V 55 kW. Automatic gearbox . 216
Petrol engine 1.4 16V 74 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Petrol engine 2.0 85 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Diesel engine 1.4 TDI 51 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Diesel engine 1.4 TDI 55 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Diesel engine 1.4 TDI 59 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Diesel engine 1.9 SDI 47 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Diesel engine 1.9 TDI 74 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Diesel engine 1.9 TDI 96 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Measurements and capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
G
Ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l iin
nd
de
ex
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Page 44 of 243
42Instrument panel
Outside temperature indicator*
The outside temperature is displayed when the ignition is on.
For temperatures ranging –7 °C and +6 °C, there is -apart from the
temperature clock- an ice cristal icon slights up and if speed is
above 10 km/h an acoustic warning will sound.
T Th
he
e ssn
no
ow
wf
fl
la
ak
ke
e ssy
ym
mb
bo
ol
l iis
s tto
o wwa
ar
rn
n tth
he
e ddr
ri
iv
ve
er
r tto
o tta
ak
ke
e eex
xt
tr
ra
a cca
ar
re
e wwh
he
en
n
t th
he
er
re
e iis
s aa rri
is
sk
k oof
f iic
ce
e ffo
or
rm
mi
in
ng
g oon
n tth
he
e rro
oa
ad
d.
.
When the vehicle is stationary or travelling at very low speeds, the
temperature displayed may be slightly higher than the actual
outside temperature as a result of radiant heat from the engine.
K
Multifunction indicator*
The multifunction indicator includes:
• Time
• Driving time
• Average speed
• Distance driven
• Autonomy
• Average fuel consumption
• Instant consumption
• Exterior temperature
The function selector and the "reset" button are located in the
windshield wiper lever.
With the ignition switched on, repeatedly press the upper or lower
part of the function selector and each of the functions will be
displayed consecutively.
W Wh
he
en
n ttu
ur
rn
ni
in
ng
g tth
he
e iig
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n oon
n
the previously selected function
before turning the ignition off will be activated, unless outside
temperature is in the frost area, which would then activate the frost
function.
If the battery is disconnected, all stored values will be deleted.
M Me
em
mo
or
ry
y
The system is fitted with two memories which function automatically.
A A ppa
ar
rt
ti
ia
al
l rro
ou
ut
te
e mme
em
mo
or
ry
y ((M
Mu
ul
lt
ti
if
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n iin
nd
di
ic
ca
at
to
or
r 11)
)
collects the following
data from ignition switch on to switch off:
Driving time, distance driven and fuel consumed.
If driving is resumed within two hours from switching off the ignition, the
calculation will include all values accumulated while driving. If driving is
km/h
40
20
0 6080
100
140
180
220
260
10 30507090
120
160
200
240
2
0
B6L-0004Fig. 37
Page 46 of 243
44Instrument panel
Ø
Ø kkm
m/
/h
h -- AAv
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e ssp
pe
ee
ed
d
The same applies here as to "average fuel consumption".
k km
m -- DDi
is
st
ta
an
nc
ce
e ddr
ri
iv
ve
en
n
The same applies to "distance driven" as to "driving time"
⇒ page
43
. The maximum distance displayed is of 9,999 km.
k km
m -- AAu
ut
to
on
no
om
my
y
This value indicates the remaining mileage you can drive the
vehicle with the same driving style.
The base to calculate the remaining fuel is the average fuel
consumption for the last 50 km.
When the remaining fuel function is reset (i.e. after disconnecting
battery) the real value for remaining fuel is displayed after driving
approx. 50 km.
Ø Ø ll/
/1
10
00
0 kkm
m -- AAv
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e ffu
ue
el
l cco
on
ns
su
um
mp
pt
ti
io
on
n
Indicates average fuel consumption, not instantaneous fuel
consumption.
After switching ignition on or after deleting the corresponding
memory, average fuel consumption is displayed after approx. 300
m. Up to that point, the screen displays dashes instead of the
value. The value is updated every 30 m while driving.
M Mu
ul
lt
ti
if
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n iin
nd
di
ic
ca
at
to
or
r 11
– Indicates the average fuel consumption
of a partial trip.M Mu
ul
lt
ti
if
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n iin
nd
di
ic
ca
at
to
or
r 22
– Indicates the average fuel consumption
of all partial trips
⇒"memory of total trip".
N No
ot
te
e
The quantity of fuel used is not indicated.
l
l/
/1
10
00
0 kkm
m -- IIn
ns
st
ta
an
nt
t cco
on
ns
su
um
mp
pt
ti
io
on
n
It indicates the current l/100 km consumption.
The consumption is calculated in 1 second intervals. When the
vehicle is stopped, the consumption is indicated in l/h.
° °C
C -- EEx
xt
te
er
ri
io
or
r tte
em
mp
pe
er
ra
at
tu
ur
re
e
The correct exterior temperature is displayed after five minutes.
With a stationary vehicle or at very low speeds the displayed
temperature may be slightly higher than the real exterior
temperature due to engine heat.
Selector lever position display*
The selector lever position for automatic gearboxes is shown in the
display
⇒"Automaticgearbox" chapter. K
I If
f yyo
ou
u uus
se
e tth
he
e oou
ut
ts
si
id
de
e tte
em
mp
pe
er
ra
at
tu
ur
re
e aas
s aan
n iin
nd
di
ic
ca
at
to
or
r ffo
or
r iic
ce
e,
, kke
ee
ep
p iin
n mmi
in
nd
d tth
ha
at
t
i ic
ce
e cca
an
n bbe
e ffo
or
rm
me
ed
d aat
t aa tte
em
mp
pe
er
ra
at
tu
ur
re
e aab
bo
ov
ve
e 00°
°C
C.
.
K
W WA
AR
RN
NI
IN
NG
G
Page 48 of 243
46Instrument panel
C
Ca
au
ut
ti
io
on
n
We do not recommend that you reset the service interval indicator on your
own. This could result in an incorrect setting and could cause possible
vehicle anomalies.
N No
ot
te
e
• The desired service message must be reset in each case. If not, the time
frame for another service could be incorrect. You can change from one
message to another by pressing the reset button.• Do not reset the indicator between two service intervals. Otherwise, the
indication could be erroneous.
• The values are saved even if the battery of the vehicle is disconnected.
• If the combined instrument is replaced after repair work, the service
interval indicator must be reset by a Technical Service Centre.
K
Page 50 of 243
48Instrument panel
Alternator
The warning lamp comes on when the ignition is switched on and
must go out when the engine is started.
The alternator is driven by a long-life ribbed belt.
If the warning lamp lights during the journey, s st
to
op
p,
, ssw
wi
it
tc
ch
h oof
ff
f
e en
ng
gi
in
ne
e
and check ribbed belt.
If it isl lo
oo
os
se
e
or broken, d do
o nno
ot
t ddr
ri
iv
ve
e oon
n
– the coolant pump is no
longer being driven. The belt must be checked/ renewed.
If the warning lamp comes on even though the ribbed belt is not
broken or loose, you can generally wait to have this checked at the
next scheduled service.
As the battery will continue to discharge, all electrical consumers
which are not absolutely necessary should be switched off.
K
Parking light/dipped beam
Dipped beam, parking or side light pilot light (green). Works with
the ignition off.
K
Power steering*
The warning lamp will light up for a few seconds as a functional
check when the ignition is switched on.
The warning lamp comes on when the hydraulic oil level is not
sufficient or in case of a failure in the electrical system.
An acoustic signal warns the driver (1 bip).
Contact a Technical Service Centre.
I It
te
em
mS
Sy
ym
mb
bo
ol
lM
Me
ea
an
ni
in
ng
g oof
f wwa
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g aan
nd
d cco
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
l lla
am
mp
ps
sF
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
ri
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
5Indicators⇒page 49
6Coolant temperature/level*⇒page 49
7Main beam⇒page 50
8Fuel level*⇒page 50
9Anti-lock brake system (ABS)*⇒page 50
10Brakes/Hand brake
11Air Bag system1)⇒page 51
12Seat belt warning lamp*⇒page 51
13Engine diagnosis*⇒page 51
14Traction Control System (TCS)*/⇒page 51
14Electronic stabilisation program (ESP)*⇒page 52
15Electronic immobiliser*⇒page 52
16Engine oil pressure/level⇒page 52
17Trailer indicators*⇒page 53
1)This equipment will vary according to the country.
K
⇒page
50-51
Page 66 of 243
64Opening and closing
N
No
ot
te
e
When you lock the car the indicator pilot lights will only come on ifthe
alarm has been properly activated (all security areas have been properly
locked).
If a door or the boot are left open when the alarm is connected, they will not
be incorporated into the car’s protection system. If after you lock the doors
or boot, they will be automatically incorporated into the securityareas and
the indicator signals will show.
The alarm will be triggered if, with the vehicle locked, one of
•the doors,
•the bonnet, or
•the boot
is opened or
•the ignition is switched on.
When the alarm is triggered the horn sounds and a flashing signal
is activated for about 30 seconds.
T To
o dde
ea
ac
ct
ti
iv
va
at
te
e tth
he
e aan
nt
ti
i tth
he
ef
ft
t aal
la
ar
rm
m,
, tth
he
e kke
ey
y mmu
us
st
t bbe
e ttu
ur
rn
ne
ed
d tto
o tth
he
e
o op
pe
en
n ppo
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n iin
n tth
he
e ddr
ri
iv
ve
er
r’
’s
s ddo
oo
or
r aan
nd
d tth
he
e iig
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n mmu
us
st
t bbe
e ttu
ur
rn
ne
ed
d
o on
n wwi
it
th
hi
in
n 115
5 sse
ec
co
on
nd
ds
s,
, oor
r tth
he
e ““o
op
pe
en
n”
” bbu
ut
tt
to
on
n oon
n tth
he
e rre
em
mo
ot
te
e cco
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
l
m ma
ay
y aal
ls
so
o bbe
e uus
se
ed
d.
.
– –t
tw
wo
o ffl
li
ic
ck
ke
er
rs
s:
: oop
pe
en
n aan
nd
d dde
ea
ac
ct
ti
iv
va
at
te
e tth
he
e aal
la
ar
rm
m
– –o
on
ne
e ffl
li
ic
ck
ke
er
r:
: llo
oc
ck
k aan
nd
d aac
ct
ti
iv
va
at
te
e aal
la
ar
rm
m
N No
ot
te
e
• The warning lamp goes out after approx. 28 days. This prevents the
battery becoming discharged when the vehicle is not used for a long period.
The alarm system remains activated.
• The alarm signal will be triggered a second time if one of the protectedparts of the car is interfered with again after the alarm signal has stopped
(for instance if the tailgate is opened after one of the doors has been
opened).
• The alarm can also be activated and deactivated via the radio wave
remote control*. Further information can be found under the heading
“Radio-frequency remote control key”.
• In vehicles fitted with an additional alarm system*, if the vehicle is
accessed with the key on the driver’s door, you have 15 seconds to insert
the key in the ignition lock and switch on ignition. If not the alarm is set off
for 30 seconds and it will be impossible to start engine.
The alarm can only be disconnected by pressing the "open" key on the
remote control.
In vehicles without a remote control key you will have to wait for 30 seconds
until the alarm stops. Lock the door and repeat the previously described
process.
If the vehicle is accessed through any door other than the driver’s door or
the tailgate the alarm will be set off for 30 seconds.
K
Volumetric sensor*
This is a surveillance function or a control incorporated in the anti-
theft alarm system which detects through ultrasound unauthorized
access to the vehicle interior (i.e. through a window).
The system has 3 sensors, 2 transmitters and one receiver.
A Ac
ct
ti
iv
va
at
te
e
The volumetricsensor is switched on automatically when the anti-
theft alarm is activated whether by locking manually with the key
or by remote control.
Page 68 of 243
66Opening and closing
The following functions can be operated using the radio wave
remote control without using the key manually.
– Locking and unlocking the central locking system.
– Turning the anti theft alarm* and the locking security system
(double lock) on and off.
– Switching on the inside light
⇒ "Interior lights" chapter.
The radio wave transmitter with its battery is located in the handle
of the key. The radio wave receiver is located inside the vehicle.
The e ef
ff
fe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e rra
an
ng
ge
e
(red area) of the remote control is shown in the
illustration. The maximum range depends on various conditions.
The range will reduce as the batteries lose power.
N No
ot
te
e
The remote control becomes inoperative when the key is in the ignition lock
or when the ignition is on.
O Op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g aan
nd
d ccl
lo
os
si
in
ng
g tth
he
e vve
eh
hi
ic
cl
le
e
To u un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k
the vehicle, point the key from within the effective range
at the vehicle and briefly press the “open” button (arrow
1). The
indicators will flicker. To l lo
oc
ck
k
the vehicle, briefly press the ”close”
button (arrow
2). The indicators flicker once.
By pressing the locking button (arrow
2) t tw
wi
ic
ce
eboth the locking
security mechanism (double) and the volumetric alarm are
deactivated but the perimetric alarm remains active and this is
indicated by the indicator light on the driver’s door.
S Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e oop
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g*
*
To open only the driver's door (all other doors will remain locked),
press the "open" button (arrow
1) once.
To unlock all doors, press the "open" button (arrow
1) twice.
N No
ot
te
e
While pressing the "open" or "close" buttons, a LED will flash on the key. If
this LED does not appear, it may mean that the key’s battery is depleted. In
this case, have the battery tested or changed at a Technical Service Centre.
When the dead-lock mechanism and the anti-theft alarm* are activated,
proceed as follows:
If the vehicle is unlocked by using the open button on the radio-frequency
remote control*, all of the doors and the boot
1)will be relocked
automatically if they are not opened within 30 seconds. However, the
locking security system and the anti theft alarm will remain deactivated
during these 30 seconds. This function prevents the vehicle being
accidentally left open following the unintentional use of the remote control
within range of the vehicle.
K
21
LEO-009Fig. 51
1)The alarm and dead-lock mechanism will remain in the same position as before
opening.
Page 72 of 243
70Opening and closing
C
Cl
lo
os
si
in
ng
g tth
he
e wwi
in
nd
do
ow
ws
s wwi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t aau
ut
to
om
ma
at
ti
ic
c ccl
lo
os
si
in
ng
g ffu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n*
*
Lift the switch by the front edge until the window is completely
closed.
P Pl
le
ea
as
se
e nno
ot
te
e tth
ha
at
t tth
he
e wwi
in
nd
do
ow
w ccl
lo
os
se
es
s wwi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t ppo
ow
we
er
r lli
im
mi
it
ta
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
Function of the electric windows with ignition switched off
After the ignition has been switched off, the windows can still be
operated for about ten minutes as long as the driver or passenger
doors are not opened.
The windows on vehicles with central locking can also be closed or
opened from the outside (in cars with a sliding/electric roof you
can only close them). For this purpose, the key must be in the lock
of the driver’s door and held in the locking or open position.
O Op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g
Press the front edge of the respective button.C Cl
lo
os
si
in
ng
g
Lift the front edge of the respective button.
N No
ot
te
e
If the window in the driver or passenger door is hindered whilst closing
through stiffness or by an obstacle (roll-back function), the window will
open again immediately.
In this case you can only close the window again after the ignition has been
switched on.
K
Notes
The automaticopening/closing function*on the driver and
passenger door windows will not function after the vehicle battery
has been disconnected/reconnected.
To reinstall this function after reconnecting the battery, please note
the following points.
•L Lo
oc
ck
k vve
eh
hi
ic
cl
le
e
from the outside via the driver’s door. When doing
this please ensure that all doors and windows are closed
completely.
•L Lo
oc
ck
k tth
he
e vve
eh
hi
ic
cl
le
e aag
ga
ai
in
n
via the driver’s door. H Ho
ol
ld
d tth
he
e kke
ey
y iin
n tth
he
e
l lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g ppo
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n ffo
or
r aat
t lle
ea
as
st
t oon
ne
e sse
ec
co
on
nd
d.
.
The automaticclosing function* on the driver’s and passenger side
has been reactivated.
•T Ta
ak
ke
e ggr
re
ea
at
t cca
ar
re
e wwh
he
en
n ccl
lo
os
si
in
ng
g tth
he
e wwi
in
nd
do
ow
ws
s!
! CCl
lo
os
si
in
ng
g tth
he
e wwi
in
nd
do
ow
ws
s iin
n aa
c ca
ar
re
el
le
es
ss
s oor
r uun
nc
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
ll
le
ed
d mma
an
nn
ne
er
r mma
ay
y cca
au
us
se
e bbr
ru
ui
is
se
es
s,
, ees
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y iin
n cch
hi
il
ld
dr
re
en
n.
.
•T
Th
he
e ddr
ri
iv
ve
er
r mmu
us
st
t wwa
ar
rn
n tth
he
e oot
th
he
er
r ooc
cc
cu
up
pa
an
nt
ts
s oof
f tth
he
e rri
is
sk
k wwh
hi
ic
ch
h cca
ar
re
el
le
es
ss
s
o op
pe
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n oof
f eel
le
ec
ct
tr
ri
ic
c wwi
in
nd
do
ow
ws
s een
nt
ta
ai
il
ls
s.
.
K
W WA
AR
RN
NI
IN
NG
G
Page 74 of 243
72Opening and closing
T
To
o ccl
lo
os
se
e A
To close it turn the control to position A.
The opening sunroof has an a an
nt
ti
i-
-i
im
mp
pr
ri
is
so
on
nm
me
en
nt
t ffu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n
. If upon
closing the roof, closes with difficulty or encounters an obstacle, it
will open immediately.
To close the roof press the rotary control in the front part, staying in
position
A, until the roof closes completely.
T Th
he
e rro
oo
of
f ccl
lo
os
se
es
s wwi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t tth
he
e aan
nt
ti
i-
-i
im
mp
pr
ri
is
so
on
nm
me
en
nt
t ffu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n.
.
N No
ot
te
e
After disconnecting and re-connecting the vehicle battery the roof may not
close completely. For this, keep pressing the front part of the rotary control
for some 10 seconds.
T To
o oop
pe
en
n B
Turn the control clockwise until the desired position. With the
control in position Cthe roof opens until the c co
om
mf
fo
or
rt
t ppo
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n.
.
To open the roof fully keep turning the control until position
B
without releasing it. In this position however, noise due to the wind
may be produced.
N No
ot
te
e
The parasol opens automatically to protect from excess sunlight when the
crystal roof is raised. If desired, it may be closed manually when the roof is
closed.
T To
o rra
ai
is
se
eD
Turn control clockwise until the desired position. With the control in
position Dthe roof is raised completely.
The roof closesw wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t
the a an
nt
ti
i-
-i
im
mp
pr
ri
is
so
on
nm
me
en
nt
t ffu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n.
.
K
Comfort locking*
The opening sunroof may not only be closed with the control, but
also with the centralized* locking, if the vehicle is equipped with it,
when it is locked from the driver or front passenger side door:
Maintain the key in the locking position until the roof fully closes.
K
Emergency activation
B6X-100DFig. 54
Page 78 of 243
76Lights and visibility
N
No
ot
te
e
An automatic provisional disconnection of the function may take place to
avoid a possible deterioration to the battery. Once the normal functioning
conditions are established the function is resumed.
F Fo
or
r tth
he
e ssa
ak
ke
e oof
f tth
he
e een
nv
vi
ir
ro
on
nm
me
en
nt
t
As soon as window is clear, switch element off. The reduced current
consumption helps to reduce fuel consumption ⇒page 140.K
Hazard warning lamps5
The system also works when the ignition is switched off.
Switch on the hazard warning lamps if, for example:
– Your vehicle stops because of a technical defect,
– You have an emergency– You reach the tail end of a traffic jam.
When the hazard warning lamps are switched on, all turn signal
lights flash simultaneously. The warning lamps for the indicators
and a warning lamp in the switch will also flash.
O Ob
bs
se
er
rv
ve
e lle
eg
ga
al
l rre
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s wwh
he
en
n eem
mp
pl
lo
oy
yi
in
ng
g ssu
uc
ch
h ssa
af
fe
et
ty
y
m me
ea
as
su
ur
re
es
s.
.
K
Seat heating* for left seat
For further information on its functions⇒"Heated seats" chapter.K
Seat heating* for right seat
For further information on its functions⇒"Heated seats" chapter.K
Switches in driver’s door
E
El
le
ec
ct
tr
ri
ic
c wwi
in
nd
do
ow
ws
s
To use the electric windows switches⇒"Electric windows" chapter.
C
Ce
en
nt
tr
ra
al
l llo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g bbu
ut
tt
to
on
n
To use this switch ⇒"Central locking" chapter.
W
Wi
in
ng
g mmi
ir
rr
ro
or
r aad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
⇒"Rear-view mirrors" the chapter.KFig. 59
VOLT12
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CON-012