roof rack Seat Ibiza SC 2013 Owner's manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: SEAT, Model Year: 2013, Model line: Ibiza SC, Model: Seat Ibiza SC 2013Pages: 294, PDF Size: 4.05 MB
Page 6 of 294
Accessories, replacement of parts and
modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Accessories and spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Technical modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Roof aerial* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Mobile telephones and two-way radios . . . . . . . . 197
Fitting a towing bracket* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Checking and refilling levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Refuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
LPG system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Petrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Working in the engine compartment . . . . . . . . . . 206
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Washer fluid and windscreen wiper blades . . . . 215
Brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Vehicle battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
If and when . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Vehicle tools, spare wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Wheel change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Tyre repair kit* (Tyre Mobility-System) . . . . . . . . . 235
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Bulb change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Single headlight bulb change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Double headlight bulb change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Changing the bulbs of AFS headlights . . . . . . . . 247
Changing the fog light bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Changing rear bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Changing the rear lights (on the wing) . . . . . . . . 251
Changing the rear lights (on the rear lid) . . . . . . 253
Changing the side and interior light bulbs . . . . . 254
Jump-starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Towing and tow-starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Technical Specifications
. . . . . . . . . . . 262
Description of specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Important information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Information on fuel consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Towing a trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Checking fluid levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Petrol engine 1.2 44 kW (60 PS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Petrol engine 1.2 51 kW (70 PS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Petrol engine/LPG 1.6 60 kW (81 PS) . . . . . . . . . 270
Petrol engine 1.2 TSI 63 kW (85 PS) . . . . . . . . . . 271
Petrol engine 1.4 63 kW (85 PS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Petrol engine 1.2 TSI 77 kW (105 PS) . . . . . . . . . 273
Petrol engine 1.2 TSI 77 kW (105 PS) Start-Stop 274
Petrol engine 1.6 77 kW (105 PS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Petrol engine 1.4 TSI 110 kW (150 PS) . . . . . . . . 276
Petrol engine 1.4 132 kW (180 PS) - Cupra . . . . . 277
Diesel engine 1.2 TDI CR 55 kW (75 PS) . . . . . . . 278
Diesel engine 1.6 TDI CR 66 kW (90 PS) DPF . . . . 279
Diesel engine 1.6 TDI CR 77 kW (105 PS) with/
without DPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Diesel engine 2.0 TDI CR 105 kW (143 PS) DPF . 281
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
4Table of Contents
Page 138 of 294
136Seats and storage
Note
● Ensure that, when placing items of clothing on the luggage compart-
ment cover, rear visibility is not reduced.
● If your vehicle has a storage compartment*, only place light objects in-
side.
Roof rack*
Please observe the following points if you intend to carry loads on the roof:
● For safety reasons, only luggage racks and accessories supplied by SEAT
Official Services are recommended.
● It is essential that you follow the assembly instructions included with
the bars exactly, being especially careful to position front and rear luggage
compartment cover bars on the special housings on the longitudinal bars.
You must also respect their position according to the direction of travel indi-
cated in the assembly manual. Not following these instructions may dam-
age the bodywork.
● Pay special attention to the tightening torque of the attachment bolts
and check them following a short journey. If necessary, retighten the bolts
and check them at regular intervals.
● Distribute the load evenly. A maximum load of 40 kg only is permitted
for each roof rack system support bar, the load must be distributed evenly
along the entire length. However, the maximum load permitted for the en-
tire roof (including the support system) of 75 kg must not be exceeded nor
should the total weight of the vehicle be exceeded. See the Technical Data
section.
● When transporting heavy or large objects on the roof, any change in the
normal vehicle behaviour due to a change in the centre of gravity or an in-
creased wind resistance must be taken into account. For this reason, a suit-
able speed and driving style must be used.
● For those vehicles fitted with a sliding/tilting sunroof*, ensure that it
does not interfere with the load on the roof rack system when opened.
Page 185 of 294
183
Driving and the environment
Avoid short journeys
To reduce the consumption and emission of polluting exhaust gases, the
engine and the exhaust gas filtration systems should reach the optimum
operating temperature.
With the engine cold, fuel consumption is proportionally higher. The engine
does not warm up and fuel consumption does not normalise until having
driven approximately four kilometres (2.5 miles). This is why we recommend
avoiding short trips whenever possible.
Maintain the correct tyre pressures
Bear in mind that keeping the tyres at an adequate pressure saves fuel. If
the tyre pressure is just one bar (14.5 psi / 100 kPa) too low, fuel consump-
tion can increase by as much as 5%. Due to the greater rolling resistance,
under-inflation also increases tyre wear and impairs handling.
The tyre pressures should always be checked when the tyres are cold.
Do not use winter tyres all year round as they increase fuel consumption by
up to 10%.
Avoid unnecessary weight
Given that every kilo of extra weight will increase the fuel consumption, it is
advisable to always check the luggage compartment to make sure that no
unnecessary loads are being transported.
A roof rack is often left in place for the sake of convenience, even when it is
no longer needed. At a speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) and 120 km/h
(75 mph) your vehicle will use about 12% more fuel as a result of the extra
wind resistance caused by the roof rack even when it is not in use.
Save electricity
The engine activates the alternator, which produces electricity. With the
need for electricity, fuel consumption is also increased. Because of this, al-
ways turn off electrical components when you do not need them. Examples
of components that use a lot of electricity are: the fan at high speeds, the
rear window heating or the seat heaters*.
Note
● If you vehicle has Start-Stop, it is not recommended to switch this func-
tion off.
● It is recommended to close the windows when driving at more than
60 km/h (37 mph)
● Do not drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal, as the pressure
can make the plate spin, more fuel will be used and it can burn the clutch
plate lining, causing a serious fault.
● Do not hold the vehicle on a hill with the clutch, use the foot brake or
hand brake, using the latter to start. The fuel consumption will be lower and
you will prevent the clutch plate from being damaged.
● On descents, use the engine brake, changing to the gear that is more
suitable for the slope. The fuel consumption will be lower and the brakes
will not suffer.
Environmental friendliness
Environmental protection is a top priority in the design, choice of materials
and manufacture of your new SEAT.
Constructive measures to encourage recycling
● Joints and connections designed for easy dismantling
● Modular construction to facilitate dismantling
● Increased use of single-grade materials.
● Plastic parts and elastomers are marked in accordance with ISO 1043,
ISO 11469 and ISO 1629.
Choice of materials
● Use of recycled materials.
● Use of compatible plastics in the same part if its components are not
easily separated.
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical Specifications
Page 190 of 294
188Vehicle maintenance and cleaning
Care of the vehicle exterior
Automatic car washing tunnel
The vehicle paintwork is so durable that the vehicle can normally be washed
without problems in an automatic car wash tunnel. However, the paintwork
wear depends to a large extent on the kind of the car wash tunnel, the
brushes used, its water filtering and the type of cleaning and preservative
products.
Before going through a car wash, be sure to take the usual precautions such
as closing the windows and sunroof. There is nothing to note apart from
that.
If the vehicle has special accessories such as spoilers or a roof rack or two-
way radio aerial, etc., it is advisable to consult the car wash tunnel operator.
After washing, the brakes could take some time to respond as the brake
discs and pads could be wet, or even frozen in winter. Dry the brakes by
braking several times.
WARNING
Water, ice and salt on the brake system can reduce braking effectiveness.
Risk of accident.
CAUTION
Before putting the vehicle through the car washing tunnel, do not tighten
the aerial if it is folded because it can be damaged. Washing by hand
Vehicle washing
–
First soften the dirt and rinse it off with water.
– Clean your vehicle from top to bottom with a soft sponge, a
glove or a brush. Use very light pressure.
– Rinse the sponge or glove often with clean water.
– Special car shampoo should only be used for very stubborn dirt.
– Leave the wheels, sill panels etc. until last, using a different
sponge or glove.
– Rinse the vehicle thoroughly with water.
– Dry the vehicle surface gently with a chamois leather.
– In cold temperature, dry the rubber seals and their surfaces to
prevent them from freezing. Apply silicone spray to the rubber
seals.
After washing the vehicle
– After washing, avoid sudden and sharp braking. Dry the brakes
by braking several times.
Page 224 of 294
222Checking and refilling levels
There are two different colours:
● Black: correct charge status.
● Transparent/clear yellow: the battery must be replaced. Contact a speci-
alised workshop.
Charging and changing the vehicle battery
The battery is maintenance-free and is checked during the
inspection service. All work on the vehicle battery requires
specialist knowledge.
If you often drive short distances or if the vehicle is not driven for long peri-
ods, the battery should be checked by a specialised workshop between the
scheduled services.
If the battery has discharged and you have problems starting the vehicle,
the battery might be damaged. If this happens, we recommend you have
the vehicle battery checked by a Technical Service where it will be re-charg-
ed or replaced.
Charging the battery
The vehicle battery should be charged by a specialised workshop only, as
batteries using special technology have been installed and they must be
charged in a controlled environment.
Replacing a vehicle battery
The battery has been developed to suit the conditions of its location and
has special safety features.
Genuine SEAT batteries fulfil the maintenance, performance and safety
specifications of your vehicle.
WARNING
● We recommend you use only maintenance-free or cycle free leak-proof
batteries which comply with standards T 825 06 and VW 7 50 73. This
standard applies as of 2001.
● Before starting any work on the batteries, you must read and observe
the warnings ⇒
in Warnings on handling the battery on page 220.
For the sake of the environment
Batteries contain toxic substances such as sulphuric acid and lead. They
must be disposed of appropriately and must not be disposed of with ordi-
nary household waste.
Wheels
General notes
Avoiding damage
– If you have to drive over a kerb or similar obstacle, drive very
slowly and at a right angle.
– Keep grease, oil and fuel off the tyres.
– Inspect the tyres regularly for damage (cuts, cracks or blisters,
etc.). Remove any foreign objects embedded in the treads.
Storing tyres
– When you remove the tyres, mark them in order to maintain the
same direction of rotation when they are installed again.
Page 290 of 294
Overviewcontrol lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Control lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Dash panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
warning lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Warning lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
P Paintwork Polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Panoramic sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Parking aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Parking lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Passenger see Correct sitting position . . . . . . . 10, 11, 12
Pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Petrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Driving abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Petrol additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Physical principles of a frontal collision . . . . . . 21
Plastic parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Plastic parts cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Pollen filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Pollution filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Power socket in the luggage compartment . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Power sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Products for vehicle maintenance . . . . . . . . . . 187 R
Radio frequency remote control . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Changing the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Rain sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Rear drink holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Rear fog light control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Rear head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Rear lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Emergency opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Rear parking aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Rear seat folding down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Rear shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Rear shelf with storage compartment Storage compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Rear view mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Rear window automatic wiper/washer . . . . . . 113
Rear window wiper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Recommended gear display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Refuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Remote control key Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Synchronising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Removing and fitting the wheel . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Repairs Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Replacement keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Replacement of parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Rev counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Reverse gear
Manual gearbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Roll-back function panoramic/tilting sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Roof aerial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Roof rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Rubber seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Running in Brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Running in tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
S Safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Safe driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Safety equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Safety instructions Coolant temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Safety notes Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Deactivating front passenger airbag . . . . . . 42
Front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Seat belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
288 Index
Page 291 of 294
Using child seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Using seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Seat adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 120
Seat belt cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Seat belt control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Seat belt position Pregnant women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Seat belt protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Seat belt release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Incorrectly fastened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Not worn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Safety notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Seat belt tensioner control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Seat belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Seat heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Security system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Selective opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Semiautomatic air conditioning controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Service interval display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Safety notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Side lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Single headlight bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Sitting position
driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Sitting position, occupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Snow chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227, 266
Soot accumulation in the diesel engine particu- late filter
control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Spanner symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Spare wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Speed selector lever lock control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Start-Stop Activating and deactivating . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Starting petrol engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150, 151
Starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150, 151 After the fuel tank has been run dry . . . . . 151
Steam jets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Steering lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Steering column controls Audio Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Steering wheel height adjustment . . . . . . . . . 147
Storage compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Front passenger side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Front right seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Sun visor Sliding/tilting sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Sun visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Switch
Hazard warning lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Heated rear window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Light switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Switches Electric windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
panoramic/tilting sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Switching off the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
T Tail lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Tank Fuel level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Reserve indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Tank capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Technical modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
The danger of not using the seat belt . . . . . . . . 22
Tightening torque of wheel bolts . . . . . . . . . . 266
Tilting sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Tire Mobility System (tyre repair kit) . . . . . . . . 235
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Top Tether system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Tow-starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Towing a trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 265
Towing bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Towing bracket, fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Towline anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Towline anchorages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Tow starting Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
289
Index