technical data Seat Leon 5D 2013 User Guide

241
Care and cleaning
Carbon components
The carbon parts on your vehicle have a painted surface. They do not need
any special care and are cleaned just like any other painted part
⇒ page 238. 
Paint damage
Minor damage to the paint, such as scratches or stone chips, should be
touched up without delay before the metal starts to corrode. Suitable touch-
up brushes or sprays for your car can be obtained from a SEAT Official Serv-
ice.
The number of the original paint finish on the vehicle is given on the data
sticker ⇒  page 305.
If corrosion is already visible it must be thoroughly removed by a special-
ised workshop. 
Windows
Clear vision is an essential safety factor.
The windscreen must not be cleaned with insect remover or wax, otherwise
the windscreen wipers will not function properly (juddering).
Traces of rubber, oil, grease or silicone can be removed with a window
cleaning solution or a silicone remover. Wax residue can only be removed
with a special cleaner. Your SEAT Official Service will be able to provide you
with more detailed information.
The windows should also be cleaned on the inside at regular intervals. Use a separate cloth or chamois to dry the windows. Cloths used for waxing
and polishing contain residues that will cause smears on the glass.
WARNING
Do not use water-repellent coatings on the windscreen. In bad visibility
conditions (e.g. in the rain, dark or with a low sun), these coatings may
cause dazzle: risk of accident! Such coatings can also cause the wind-
screen wiper blades to make noise.
CAUTION
● Remove snow and ice from windows and exterior mirrors with a plastic
scraper only. To avoid scratches caused by dirt on the glass, the scraper
should only be pushed in one direction and not moved to and fro.
● The heating element for the rear window is located on the inner side of
the window. To avoid damaging them, do not apply stickers to the heating
elements.
● Never use warm or hot water to remove snow and ice from windows and
mirrors. This could cause the glass to crack! 
Rims
The wheels require regular attention to preserve their appearance. It is im-
portant to remove road salt and brake dust by washing the wheels at regu-
lar intervals, otherwise the finish will be impaired.
After washing, the wheels should only be cleaned with an "acid-free" clean-
ing agent for alloy wheels. This is available from SEAT Official Services and
specialist retailers. Never leave the cleaning agent on the rims for any lon-
ger than specified in the instructions before rinsing it off. If the wheel clean-
er fluid contains acid it can attack the surfaces of the wheel bolts. 
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical specifications

272Accessories and modifications to the vehicle
Accessories and modifications to the vehicle
Accessories, replacement parts and repairs
Always ask your dealer or specialist retailer for advice be-
fore purchasing accessories and replacement parts.
Your vehicle is designed to offer a high standard of active and passive safe-
ty. For this reason, we recommend that you ask a SEAT Official Service for
advice before fitting accessories or replacement parts. Your SEAT Official
Service has the latest information from the manufacturer and can recom-
mend accessories and replacement parts which are suitable for your re-
quirements. They can also answer any questions you might have regarding
official regulations.
We recommend you to use only SEAT accessories and Genuine SEAT parts ®
.
SEAT has tested these parts and accessories for suitability, reliability and
safety. SEAT Official Services have the necessary experience and facilities to
ensure that the parts are installed correctly and professionally.
Any retro-fitted equipment which has a direct effect on the vehicle and/or
the way it is driven e.g. cruise control system or electronically-controlled
suspension, must bear the e mark (the European Union's authorisation
symbol) and be approved for use in the vehicle in question.
If any additional electrical components are fitted which do not serve to con-
trol the vehicle itself (for instance a refrigerator box, laptop or ventilator fan,
etc.), these must bear the  mark (manufacturer conformity declaration in
the European Union).
WARNING
Accessories, for example telephone holders or cup holders, should never
be fitted on the covers, or within the working range of the airbags. Other-
wise, there is a danger of injury if the airbag is triggered in an accident.
 Technical modifications
Modifications must always be carried out according to our
specifications.
Unauthorised modifications to the electronic components, software, wiring
or data transfer in the vehicle may cause malfunctioning. Due to the way the
electronic components are linked together in networks, other indirect sys-
tems may be affected by the faults. This can seriously impair safety, lead to
excessive wear of components, and also invalidate your vehicle registration
documents.
You will appreciate that your SEAT dealership cannot be held liable for any
damage caused by modifications and/or work performed incorrectly.
We recommend that all work should be performed by a SEAT Official Service
using Genuine SEAT parts
®
.
WARNING
Incorrectly performed modifications or other work on your vehicle can
lead to malfunctions and cause accidents.

Radio transmitters and business equipment
Radio transmitters (fixed installation)
Any retrofit installations of radio transmitters in the vehicle require prior ap-
proval. SEAT generally authorises in-vehicle installations of approved types
of radio transmitters provided that: 

304Technical specifications
Technical specifications
Technical specifications
Important
The information in the vehicle documentation always takes
precedence over the information in this Instruction Manual.
All technical specifications provided in this documentation are valid for the
standard model in Spain. The vehicle data card included in the Mainte-
nance Programme or the vehicle registration documentation shows which
engine is installed in the vehicle.
The figures may be different depending whether additional equipment is fit-
ted, for different models, for special vehicles and for other countries. Abbreviations used in the Technical Specifications sectionAbbrevia-
tionMeaning
kWKilowatt, engine power measurement.
PSPferdestärke (horsepower), formerly used to denote engine
power.
rpmRevolutions per minute - engine speed.NmNewton metres, unit of engine torque.litres per100 kmFuel consumption in litres per 100 km (70 miles).
g/kmCarbon dioxide emissions in grams per km (mile) travelled.CO 2Carbon dioxideCNCetane number, indication of the diesel combustion power.
RONResearch octane number, indication of the knock resistance
of petrol.

305
Technical specifications
Vehicle identification data
Fig. 200 Vehicle data
sticker (luggage compart-
ment)
Fig. 201 Chassis num-
ber. Chassis number in the Easy Connect
–
Select: Function button CAR
> control button
(Car)* Systems >
Service & Control > Chassis number .
Chassis number
The vehicle identification number is located in the Easy Connect, on the ve-
hicle data sticker and under the windscreen, on the driver side ⇒ Fig. 201.
Additionally, the chassis number is located in the engine compartment, on
the right-hand side. The number is engraved on the top side rail, and is par-
tially covered.
Type plate
The type plate is located on the right side door pillar. Vehicles for certain
export countries do not have a type plate.
Vehicle data sticker
The vehicle data sticker is under the carpet trim in the luggage compart-
ment, in the spare wheel well. A sticker with the vehicle data is attached to
the inside cover of the Maintenance Programme.
The following information is provided on the vehicle data sticker: ⇒ Fig. 200
Vehicle identification number (chassis number)
Vehicle type, model, displacement, engine type, finish, engine power
and gearbox type
Engine code, gearbox code, external paint code and internal equipment
code
Optional extras and PR numbers
Consumption values (l/100 km) and CO 2 emissions (g/km)
A
Urban consumption and CO 2 emissions
B Extra-urban consumption and CO 2 emissions
C Combined consumption and CO 2 emissions

1
2
3
45
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical specifications

306Technical specifications
Identifying letters
The identifying letters of the engine can be viewed on the instrument panel.
Important: The engine must be off and the ignition on.
● Hold down the 0.0/SET

4 ⇒ Fig. 38 button for more than 15 seconds. 
Information on fuel consumption
Fuel consumption
The consumption and emission details shown on the vehicle
data sticker differ from one vehicle to another. The vehicle fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions can be consulted on the
vehicle data sticker in the spare wheel well, inside the luggage compart-
ment and on the rear cover of the Maintenance Programme.
The fuel consumption and CO 2 emission values refer to the weight category
assigned to your vehicle according to the engine and gearbox combination,
as well as the specific equipment fitted, and is only used to compare be-
tween the different models.
The fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions do not depend only on the per-
formance of the vehicle, they can also differ from the established values de-
pending on other factors such as driving style, road conditions, traffic con-
ditions, environmental conditions, load and number of passengers.
Calculation of fuel consumption
The consumption values have been calculated based on measurements per-
formed or supervised by certified CE laboratories according to the latest ver-
sion of directives 715/2007/EC and 80/1268/CEE (for more information
consult the European Union Publications Office at EUR-Lex: © European Un- ion, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm) and are valid for the kerb
weight indicated for the vehicle.
Note
In practice, and considering all the factors mentioned here, consumption
values can differ from those calculated in the current European regulations. 
Weights
Kerb weight refers to the basic model with a fuel tank filled to 90% capacity
and without optional extras. The figure quoted includes 75 kg to allow for
the weight of the driver.
For special versions and optional equipment fittings or for the addition of
accessories, the weight of the vehicle will increase ⇒ 
.
WARNING
● Please note that the centre of gravity may shift when transporting
heavy objects; this may affect vehicle handling and lead to an accident.
Always adjust your speed and driving style to suit road conditions and re-
quirements.
● Never exceed the gross axle weight rating or the gross vehicle weight
rating. If the allowed axle load or the allowed total weight is exceeded,
the driving characteristics of the vehicle may change, leading to acci-
dents, injuries and damage to the vehicle.


307
Technical specifications
Towing a trailer Trailer weights
Trailer weight
The trailer weights and drawbar loads approved are selected in intensive tri-
als according to precisely defined criteria. The approved trailer weights are
valid for vehicles in the EU for maximum speeds of 80 km/h (50 mph) (in
certain circumstances up to 100 km/h, 60 mph). The figures may be differ-
ent in other countries. All data in the official vehicle documentation takes
precedence over these data at all times ⇒ 
.
Drawbar loads
The maximum permitted drawbar load on the ball joint of the towing bracket
must not exceed 80 kg.
In the interest of road safety, we recommend that you always tow approach-
ing the maximum drawbar load. The response of the trailer on the road will
be poor if the drawbar load is too small.
If the maximum permissible drawbar load cannot be met (e.g. with small,
empty and light-weight single axle trailers or tandem axle trailers with a
wheelbase of less than 1 metre), a minimum of 4% of the actual trailer
weight is legally required for the drawbar load.
WARNING
● For safety reasons, do not exceed the 80 km/h (50 mph) limit. This is
also valid in countries where higher speeds are permitted.
● Never exceed the maximum trailer weights or the drawbar load. If the
permissible axle load or the permissible total weight is exceeded, the
driving characteristics of the vehicle may change, leading to accidents,
injuries and damage to the vehicle.
 Wheels
Tyre pressure, snow chains, wheel bolts
Tyre pressures
The sticker with the tyre pressure values can be found on the inside of the
fuel tank flap. The tyre pressure values given there are for cold tyres. The
slightly raised pressures of warm tyres must not be reduced. ⇒ 
Snow chains
Snow chains may be fitted only to the front wheels, and only for the follow-
ing tyres:
195/65 R15Chains with links of maximum 15 mm205/55 R16Chains with links of maximum 15 mm225/45 R17Chains with links of maximum 9 mm225/40 R18Chains with links of maximum 9 mm
Wheel bolts
After the wheels have been changed, the tightening torque of the wheel
bolts should be checked as soon as possible with a torque wrench ⇒ 
.
The tightening torque for steel and alloy wheels is 120 Nm.
WARNING
● Check the tyre pressure at least once per month. Checking the tyre
pressure is very important. If the tyre pressure is too high or too low,
there is an increased danger of accidents, particularly at high speeds.
● If the tightening torque of the wheel bolts is too low, they could loos-
en while the vehicle is in motion. Risk of accident! If the tightening tor-
que is too high, the wheel bolts and threads can be damaged. 
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical specifications

315
Technical specifications
Petrol engine / CNG 1.4 81 kW (110 PS) 1)
Engine specifications
Power output in kW (PS) at rpmMaximum torque (Nm at rpm)No. of cylinders/capacity (cm
3
)Fuel81 (110)/ 5000200/ 1500-40004/1395CNGSuper 95 RON a)a)
Research Octane Number = Anti-detonation rating of the petrol.
PerformanceLEONTop speed (km/h)194 (V)Acceleration from 0-80 km/h (seconds)7Acceleration from 0-100 km/h (seconds)10.7Weights (in kg)Gross vehicle weight1840Weight in running order (with driver)1359Gross front axle weight910Gross rear axle weight980Permitted roof load75Maximum trailer weights (in kg)Trailer without brakes670Trailer with brakes, gradients up to 8%1700Trailer with brakes, gradients up to 12%1400
1) Provisional data as this edition goes to print.
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical specifications

323
Technical specifications
Dimensions
LEONLEON SCLEON STLength / Width (mm)4263/18164228/18104535/1816Height at kerb weight (mm)145914461454 a)Front and rear projections
(mm)853/774853/774853/1046
Wheelbase (mm)263626012636Turning circle diameter (m)10.9Front/rear b)
track width
(mm)1533 / 1504
1549 / 1520
a) Dimension to the roof bars.
b) This data will change depending on the type of wheel rim.








Filling capacities
Fuel tank capacityPetrol and diesel engines50 l, of which approx. 7 l are reserveNatural gas engine
a)approx. 15 Kga)
The capacity depends on the efficacy and characteristics of the natural gas pumps. The ca-
pacity given is based on a minimum loading pressure of 200 bars.
Windscreen washer fluid con-
tainer with headlight washera)
a)Data not available as this edition goes to print
Tyre pressureSummer tyres:
Correct tyre pressure can be seen on the sticker on the inside of the tank
flap.
Winter tyres:
The pressure of these tyres is 0.2 bar higher than that of summer tyres
(2.9 psi / 20 kPa).

Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical specifications

Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Parking system plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Rear parking aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Sensors/Camera: cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Towing bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Parking aid system see Parking aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Parking light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Parking (automatic gearbox) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Particulate filter (Diesel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Passenger see Correct sitting position . . . . . . . 11, 12, 13
Passenger's seat backrest folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Physical principles of a frontal collision . . . . . . 22
Plastic parts: Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240, 242
Polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Power socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Preheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Pressure (tyres) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Progressive steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
R Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Radar sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191, 204
Radio display: cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Radio transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Rain sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Control of function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Rear lid automatic locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Central locking system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Manual release in an emergency . . . . . . . 101
see also luggage compartment . . . . . . . . . 100
Rear lights Changing a bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Rear seat folding down and lifting backrest . . . . . . . 138
Rear seat backrest folding down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Rear vision mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Rear vision mirrors Adjusting the exterior mirrors . . . . . . . . . . 125
see also Rear vision mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Rear wiper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Reflective vests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Refuelling natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Remote control See "Keys" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Remote control key Unlocking/Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Remove the wheel cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Replacement parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Reservoir capacity Windscreen washer water reservoir . . . . . 125 Reset button (trip recorder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Reset the trip recorder to zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Retaining hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
retractable rear shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Retrofitting a towing bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Rev counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 66
Reverse gear (automatic gearbox) . . . . . . . . . 173
Rims
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
RME (fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Roll-back function Panoramic sliding sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Roof carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Roof carrier system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Roof load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Running in New brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
New engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
New tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
S Safe driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Safelock see Anti-theft security system . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 child safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
child seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Safety equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Safety first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
332 Index

SymbolsSee "Lamps" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
System Automatic dipped beam control . . . . . . . . 112
System Easy Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Systems ACC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
adaptive cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
monitoring system Front Assist . . . . . . . . . 202
Tiredness detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Tyre monitoring indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Tyre monitoring systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
T Tailboard for transporting long objects . . . . . 144
Technical data Reservoir capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
roof load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Technical modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Temperature display Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Outside temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 73
The danger of not using the seat belt . . . . . . . . 23
Things to note natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
natural gas fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Tightening torque of wheel bolts . . . . . . . . . . 307
tiptronic (automatic gearbox) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Tiptronic (automatic gearbox) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Tiredness detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Top Tether system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 56
Tow-away protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Tow-starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Tow-starting the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Towing
Retrofitting a towing bracket . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Towing a trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234, 307
Towing bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Towline anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Traction control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Trailer Parking aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Trailer weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Transporting children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Transporting objects Fastening rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Net bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
retaining hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Roof carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
roof carrier system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Roof carrier system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
tailboard for transporting long objects . . . 144
Trim parts: cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Trims: Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Trip recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 67
Turning off the lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Turning on the headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Turn signal convenience function . . . . . . . . . . 110
Turn signal lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Tyre
Tyre pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Useful life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Tyre Mobility System (Tyre repair kit) . . . . . . . 275
Tyre monitoring indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Tyre monitoring system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Tyre monitoring systems Control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Tyre monitoring indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Tyre pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Tyre repair kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Tyres Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Indications of wear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Repair kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274, 275
With compulsory direction of rotation . . . 281
U Unlocking/Locking With remote control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
With the central locking switch . . . . . . . . . . 94
Upholstery: Cleaning Alcantara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
V
Vehicle Identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Raising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
334 Index