brake sensor Seat Leon 5D 2017 Owner's manual

Emergencies
Vehicle fuses Fig. 101
On the driver-side dash panel: fuse
bo x
c
over. Fig. 102
In the engine compartment: fuse box
c o
v

er. Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›

 page 63
Only replace fuses with a fuse of the same
amperage (same colour and markings) and
size. Opening and closing the fuse box situated
below the da

sh panel
● Opening: fold the cover down ››
› Fig. 101.
● Closing: push back the cover it in until it
clic
ks into place.
To open the engine compartment fuse box
● Open the bonnet  ›››
page 270.
● Press the locking tabs to release the fuse
box c
over ››› Fig. 102.
● Then lift the cover out.
● To fit the cover, place it on the fuse box.
Pu
sh the locking tabs down until they click
audibly into place.
Fuses in the vehicle interior
No.Consumers/Amps
4Taxis3
5Gateway5
6Automatic gearbox lever5
7Air conditioning and heating control
panel, heating the back window.10
8Diagnosis, handbrake switch, light
switch, reverse light, interior lighting,
lit-up door sill10
9Steering column5
10Radio display7.5
11Left lights40
No.Consumers/Amps
12Radio20
14Air conditioner fan40
15KESSY10
16Connectivity Box.7.5
17Instrument panel7.5
18Rear camera7.5
19KESSY7.5
214x4 Haldex Control Unit15
22Trailer15
23Sunroof30
24Right lights40
25Left door30
26Heated seats20
27Interior light30
28Trailer25
32Parking aid control unit, front camera,
radar7.5
33Airbag5
34Reverse switch, climate sensor, electro-
chromic mirror, rear power sockets
(USB)7.5
35Diagnosis, headlight control unit,
headlight adjuster10 102

Fuses and bulbsNo.Consumers/Amps
36Right LED headlight7.5
37Left LED headlight7.5
38Trailer25
39Right door30
4012V socket20
42Central locking40
43SEAT Sound, beats sound CAN and
MOST.30
44Trailer15
45Electric driver's seat15
47Rear window wiper15
49Starter motor; clutch sensor5
52Driving mode.15
53Heated rear window30
Fuse arrangement in engine compartment
No.Consumers/Amps
1ESP control unit25
2ESP control unit40/60
3Engine control unit (diesel/pet-
rol)30/15
4Engine sensors5/10
No.Consumers/Amps
5Engine sensors7.5/10
6Brake light sensor5
7Engine power supply5/10
8Lambda probe10/15
9Engine5/10/20
10Fuel pump control unit10/15/20
11PTC40
12PTC40
13Automatic gearbox control unit15/30
15Horn15
16Fuel pump control unit5/15/20
17Engine control unit7.5
18Terminal 30 (positive reference)5
19Front windscreen washer30
20Alarm horn10
22Engine control unit5
23Starter motor30
24PTC40
31Electronic differential CUPRA15
33Automatic gearbox pump30
CAUTION
● Alw a

ys carefully remove the fuse box cov-
ers and refit them correctly to avoid problems
with your vehicle.
● Protect the fuse boxes when open to avoid
the entry of
dust or humidity. Dirt and humid-
ity inside fuse boxes can cause damage to
the electrical system. Note
● In the v ehic

le, there are more fuses than
those indicated in this chapter. These should
only be changed by a specialised workshop.
● Positions not containing a fuse do not ap-
pear in the fo
llowing tables.
● Some of the equipment listed in the tables
below pert
ain only to certain versions of the
model or are optional extras.
● Please note that the above lists, while cor-
rect at
the time of printing, are subject to
change. Changing bulbs
Topic
intr

oduction Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›

 page 64.
Changing bulbs requires a certain degree of
practical skill. »
103
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Operation
at a higher speed than the inner wheel. In
thi s
w
ay, the wheel that is turning faster (out-
er wheel) receives less drive torque than the
inner wheel. This may mean that in certain
situations the torque delivered to the inner
wheel is too high, causing the wheels to
spin. On the other hand, the outer wheel is
receiving a lower drive torque than it could
transmit. This causes an overall loss of lateral
grip on the front axle, resulting in understeer
or “lengthening” of the trajectory.
The XDS system can detect and correct this
effect via the sensors and signals of the ESC.
Via the ESC, the XDS will brake the inside
wheel and counter the excess driving torque
of that wheel. This means that the driver's
desired trajectory is much more precise.
The XDS system works in combination with
the ESC and is always active, even when ASR
traction control is disconnected, or the ESC in
Sport mode or disconnected.
Multi-collision Brake
In an accident, the multi-collision brake can
help the driver by braking to avoid the risk of
skidding during the accident, which could
lead to further collisions.
The multi-collision brake works for front, side
or rear accidents, when the airbag control
unit records its activation level and the acci-
dent takes place at a speed of over 10 km/h
(6 mph). The ESC automatically brakes the vehicle, as long as the accident has not dam-
aged the ESC, the br
ake hydraulics or the on-
board network
The following actions control automatic brak-
ing during the accident:
● When the driver presses the accelerator,
the automatic
braking does not take place.
● When the braking pressure through press-
ing the brak
e pedal is greater than the sys-
tem’s braking pressure the vehicle will brake
automatically.
● Multi-collision braking will not be available
if ESC
is malfunctioning. WARNING
● The ESC, ABS, ASR, EDL, el ectr

onic self-
locking differential or selective torque control
systems cannot exceed the limits imposed by
the laws of physics. Always bear this in mind,
especially on wet or slippery roads. If you no-
tice the systems cutting in, you should re-
duce your speed immediately to suit the road
and traffic conditions. Do not be encouraged
to take risks by the presence of more safety
systems. If you do, an accident may occur.
● Please remember that the accident risk al-
way
s increases if you drive fast, especially in
corners or on a slippery road, or if you follow
too close behind the vehicle in front of you.
The ESC, ABS, brake assist, EDL, electronic
self-locking and selective torque control sys-
tems cannot prevent accidents: risk of acci-
dents! ●
Ac c

elerate with caution on slippery surfa-
ces (for example, icy or snow-covered). De-
spite the control systems, the driven wheels
could spin, affecting the stability of the vehi-
cle: risk of accident! Note
● The ABS and ASR w i

ll only operate correctly
if the four wheels have identical tyres. Any
differences in the rolling radius of the tyres
can cause the system to reduce engine power
when this is not desired.
● The regulating processes of the systems
can mak
e noises when they intervene.
● If the warning lamp  lights up
, or  alter-
natively, there could be a fault ››› page 119. Switching on/off the ESC and ASR
Fig. 197
Centre console: Button for switching
on/off the E
SC

and ASR188

Operation
Stopping/Starting the engine Vehicles with a manual gearbox
– Before stopping the vehicle or when it is
stop
ped, put it into neutral and release the
clutch pedal. The engine will switch off. The
warning lamp  will appear on the instru-
ment panel display. The engine may stop
before the vehicle comes to a halt in the
deceleration phase (at 7 km/h).
– When the clutch pedal is pressed the en-
gine wil

l start up again. The warning lamp
will switch off.
Vehicles with an automatic gearbox – Use the foot brake to bring the vehicle to a
stop and k

eep the brake pedal pressed
down with your foot. The engine will switch
off. The warning lamp  will appear in the
display. The engine may stop before the ve-
hicle comes to a halt in the deceleration
phase (at 7 km/h or 2 km/h, depending on
the vehicle’s gearbox).
– When you take your foot off the brake pedal
the engine wi

ll start up again. The warning
lamp will switch off. In vehicles with the Au-
to Hold* system, when the system is active,
the engine will not start if you remove your
foot from the brake pedal. The car starts
when you press the accelerator pedal. Additional information related to the auto-
matic g

earbox
The engine stops when the selector lever is in
the positions P, D, N and S, in addition to
when in manual mode. With the selector lev-
er in position P, the engine will also remain
switched off when you take your foot off the
brake pedal. In order to start the engine up
again the accelerator must be pressed, or an-
other gear engaged or the brake released.
If the selector lever is placed in position R
during the stopping phase, the engine will
start up again.
Change from position D to P to prevent the
engine from accidentally starting when
changing and passing by position R.
Additional information about vehicles with
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
In vehicles with ACC function, the engine will
start up again in certain operating conditions
if the radar sensor detects that the vehicle
ahead drives off again. Note
● In v ehic

les with an automatic gearbox, you
can control whether the engine should switch
off or not by reducing or increasing the brake
force applied. While the vehicle remains stop-
ped, the engine will not stop if the brake ped-
al is slightly pressed, in traffic jams with fre-
quent stopping and starting for example. As soon as strong pressure is applied to the
brak
e ped

al, the engine will stop.
● In vehicles with manual gearbox, during
the stop
ping phases the brake pedal must re-
main depressed to prevent the vehicle from
moving.
● If the engine “stalls” in vehicles with man-
ual g
earbox, it can be directly started up
again by immediately pressing the clutch
pedal. General notes
The system can interrupt the Start-Stop mode
fr
equently
f

or different reasons.
The engine does not switch off
Before the stopping phase, the system veri-
fies whether certain conditions are met. The
engine does not switch off, in the following
situations for example:
● The engine has not yet reached the mini-
mum required t
emperature for the Start-Stop
mode.
● The interior temperature selected for the air
conditioner ha
s not yet been reached.
● The interior temperature is very high/low.
● Defrost function button activated
›› ›

 page 52.
● The parking aid* is switched on.
206

Driver assistance systems
The function is intended to prevent collisions
w ith p
ark
ed vehicles or vehicles in the same
lane travelling in the same direction, or with
pedestrians crossing the vehicle’s path. It
may fail to activate in other danger situa-
tions.
The Front Assist function is active within a
range of speeds between 4 km/h (2.5 mph)
and 250 km/h (156 mph). Depending on
speed, traffic conditions and driver behav-
iour, some of the sub-functions described be-
low are omitted in order to optimise the sys-
tem’s general behaviour.
The Front Assist is a driving assistance func-
tion that can never replace the driver’s atten-
tion.
Safety distance warning
If the system detects a situation of danger
because the vehicle is too close to the vehi-
cle ahead, it will warn the driver by means of
an indication on the instrument panel display
.
The timing of the warning varies depending
on driver behaviour and the traffic situation.
Advance warning
If the system detects a possible collision with
the vehicle in front, it may alert the driver by
means of an audible warning and an indica-
tion on the instrument panel display
››› Fig. 204. The warning moment varies depending on
the traffic s
ituation and driver behaviour. At
the same time, the vehicle will prepare for a
possible emergency braking ››› .
C ritic
a

l warning
If the driver fails to react to the pre-warning
(advance warning), the system may actively
intervene in the brakes and generate a brief
jolt to warn the driver of the imminent danger
of a collision.
Automatic braking
If the driver also fails to react to the critical
warning, the system may initiate independ-
ent emergency braking by progressively in-
creasing the braking effect in accordance
with how critical the situation is.
Driver emergency brake assist system
Faced with an imminent collision, the system
may detect that the driver is not braking hard
enough to avoid the collision. In this case, it
will automatically increase the braking effect.
Due to certain driving circumstances and the
limitations of its operation, there are some
cases in which the system cannot prevent a
collision, although it can significantly mini-
mise the consequences by reducing the
speed and the force of the impact. WARNING
Observe the safety warnings ›››
in Warning
and contr o
l lamps on page 119. WARNING
The Front Assist system cannot change the
la w

s of physics or replace the driver in terms
of keeping control of the vehicle and reacting
to a possible emergency situation. WARNING
Following a Front Assist emergency warning,
pa y

immediate attention to the situation and
try to avoid the collision by braking or by
dodging the obstacle, as applicable.
● If the Front Assist does not work as descri-
bed in this c
hapter (e.g. it repeatedly inter-
venes unnecessarily), switch it off.
● Adapt your speed and safe distance to the
vehicl
e in front of you at all times to suit visi-
bility, weather, road and traffic conditions.
● The Front Assist alone cannot avoid acci-
dents and seriou
s injuries.
● In complex driving situations, occasionally
the Front As
sist may issue warnings and in-
tervene in braking unnecessarily, for example
at traffic islands.
● If the operation of the Front Assist is im-
paired, f
or example, by dirt or because the ra-
dar sensor has lost its settings, the system
may issue unnecessary warnings and inter-
vene inopportunely in the braking. » 211
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Operation
●
The Front As
sist does not react to animals
or vehicles crossing your path or approaching
head-on down the same lane.
● The Front Assist does not react to pedes-
trians
walking in the same direction or ap-
proaching head-on down the same lane.
● The driver must always be ready to take
over the c
ontrol of the vehicle.
● When the Front Assist causes a braking,
the brake ped
al is “harder”.
● Automatic interventions by the Front Assist
on the brake
s may be interrupted by pressing
the clutch, accelerator or moving the wheel. Note
● When the Front As

sist is connected, the in-
dications on the instrument panel screen may
be concealed by warnings from other func-
tions, such as an incoming call.
● When the Front Assist causes a braking,
the brake ped
al is “harder”.
● Automatic interventions by the Front Assist
on the brake
s may be interrupted by pressing
the clutch, accelerator or moving the wheel.
● The Front Assist may brake the vehicle until
it st
ops completely. However, the brake sys-
tem does not halt the vehicle permanently.
Use the foot brake!
● If the Front Assist does not work as descri-
bed in this c
hapter (e.g. in intervenes several
times unnecessarily), switch it off. Have the
system checked by a specialised workshop.
SEAT recommends visiting a SEAT dealership. Radar sensor
Fig. 205
On the front bumper: radar sensor. A radar sensor is installed on the front bump-
er t
o det
ermine the tr

affic situation
››› Fig. 205 1 .
The r a
d

ar sensor's visibility may be impaired
by dirt, mud or snow, or by environmental in-
fluences such as rain or mist. In this case, the
Front Assist does not work. The instrument
panel displays the following message:
Front Assist: No sensor vision! If
necessary clean the radar sensor ››› .
When the r a
d

ar sensor begins to operate
properly again, the Front Assist will automati-
cally be available again. The message will
disappear from the instrument panel display.
Front Assist operation may be affected by a
strong radar reverse reflection. This may oc-
cur, for example, in a closed car park or due to the presence of metallic objects (e.g. rails
on the roa

d or sheets used in road works).
The area in front of and around the radar sen-
sor should not be covered with adhesives,
additional or similar headlights, as this may
negatively affect Front Assist operation.
If the front of the vehicle is not properly re-
paired or structural modifications are made
to it, for example if the suspension is low-
ered, Front Assist operation may be affected.
SEAT recommends visiting a SEAT dealership
for this purpose. CAUTION
If you have the sensation that the radar sen-
sor is d

amaged or has lost its settings, dis-
connect the Front Assist. This will avoid pos-
sible dangerous situations caused by a sys-
tem malfunction. If this occurs have it adjus-
ted.
● The sensor may become damaged or lose
its settin
gs when knocked, for example, dur-
ing a parking manoeuvre. This may compro-
mise the system's efficacy or disconnect it.
● Repairs to the radar sensor require special-
ist
knowledge and special tools. SEAT recom-
mends visiting a SEAT dealership for this pur-
pose.
● A registration plate or plate holder on the
front th
at is larger than the space for the reg-
istration plate, or a registration plate that is
curved or warped can cause the radar to mal-
function. 212

Operation
● If the
v
ehicle is on a test bed.
● When the radar sensor is damaged.
● If the radar sensor takes a heavy knock, for
examp
le in a rear collision.
● If it intervenes several times unnecessarily.
● If the radar sensor is covered temporarily
with some kind of
accessory, such as an ad-
ditional headlight or the like.
● When the vehicle is to be loaded on a lorry,
ferry
or train.
System limitations The Front Assist has certain physical limita-
tion
s
inher

ent to the system. Thus, in certain
circumstances, some of the system's reac-
tions may be inopportune from the driver's
standpoint. So pay attention in order to inter-
vene if necessary.
The following conditions may cause the Front
Assist not to react or to do so too late:
● In the first few instants of driving after
switc
hing on the ignition, due to the system’s
initial auto-calibration.
● On taking tight bends or complex paths.
● Pressing the accelerator all the way down.
● If the Front Assist is switched off or dam-
aged. ●
If the ASR ha
s been disconnected or the
ESC activated in Sport mode manually
››› page 188.
● If the ESC is controlling.
● If several brake lights of the vehicle or elec-
trically
connected trailer are damaged.
● If the radar sensor is dirty or covered.
● If there are metal objects, e.g. rails on the
roa
d or sheets used in road works.
● If the vehicle is reversing.
● If the vehicle over-accelerates.
● In case of snow or heavy rain.
● In case of narrow vehicles, such as motor-
bike
s.
● Misaligned vehicles.
● Vehicles crossing the other's path.
● Vehicles approaching in the opposite direc-
tion.
● Special loads and accessories of other ve-
hicle
s that jut out over the sides, backwards
or over the top. Adaptive Cruise Control ACC*
Relat
ed video Fig. 207
Safety Introduction
Fig. 208
Detection area. The adaptive cruise control (ACC)
is
an e
xten-
sion of the normal cruise control system
(CCS) ››› .
The A C
C

function allows the driver to program
a cruise speed of between 30 and 210 km/h
214

Driver assistance systems
(18 and 150 mph) and to select the distance
r equir
ed w
ith regard to the vehicle in front.
The ACC will adapt the vehicle's cruise speed
at all times, maintaining a safe distance with
the vehicle in front based on its speed.
When driving behind another vehicle, the
ACC function reduces speed until it is the
same as that of the vehicle ahead and main-
tains the set distance between the vehicles.
If the vehicle ahead accelerates, the adaptive
cruise control also accelerates, going no
higher than the target speed programmed.
If the vehicle is equipped with automatic
gearbox, the ACC can brake the vehicle until
it stops completely if a vehicle in front of it
stops.
The distance programmed should be in-
creased when the road surface is wet.
Driver intervention prompt
During driving, the ACC is subject to certain
limitations inherent in the system. In other
words, in certain circumstances the driver will
have to adjust speed him or herself, as well
as the distance from other vehicles.
In this case, the instrument panel screen will
warn you to intervene by applying the brake
and a warning tone will be heard
››› page 216. WARNING
The intelligent technology in the ACC cannot
ov er

come the system's inherent limitations
or change the laws of physics. If used negli-
gently or involuntarily, it may cause serious
accidents and injuries. The system is not a re-
placement for driver awareness.
● Adapt your speed and safe distance to the
vehicl
e in front of you at all times to suit visi-
bility, weather, road and traffic conditions.
● Do not use the ACC when visibility is bad,
on steep r
oads, with several bends or in slip-
pery circumstances such as snow, ice, rain or
loose gravel, or on flooded roads.
● Never use the ACC when driving off-road or
on unpav
ed roads. The ACC has been de-
signed for use on paved roads only.
● The ACC does not react on approaching a
fixed o
bstacle, such as the tail of a traffic
jam, a damaged vehicle or a vehicle stopped
at the traffic lights.
● The ACC only reacts to people if a pedes-
trian monitorin
g system is available. In addi-
tion, the system does not react to animals or
vehicles crossing your path or approaching
head-on down the same lane.
● If the ACC does not reduce speed sufficient-
ly, brak
e the vehicle immediately by applying
the pedal.
● If you are driving using the spare wheel,
the ACC
system could automatically switch
off during the journey. Switch off the system
when starting off. ●
If the v

ehicle continues to move involuntar-
ily after a driver intervention prompt, brake
the vehicle by applying the pedal.
● If the dash panel displays a driv
er interven-
tion prompt, adjust the distance yourself.
● The driver should be ready to accelerate or
brake b
y him/herself at all times. CAUTION
If you have the sensation that the radar sen-
sor i s d

amaged, disconnect the ACC. This will
avoid possible damage. If this occurs have it
adjusted.
● Repairs to the radar sensor require special-
ist
knowledge and special tools. SEAT recom-
mends visiting a SEAT dealership for this pur-
pose. Note
● If the A C

C system does not work as descri-
bed in this chapter, do not use it until it has
been checked by a specialised workshop.
SEAT recommends visiting a SEAT dealership
for this purpose.
● Maximum speed with the ACC activated is
limited to 210 km/h (150 mph).
● When the A

CC is switched on, strange
noises
may be heard during automatic brak-
ing cause by the braking system. 215
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Driver assistance systems
When the ACC function is active, the vehicle
tr av
el
s at a set speed and distance from the
vehicle ahead. Both speed and distance can
be changed at any time.
Disconnecting and deactivating the ACC
To disconnect the ACC move the lever to the 0 position
›››
Fig. 211
(en
gaged). An ACC
deactivated message appears and the
function is totally deactivated.
If you do not wish to disconnect the ACC, just
to switch it temporarily to inactive mode
(Standby), move the third lever to position 3›››
Fig. 211 or pre s
s the brake pedal.
It will also switch to inactive mode (Standby)
if the vehicle is stopped and the driver door
is opened.
Adjusting the default distance level at the
start of your journey.
In wet road conditions, you should always set
a larger distance with regard to the vehicle in
front than when driving in dry conditions.
The following distances can be preselected:
● Very short
● Short
● Media
● Long
● Very long In the Easy Connect system you can adjust
the dis
t

ance level that will be applied when
the ACC is connected using the  button
and the S
ET
TINGS and
Driv
er a
s
sistance function
b utt
on
s ›››
 page 33.
Changing the driving profile
In vehicles with SEAT Drive Profile , the driving
profile selected can have an influence on the
ACC’s acceleration and braking behaviour
››› page 230.
In vehicles without SEAT Drive Profile , the be-
haviour of the ACC can also be affected by se-
lecting any of the following drive profiles in
the Easy Connect system:
● Normal
● Sport
● Eco
● Convenience
In this c
ase, you should access the ACC set-
tings using the  button and the
S
ET
TINGS >
Driv er a
s

sistance >
A
C
C function buttons
› ›
›
 page 33.
The following conditions may lead the ACC
not to react:
● If the accelerator is pressed.
● If there is no gear engaged.
● If the ESC is controlling. ●
If the driver i
s not wearing his/her seat
belt.
● If several brake lights of the vehicle or elec-
trically
connected trailer are damaged.
● If the vehicle is reversing.
● Driving faster than 210 km/h (150 mph).
Driver mes
sages
 ACC not available
The system can no longer continue to guar-
antee safe vehicle detection and will be de-
activated. The sensor has lost its setting or is
damaged. Take the vehicle to a specialised
workshop and have the fault repaired.  ACC and Front Assist: cur-
rently not available. No sensor
vision
This message will be displayed to the driver if
the radar sensor's vision is impaired due, for
example, to leaves, snow, heavy fog or dirt.
Clean the SEAT badge ››› Fig. 210.
 ACC: currently not available.
Gradient too steep
The maximum road slope has been excee-
ded, hence safe ACC operation cannot be
guaranteed. The ACC cannot be switched on.  ACC: only available in D, S
or M
Select the D/S or M position on the selector
lever. »
219Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Operation
Special driving situations Fig. 214
(A) Vehicle on a bend. (B) Motorcy-
c li
s
t ahead out of range of the radar sensor. Fig. 215
(C) Vehicle changing lanes. (D) One
v ehic
l

e turning and another stationary. The adaptive cruise control (ACC) has certain
ph
y
s

ical limitations inherent in the system.
For example, certain reactions of the ACC, in
certain circumstances, may be unexpected or
come late from the driver's point of view. So
pay attention in order to intervene if necessa-
ry.
For example, the following traffic situations
call for the utmost attention:
Starting driving after a stopping phase (only
vehicles with automatic gearbox)
After a stopping phase, the ACC may begin
driving automatically when the vehicle in
front drives off ››› .When the ACC halts the vehicle (e.g. traffic
j
am), the in
s

trument panel display shows the
ACC ready to start message. If the ve-
hicle ahead drives off again, the ACC will also
do so automatically.
If the vehicle ahead does not drive off again,
the vehicle can be kept indefinitely in the
ACC ready to start status by operating
the third lever repeatedly towards position 2
› ››
Fig. 211
or b
y pressing the brake pedal.
If the Press the brake message is shown
on the instrument panel, press the brake. If
you do not, an acoustic warning will be heard
and the ACC will switch to inactive mode
(Standby). At this point, the vehicle may be-
gin to move towards the stopped vehicle
ahead ››› .
Ov er
t

aking
When the turn signal lights up before the ve-
hicle begins an overtaking manoeuvre, the
ACC accelerates the vehicle automatically
and thus reduces the distance from the vehi-
cle in front.
When the vehicle enters the overtaking lane,
if the ACC does not detect another vehicle in
front, it accelerates until it reaches the pro-
grammed speed and maintains it.
System acceleration can be interrupted at
any time by pressing the brake or moving the
third lever backwards ››› page 218.
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