wheel alignment SSANGYONG MUSSO 2003 User Guide

SECTION 2B
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTSSPECIFICATIONS
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS
Application CamberCaster
Toe-in
King Pin Inclination Description
0° ± 30'
2 °30' ± 30'
0 - 4 mm 12 °30'
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-1
Wheel Alignment Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-1
Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-2 Tire Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-2
Radial Tire Lead/Pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-3
Vibration Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-5
Maintenance and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-6
On-Vehicle Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-6Wheel Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-6
General Description and System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-9
Four Wheel Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-9
Toe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-9
Caster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-9
Camber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2B-9

2B-2 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
DIAGNOSIS
TIRE DIAGNOSIS Irregular and Premature Wear Irregular and premature tire wear has many causes. Some of them are incorrect inflation pressures, lack of regular rotation, poor driving habits, or improper wheelalignment. Rotate the tires if :
The front tire wear is different from the rear.
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The left and right rear tire wear is unequal, Check wheel alignment if :
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The wear is uneven across the tread of either fronttire.
The front tire treads are scuffed with “feather” edgeson the side of the tread ribs or blocks.
Tread Wear Indicators The original equipment tires have built-in tread wear indicators to show when the tires need replacement. These indicators appear as bands when the tire tread
depth becomes shallow. Tire replacement isrecommended when the indicators appear in three ormore grooves at six locations.
Radial Tire Waddle
Waddle is side-to-side movement at the front or rear of the vehicle. It is caused by the steel belt not being straightwithin the tire, or by excessive lateral runout of the tireor wheel. The vehicle must be road tested to determine which end of the vehicle has the faulty tire. The rear end of the vehicle will shake from side to side or “waddle” if the
waddle tire is on the rear of the vehicle. From the driver’ sseat, it feels as though someone is pushing on the sideof the vehicle. If the faulty tire is on the front of the vehicle, the waddle is more visual. The front sheet meld appears to be moving back and forth, and the drivers seat feelslike the pivot point in the vehicle.
Waddle can be diagnosed using the method of substituting known good tire and wheel assemblies onthe problem vehicle
1. Road test the vehicle to determine if the waddle is coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
2. Install good tires and wheels from a similar vehicle in place of those on the offending end of the problem vehicle. If the source of the waddle is not obvious, change the rear tires.

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-3
3. Road test the vehicle. If there is improvement, installthe original tires to find the offending tire. If there is no a straight improvement, install good tires in place of all four offending tires.
4. Install original tires one at a time to find the offending tire.
RADIAL TIRE LEAD/PULL Lead/pull is the deviation of the vehicle from a straight path on a level road with no pressure on the steeringwheel. Lead is usually caused by:
Incorrect alignment.
Uneven brake adjustment.
Tire construction.
The way in which a tire is built can produce lead/pull in
the vehicle.011-center belts on radial tires can causethe tire to develop a side force while the vehicle rolls straight down the road. If one side of the tire has even a little larger diameter than the diameter of the other side,the tire will tend to roll to one side. Unequal diameterswill cause the tire to develop a side force which canproduce vehicle lead/pull. The radial lead/pull diagnosis chart should be used to determine whether the problem originates from an alignment problem or from the tires. Part of the leaddiagnosis procedure calls for tire rotation that is differentfrom the proper tire rotation pattern. If a medium- to high-mileage tire is moved to the other side of the vehicle, be sure to check for ride roughness. Rear tires will not cause lead/pull.

2B-4 WHEEL ALIGNMENT1. Perform wheel alignment preliminary inspection.
2. Check the brakes for dragging.
3. Road test the vehicle.Does the vehicle lead/pull?
1. Cross switch the front tire and wheel assemblies. 2. Road test the vehicle. Does the vehicle lead/pull? 1. Check the front wheel alignment. Is the alignment within specifications?
1. Compare the front camber and front caster to specifications.Are they within specifications?
1. Check the vehicle frame. Is the frame bent?
1. Straighten the frame. Is the repair complete?
1. The probable cause is the tires.
2. Switch the left front tire and wheel assembly with
the left rear tire and wheel assembly.
3. Road test the vehicle. Does the vehicle still lead/pull?
1. Switch the left front tire and wheel assembly with the left rear tire and wheel assembly and replace theleft front tire. Does the repair complete?
1. Switch the right front tire and wheel assembly with
the right rear tire and wheel assembly.
2. Road test the vehicle. Does the vehicle still lead/pull?
1. Switch the right front tire and wheel assembly with the right rear tire and wheel assembly and replace the right front tire. Is the repair complete? Action
Radial Tire Lead/Pull Diagnosis Chart
Step
1Values(s)
- Ye s
Go to Step 2
Go to Step 3
Go to Step 4
Go to Step 7
Go to Step 6
Go to Step 3
Go to Step 9
System OK
Go to Step 1
System OK No
System OK System OK Adjust
alignment
Go to Step 5
Go to Step 1
-
Go to Step 8
Go to Step 1
Go to Step 10
Go to Step 1
2 345 6 7 8 9
10 - - - - - - - - -

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-5
VIBRATION DIAGNOSIS Wheel imbalance causes most highway speed vibration problems. A vibration can remain after dynamicbalancing because:
A tire is out of round.
A rim is out of round.
A tire stiffness variation exists.
Measuring tire and wheel free runout will uncover only part of the problem, All three causes, known as loadedradial runout, must be checked using method of substituting known good tire and wheel assemblies on the problem vehicle. Preliminary Checks Prior to performing any work, always road test the car and perform a careful visual inspection for:

Obvious tire and wheel runout.
Obvious drive axle runout.
Improper tire inflation.
Incorrect trim height.
Bent or damaged wheels.
Debris build-up on the tire or the wheel.
Irregular or excessive tire wear.
Improper tire bead seating on the rim,
Imperfections in the tires, including: tread deformations, separations, or bulges from impactdamage. Slight sidewall indentations are normal and
will not affect ride quality.
Tire Balancing Balance is the easiest procedure to perform and should be done first if the vibration occurs at high speeds. Do an off-vehicle, two-plane dynamic balance first to correct
any imbalance in the tire and wheel assembly. An on-vehicle finish balance will correct any brake drum,
rotor, or wheel cover imbalance, If balancing does not correct the high-speed vibration, or if the vibration occurs at low speeds, runout is the probable cause.

2B-6 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ON VEHICLE SERVICE WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Vehicle Height
1. Check the tire for proper inflation.
2. Measure ‘A’ from the center of the lower arm rear mounting
bolt end to the ground.
3. Measure ‘B’ from the center of the steering knuckle shaft to the ground.
4 . If the dif ference between ‘A’ and ‘B’ is not within specification,
adjust vehicle height using torsion bar height control bolt.
‘B’ - ‘A’
Notice Before wheel alignment, adjust vehicle height first.31 - 36mm
Toe-in
1. Measure toe-in.
Specification0 - 4mm
2. If toe-in is not within specification, loosen the tie rod nuts and adjust it by turning the tie rod.

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-7
Camber
1. Remove the free wheel hub.
2. Measure camber with a wheel alignment equipment.
3. If camber measurements are not within specification, adjustit by increasing or decreasing the number of adjusting shims (1) inserted between the upper arm shaft and cross bracket. Camber Change Notice Difference between the left and right should be adjusted
within 30’.
Specification0°±30’
Caster
1. Remove the free wheel hub.
2. Measure caster with a wheel alignment equipment and a turning radius gauge.
Specification2° 30’ ± 30’
Adjusting Shims
1.6 Iarge 3.2 largeIncreasing 1 ea + 19’
+ 38’ Decreasing 1 ea
- 19’
- 38’

2B-8 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Increasing 1ea- 11 ’
- 43’
3. If caster measurements are not within specification, adjustit by increasing 1ea (rear) or decreasing 1ea (front). Caster Change Notice Difference between the left and right should be adjusted
within 30’.
0.4 small 1.6 small
Decreasing 1ea
+ 11 ’
+ 43’
FRONT
Adjusting Shims
Increasing 1ea+ 11 ’
+ 43’
0.4 small 1.6 small
Decreasing 1ea
- 11 ’
- 43’
REAR
Adjusting Shims

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-9
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT CASTER Caster is the tilting 91 the uppermost point of the steering axis either forward or backward from the vertical when viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influencesdirectional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will affect
caster. One wheel with more positive caster will pull
toward the center of the car. This condition will cause the car to move or lean toward the side with the least
amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in degrees. CAMBER Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When thetires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the tires tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber angle is measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
influences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too much
negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire will wear.
The first responsibility of engineering is to design safesteering and suspension systems. Each componentmust be strong enough to withstand and absorb extremepunishment. Both the steering system and the front and the rear suspension must function geometrically with thebody mass. The steering and the suspension systems require that the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effortand the road friction be held to a negligible force in orderto allow the customer to direct the vehicle with the least effort and the most comfort. A complete wheel alignment check should include
measurements of the rear toe and camber. Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will be running in precisely the same direction. When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy and tire life are at their peak, and steering andperformance are maximized. TOE
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels. The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the wheel support system which occur when the vehicle is rollingforward. The specified toe angle is the setting whichachieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is moving. Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and
reduced fuel economy. As the individual steering andsuspension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the wear. Always correct the toe dimension last.

FRONT SUSPENSION 2C-7
Removal & Installation Procedure
1. Remove the fixing nuts and bolts of the shock absorberand lower arm connection. Installation Notice
2. Remove the connecting nuts of the stabilizer bar link to the lower arm. Installation Notice
3. Turn the height control bolt until the distance between the end of the height control bolt end piece and the bolt end becomes 0-5 mm. Installation Notice Install the torsion bar spring and adjust the distance between the end of the height control bolt and piece end the bolt end to be 50-55 mm. Adjust the vehicle height.
Tightening Torque 60 - 80 Nm
Tightening Torque 16 - 22 Nm
4. Remove the torque arm fixing nuts and bolts and then withdraw the torsion bar spring. Installation Notice
M10 M12
Tightening Torque40 - 60 Nm 60 - 80 Nm
5. Installation should follow the removal precedure in thereverse order.
6. Check and adjust the wheel alignment.