tow VOLKSWAGEN CARAVELLE 1992 T4 / 4.G Owner's Guide

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GENERAL MAINTENANCE

Windscreen
wiper
blades
3ood wiper blades are essential for clear vi­

sion.

~o prevent streaks
from
forming on the
glass
the wiper blades should be cleaned •egularly
with
a window cleaning solution.
.A/hen
very
dirty
and
full
of insect remains,
:he blades can be cleaned
with
a sponge or doth.

Jerky
operation of the wiper blades can be
caused
by wax remains on the windscreen,
after washing the vehicle in an automatic
;ar-wash.
Filling the windscreen washer
container
with
a window cleaner containing

a
wax remover can cure the problem.

For
safety reasons the wiper blades should
oe renewed once or twice a year. Wiper

olades
can be obtained
from
all Volkswagen

dealers.
Changing
wiper
blades

Taking
the
wiper
blade
off
• Hinge the wiper arm up and position the blade horizontally.
•
Press
the retaining spring
(arrow
A) and push the blade towards the screen at the

same
time
(arrow
B).

Securing
the
wiper
blade

The retaining spring must engage audibly in the wiper arm.
109
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GENERAL
MAINTENANCE
Arduous
operating
conditions
ne vehicle construction and equipment is
resigned for normal operating conditions.
his also applies to the frequency and the
extent of the maintenance laid down in the
service
Schedule.
f the vehicle is used in arduous operating
conditions (e.g. continuous trailer towing,
exceptionally high or low ambient tempera-

:ures,
very dusty conditions, poor quality

ruel,
etc.) it may be necessary to carry out
special
technical preparations, such as ;hanging the oil to the appropriate viscosity, ^stalling special air cleaners, modifying the
ignition timing etc. Furthermore, the main­
tenance must also be matched to the oper­
ating conditions - see also page 93.
Driving
abroad

If the vehicle is to be taken abroad, the fol­
lowing must also be borne in mind:
• If the vehicle has a catalytic converter, one must ensure
that
unleaded petrol will be available during the journey - see
page 86.The automobile clubs offer infor­ mation about the unleaded filling station
network.
• Although there are more than 10 000
Volkswagen
dealers all over the world to
service
Volkswagen vehicles there are
countries in which only a limited amount of

service
is available or none at all.
• In certain countries it is also possible
that
your vehicle model is not soid so
that
certain
spare
parts will not be available or
that
the

Volkswagen
personnel are not familiar
with
the repair procedure should anything go
wrong.
The Volkswagen
Sales
Centres in Germany or the
Importer
concerned will be only too
pleased
to give advice on the necessary
technical preparation of the vehicle, on the maintenance required and on the repair

possibilities.

The addresses are given in the vehicle wallet. • When the vehicle is used in a country
which drives on the opposite side of the road to the home country the wedge

shaped
areas on the headlight lenses must be masked - see page 129.

Driving
on
holiday

Before starting off note the following
points:
• The roadworthiness and driving safety are particularly important when on holiday-

see
page 78.
• With a fully laden vehicle and/or roof rack, the handling changes. The driving
style must be adapted to the different condi­
tions - more information on loading is given
on page 28.
The
tyre
pressures must be checked - see
page147.

• When a trailer is to be towed, there are many special points to note - see page 81.
• If an oil change or an Inspection Service
is
probably going to become necessary dur­
ing the
trip,
it is advisable to have this work
done before going on holiday if possible.

115
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DO-IT-YOURSELF

First
aid kit.
Warning

triangle
Vehicle
tools

The First Aid Kit and warning triangle can be
secured
under the
front
passenger's seat mot on vehicles
with
swivelling seats).

Note:

The
first
aid kit and warning triangle are not part of vehicle equipment.
Double
Cab
under rear seat
1 Pick-up behind the driver's seat

Vehicle
tools and jack are stowed as fol­
lows:

Van, Kombi,
Caravelle

at rear
left
of luggage compartment
Note

On
vehicles
with
side
trim
panels the tools
are stored behind a removable cover.
118
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DO-IT-YOURSELF

Reading
light
(B)
• Remove
light
as described under "In­ terior
light
large version".
• Turn white bulb holder on back of
light
to the
left
and take it out.
• Pull defective glass based bulb out of holder.
•
Insert
new bulb.
• Install holder in housing again and
turn
fully to the
right.

•
Press
interior
light
into
opening in head­ lining again.

Interior
light
without
reading

light

Small
version

•
Press
retaining lug on opposite side to switch towards centre of
light
and remove
light.

• Renew bulb.
•
Insert
switch side of
light
first
and press in
until
the retaining lug locates.
Large
version

• Take
light
off by inserting
flat
screw­ driver blade between
light
and headlining
and turning screwdriver.
•
Insert
a screwdriver on the
right
hand
side,
between the reflector and housing,
and by twisting the screwdriver, pivot the reflector out (see illustration).
• Change the bulb.
• Swing the reflector back
into
position, ensuring
that
it engages properly.
•
Press
the interior
light
into
the opening in the roof
trim
again.
127
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DO-IT-YOURSELF
Tow
starting/towing

General
notes

• "owing eyes are provided on the
right
under
front
and rear bumpers.

Tow-ropes
or bars should be attached at

these
points only.

On
vehicles
with
a factory
fitted
towing bracket a towing eye is not fitted. On those

vehicles
the towing bracket can be used for
towing.
• The tow-rope should be slightly elastic to reduce the risk of damage to both ve­
hicles.
It is advisable to use synthetic fibre

ropes,
or ropes of similar elastic material. It
is
however
safer
to use a
tow-bar!

Avoid
excessive towing
effort
and do not

jerk.
During towing operations on other than
surfaced
roads there is always the danger

that
the attachment points will be over­
loaded
and damaged.
•
Before
trying
to
start
engine
by
towing,
the
battery
from
another
ve­
hicle
should be used for
starting
if
possible - see previous page. If the
vehicle
has to be tow
started

or
towed
at any
time,
the
following

must
be noted:
•
Check
whether there are any local traffic regulations concerning the towing of ve­

hicles.

• Both drivers must be familiar
with
tow­ ing procedures. Inexperienced drivers

should
not attempt to tow start or tow.
• When using a tow-rope the driver of the towing vehicle must engage the clutch very gently when moving off and changing gear.
• The driver of the vehicle being towed must ensure
that
the tow-rope is always

taut.
• The emergency lights must be switchec
on on both vehicles - unless local regula­
tions differ.
• Turn ignition key to "Drive" position sc
that
the steering wheel is free and the
turr
signals,
horn, and, if necessary, the wind­

screen
wiper and washer can be
used.

• As the brake servo only works when the engine is running, considerably more pres­

sure
is required on the brake pedal when the
engine is not running.
• On vehicles
with
power assisted steer­ ing more force is required to
turn
steering
wheel when engine is not running.
• When there is no lubricant in the manua or automatic gearbox, the vehicle may only

be
towed
with
driving wheels lifted.
132
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DO-IT-YOURSELF
Tow
starting

The
following
points
must
be
noted
when
tow
starting:

•
Before
moving off, engage 2nd or 3rd gear.
• Switch ignition on.
• As soon as engine starts, depress clutch and move gear lever
into
neutral to avoid running
into
the towing vehicle.
• On
vehicles
with
a
catalytic
con­
verter
the
engine
must
not be
started
by
towing
the
vehicle
in ex­
cess of 50 m1. Because
then,
un-

burnt
fuel
can pass
into
the con­

verter
and cause
damage.

• For
technical
reasons tow
start­
ing a
vehicle
with
an
automatic

gearbox
is not possible.
Towing

When
towing
vehicles
with
an
auto­

matic
gearbox,
the following points must be noted in addition to the details on
the previous page:
• Selector lever at "N".
• Do not have the vehicle towed faster than 30 mph (50 km/h).
• To not tow
further
than 30 miles (50 kilo­ meters). If the vehicle has to be towed long distances
it must be
lifted
at the
front.

Reason:
When the engine is not running,
the gearbox oil pump is not working and the
gearbox is not adequately lubricated for high speeds or long distances.
• With a breakdown vehicle the vehicle may only be suspended at the
front.
Reason:
If given a rear suspended tow, the
drive shafts
turn
backwards. The planetary

gears
in the automatic gearbox then
turn
at

such
high speeds
that
the gearbox will be

severely
damaged in a short time.

Does
not apply to 50 kW Diesel engine
with

catalytic converter

133
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Emission
control
system<122>

The exhaust emission control system effec­
tively reduces
the
amount
of
pollutants
in

the exhaust gas.
Petrol
engines

The main parts
of the
emission control
sys­

tem
are

•
a
mixture formation system which guar­ antees very exact composition
of
the air/pe­

trol
mixture
at all
engine speeds
•
the
catalytic converter
•
the
Lambda probe1'
The
catalytic
converter
is
installed
in

the exhaust system.
It
consists
of a
steel-
cased
ceramic
or
metal body containing
a
multitude
of
longitudinal
passages
which
are vapour coated
with
a
thin
layer
of
plati­
num
or
rhodium.
The exhaust gas flows through
the
catalytic converter
and
reacts
with
an
afterburning
process
when
it
contacts
the
precious
metal coating.

Lambda
=
Air/petrol relationship
)B19-
129
In
this process three pollutants (three-way
catalytic converter)
are
converted
as
fol­
lows.

• Carbon monoxide
to
carbon dioxide
• Hydrocarbons
to
water
• Nitrogen oxide
to
nitrogen
(four
fifths
of
the
air we
breathe
is
nitrogen).

A
stipulation
for the
proper functioning
of

the catalytic converter, however,
is
that
the
exhaust gas has
a
certain specific composi­

tion
and
minimum temperature when
it

enters
the
catalytic converter. To obtain this
composition, exact regulation
of the
fuel/air mixture
is
required. Avery exact regulation

is
obtained
with
a
Lambda probe. The Lambda
probe*
is
fitted
in the ex­

haust pipe where
it
measures
the
exhaust

gas
composition continuously. The informa­

tion
signal
is
fed
to
an electronic control
unit

which
in
turn
regulates
the
mixture forma­

tion
system so
that
the
mixture
is
kept
con­

stantly correct.
The exhaust emission control system tech­ nology
is so
well developed
that
no
addi­
tional maintenance whatsoever
is
required.

To
maintain
the
effectiveness
of the
emission
control system,
the
following
must
be
noted:
• Only
fill
up
with
unleaded petrol
- see
page
86.

• Never
run
tank completely empty
-
see page
85.

•
Do not
overfill engine
oil -
see page
98.

•
Do not
switch
off
ignition whilst driving - see page
39.

•
Do not tow
start vehicle
for
more than 50 m-see page 133.
137
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TECHNICAL DATA
Fuel
consumption

Passenger
vehicle
models

The consumption figures are determined
according to EC guideline 80/1268 EEC.
Three different conditions are used for the
test:
• The measurements for 90 km/h (56 mph) and • 120 km/h (75 mph) are carried out at

a
constant test
speed.

• For the
urban
measurement normal town
traffic
driving is simulated. Depending on driving style, road and
traffic

conditions, environmental influences and
vehicle condition, the figures obtained in actual practice may differ from those given.

All
figures were measured
with
standard
tyres. On vehicles
with
other tyres the fig­ ures will vary accordingly.
Consumption in litres per 100 km
Caravelle,
Kombi, Multivan
90 km/h 120 km/h Urban 90 km/h High roof Kombi
120 km/h Urban

Petrol
engines
with
catalytic
converter

62 kW Man. gearbox 9.1 13.7
14.4 10.1
15.2 14.9
81 kW Man. gearbox 9.4 13.4 15.9
10.4
14.9 10.4
Automatic
10.5
14.1
15.9
11.5
15.9

11.5

Diesel
engines

45
kW Man. gearbox 6.5
— 9.1
7.3
— 9.4
50 kW Man. gearbox 2)
2) 2)
2)
2!
2)
57 kW Man. gearbox 7.5 10.8 10.7
8.4
12.5
10.4
Automatic 8.6 12.7

11.5
9.6
—
11.5

Petrol
engines
without
catalytic
converter

62 kW Man. gaerbox 9.1
13.7 14.4
10.1 15.2
14.9

Only
applies to vehicles which have a top

speed
in
excess
of 130 km/h (81 mph). 21 The figures were not available at time of going
to
print.

143
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TECHNICAL DATA
Vehicles
with 4
cylinder
engines
(Figures
for 5
cylinder
engine
in
brackets)
Reduced
payload

(K800)

(in
kg)
Wheelbase

in
mm
Permissible

GVW
Unladen

weight
(with
driver)
Payload

Permissible

front
axle load
Perm,

rear axle load
Perm,

roof

load21

Van
2920
2320 (2395) 1520 (1595)
800 (800) 1200 (1280) 1200 100

Kombi
2920
2320 (2395)

152011
(1595)11 800 (800) 1280 (1350) 1200 100

Notes

• Other model versions
and
optional
ex­
tras
-
e.g.
air
conditioner, automatic gear­box, sliding
roof,
towing bracket
etc. and

service
installation
of
accessories
in­

creases
the unladen weight and the payload
has
to be
reduced
by
this amount.
•
The
load must
be
stowed
so
that
it
can­
not slide about
or fly
forward when
the

brakes
are
applied.
If
necessary
use the
lashing eyes provided. • When carrying heavy loads,
the
load

should,
in
the
interests
of
good handling,
be
placed,
where possible, between
the
axles.
The permissible axle
and
gross vehicle weights must
not be
exceeded
on any
ac­
count. Bear
in
mind also
that
the
load will
alter
the
vehicle handling. Driving style
and
speed
must therefore
be
adapted
to
suit. Without driver

Use
only
the
roof load carrying system
ap­

proved
by us.
Distribute load evenly.
Do not

exceed
permissible roof load including roof rack
- and
permissible vehicle weight.
For

further
details see page
75

On
vehicles
with
a
pop-up roof
the
unladen
weight
is
increased
by 60 kg
and which corre­
spondingly reduces
the
payload.
150
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TECHNICAL DATA

Trailer
weights

Figures
in kg
Permissible
trailer weight11
max.
Permissible
combined weight21

Permissible
nose weight of tow bar
on ball coupling of towing bracket

Figures
in kg
Trailer

without
brakes Trailer

with
brakes
Gradients
up to
10 % 12 % max.

min.

62 kW petrol engine 700
2000 -4500
100
4%
of actual trailer
weight. However it need
not be more than 25 kg. It is advisable to fully
utilize the maximum per­

missible
nose weight
81 kW petrol engine
700 2000
-4500
100
4%
of actual trailer
weight. However it need
not be more than 25 kg. It is advisable to fully
utilize the maximum per­

missible
nose weight

45
kW Diesel engine
700 2000 4500 4500
100
4%
of actual trailer
weight. However it need
not be more than 25 kg. It is advisable to fully
utilize the maximum per­

missible
nose weight
50 kW Diesel engine
700
2000 4500 4000 100
4%
of actual trailer
weight. However it need
not be more than 25 kg. It is advisable to fully
utilize the maximum per­

missible
nose weight
57 kW Diesel engine
700 2000
4500 100
4%
of actual trailer
weight. However it need
not be more than 25 kg. It is advisable to fully
utilize the maximum per­

missible
nose weight
Detailed information on trailer towing is given
on page 81 .
The combined weight is made up of the per­
missible
gross vehicle weight of the towing
vehicle and the permissible gross weight of the trailer. When the permissible trailer pay-load is fully utilized, in some
cases
the weight
of the towing vehicle must be correspondingly
reduced.
However, the towing vehicle must
not be lighter than the trailer.
151
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