brake VOLVO S90 TWIN ENGINE 2019 Workshop Manual

DRIVER SUPPORT
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Large animals
Optimal examples of what City Safety would interpret asa large animal: stationary or moving slowly and with clearbody contours.
For optimal performance, the system's functionfor detecting large animals (e.g. moose, horses,etc.) needs the clearest possible informationabout body contours. This entails being able todetect the animal straight from the side in combi-nation with normal movements for that animal.
If parts of the animal's body are not visible to thefunction's camera, the system will not be able todetect the animal.
City Safety can detect large animals even in darkconditions if they are illuminated by the vehicle'sheadlights.

WARNING
City Safety is supplementary driver support,but it cannot detect all large animals in all sit-uations and, for example, cannot see:
partially obscured larger animals.
larger animals seen from the front or frombehind.
running or fast moving larger animals.
larger animals if the contrast of the ani-mal's background is poor - warning andbrake interventions may then occur lateor not at all.
smaller animals such as cats and dogs.
The driver is always responsible for ensuringthat the vehicle is driven correctly and with asafety distance suitable for the speed.

Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
City Safety in crossing traffic (p. 339)
City Safety braking for oncoming vehicles(p. 342)
City Safety in crossing traffic
City Safety can assist the driver when turning inthe path of an oncoming vehicle in an intersec-tion.
: Sector in which City Safety can detect an oncomingvehicle in crossing traffic.
In order for City Safety to detect an oncomingvehicle in situations where there is a risk of a col-lision, that vehicle must be within the sector inwhich City Safety can analyze the situation.
The following criteria must also be met:
your vehicle's speed must be at least 4 km/h(3 mph)
your vehicle must be making a left turn
the oncoming vehicle's headlights must beon

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WARNING
The "City Safety in crossing traffic" func-tion is supplementary driver supportintended to improve driving safety – itcannot handle all situations in all traffic,weather and road conditions.
Warnings and brake interventions due toa collision risk with an oncoming vehicleoften come very late.
Never wait for a collision warning or forCity Safety to intervene.
City Safety is not a substitute for the driv-er's attention and judgment. The driver isalways responsible for ensuring the vehi-cle is driven in a safe manner, at theappropriate speed, with an appropriatedistance to other vehicles, and in accord-ance with current traffic rules and regula-tions.

Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
Limitations of City Safety incrossing traffic
In certain situations, it may be difficult for CitySafety to help the driver avoid a collision withcrossing traffic.
For example:
on slippery roads when Electronic StabilityControl (ESC) is actively operating
if an approaching vehicle is detected at a latestage
if the oncoming vehicle is partially obstructedby another vehicle or object
if the oncoming vehicle's headlights are off
if the oncoming vehicle is moving erraticallyand e.g. suddenly changes lanes at a latestage.
NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".

Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
City Safety limitations (p. 343)
City Safety in crossing traffic (p. 339)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)

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City Safety and delayed evasivemaneuvers
City Safety can assist the driver by automaticallybraking the vehicle when it is not possible toavoid a collision by steering alone.
City Safety assists the driver by periodicallyattempting to predict possible "escape routes" tothe sides of the vehicle in the event a slow-mov-ing or stationary vehicle were to be detected at alate stage.
Your vehicle (1) cannot detect any potential escaperoutes for veering away from the vehicle ahead (2) andmay therefore apply the brakes at an earlier stage.
Own vehicle
Slow-moving/stationary vehicles
City Safety will not intervene to automaticallyapply the brakes if it is possible for the driver toavoid a collision by steering the vehicle.
However, if City Safety determines that an eva-sive maneuver would not be possible due to traf-fic in the adjacent lane(s), the function can assistthe driver by automatically starting to apply thebrakes at an earlier stage.

WARNING
The possibility of City Safety predicting acertain situation is supplementary driversupport intended to improve driving safety– it cannot handle all situations in all traf-fic, weather and road conditions.
City Safety is not a substitute for the driv-er's attention and judgment. The driver isalways responsible for ensuring the vehi-cle is driven in a safe manner, at theappropriate speed, with an appropriatedistance to other vehicles, and in accord-ance with current traffic rules and regula-tions.

Limitations of City Safety during evasive
maneuvers
NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".
Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)

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City Safety braking for oncomingvehicles
City Safety can help you apply the brakes for anoncoming vehicle in your lane.
If an oncoming vehicle veers into your lane and acollision is unavoidable, City Safety can helpreduce your vehicle's speed to attempt to miti-gate the force of the collision.
Own vehicle
Oncoming vehicles
The following criteria must be met for the func-tion to work:
your vehicle's speed must be above 4 km/h(3 mph)
the road must be straight
your lane must have clear side lane markings
your vehicle must be positioned straight inyour lane
the oncoming vehicle must be positionedwithin your vehicle's lane markings
the oncoming vehicle's headlights must beon
the function can only handle “front-to-front”collisions
the function can only detect vehicles withfour wheels
the function requires functioning ElectricSeat Belt Tensioners (see section “Seatbelt tensioners”).

NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".
WARNING
The "City Safety braking for oncomingvehicles" function is supplementary driversupport intended to help improve drivingsafety – it cannot handle all situations inall traffic, weather and road conditions.
Warnings and brake interventions due toan imminent collision with an oncomingvehicle always come very late.
Never wait for a collision warning or forCity Safety to intervene. If you notice anyhazard or other potentially dangerous sit-uation, always fully apply the brakes.
City Safety is not a substitute for the driv-er's attention and judgment. The driver isalways responsible for ensuring the vehi-cle is driven in a safe manner, at theappropriate speed, with an appropriatedistance to other vehicles, and in accord-ance with current traffic rules and regula-tions.

Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
City Safety limitations (p. 343)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)
Seat belt tensioners (p. 50)

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Other limitations
WARNING
Warnings and brake interventions can betriggered late or not at all if the traffic sit-uation or external influences prevent thecamera and radar unit from properlydetecting pedestrians, cyclists, large ani-mals or vehicles ahead of the vehicle.
To be able to detect vehicles at night, itsfront and rear lights must work and illumi-nate clearly.
The camera and radar unit have a limitedrange for pedestrians and cyclists – thesystem can provide effective warningsand brake interventions if the relativespeed is lower than 50 km/h (30 mph).For stationary or slow-moving vehicles,warnings and brake interventions areeffective at vehicle speeds of up to70 km/h (43 mph). Speed reduction forlarge animals is less than 15 km/h(9 mph) and can be achieved at vehiclespeeds over 70 km/h (43 mph). At lowerspeeds, the warning and brake interven-tion for large animals is less effective.
Warnings for stationary or slow-movingvehicles and large animals can be disen-gaged due to darkness or poor visibility.
Warnings and brake interventions forpedestrians and cyclists are disengagedat vehicle speeds over 80 km/h(50 mph).
Do not place, affix or mount anything onthe inside or outside of the windshield, orin front of or around the camera andradar unit – this could disrupt camera-based functions.
Objects, snow, ice or dirt in the area ofthe camera sensor can reduce the func-tion, disengage it completely or give animproper function response.

NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".

Market limitations
City Safety is not available in all countries. If CitySafety is not shown in the center display'sSettings menu, your vehicle is not equipped withthis function.
In the center display's Top view, tap:
SettingsMy CarIntelliSafe
Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)

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346
Rear Collision Warning
The Rear Collision Warning (RCW) function canhelp the driver avoid rear-end collisions fromvehicles approaching from behind.
RCW is automatically activated each time theengine is started.
RCW can warn the driver of a potential collisionwith vehicles approaching from behind by rapidlyflashing the turn signals.
If, at a speed below 30 km/h (20 mph), the RCWfunction detects that the car is in danger of beinghit from behind, the seatbelt tensioners may ten-sion the front seatbelts and activate the WhiplashProtection System safety system.
Immediately before a collision from behind, RCWmay also activate the foot brake in order toreduce the forward acceleration of the car duringthe collision. However, the brakes will only beapplied if your vehicle is stationary. The brakeswill be immediately released if the acceleratorpedal is depressed.

Related information
Rear Collision Warning limitations (p. 346)
Whiplash Protection System (p. 46)
Rear Collision Warning limitations
In some situations, it may be difficult for RCW towarn the driver of a collision risk.
This may be the case if:
the vehicle approaching from the rear isdetected at a late stage
the vehicle approaching from the rearchanges lanes at a late stage
the vehicle approaching from the rear is mov-ing at a speed above 80 km/h (50 mph)
a trailer, bicycle holder or similar is con-nected to the vehicle's electrical system - theRCW function will then be automaticallydeactivated.
NOTE
In certain markets RCW does not warn withthe direction indicators due to local trafficregulations – in such cases, that part of thefunction is deactivated.

NOTE
The warning with direction indicators for RearCollision Warning is deactivated if the colli-sion warning distance in the City Safety func-tion is set to the lowest level "Late".
The seat belt tensioning and braking func-tions remain active.
Related information
Rear Collision Warning (p. 346)

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Run-Off Mitigation with steeringassistance
This sub-function is intended to help reduce therisk of the vehicle inadvertently running off theroad by actively steering the vehicle back ontothe road.
The function is active at speeds between65-140 km/h (40-87 mph) on roads with clearlyvisible traffic lane markings/lines.
The system uses a camera to monitor the edgesof the road and the painted side marker lines. Ifthe vehicle is about to cross the edge of the road,the function will attempt to steer the vehicle backonto the road. If this is not sufficient to keep thevehicle on the road, the brakes will also beapplied.
However, the function will not provide eithersteering assistance or braking if the turn signal isused. The function will also not be activated if itdetects that the driver is actively operating thevehicle.
After the system has automatically intervened,this text message will appear in the instrumentpanel:
Collision avoidance assistance –Automatic intervention

WARNING
The "Steering assistance at risk of run-off" subfunction is supplementary driversupport intended to help improve drivingsafety – it cannot handle all situations inall traffic, weather and road conditions.
The function cannot detect barriers, railsor similar obstacles at the side of theroad.
"Steering assistance at risk of run-off" isnot a substitute for the driver's attentionand judgment. The driver is alwaysresponsible for ensuring the vehicle isdriven in a safe manner, at the appropri-ate speed, with an appropriate distance toother vehicles, and in accordance withcurrent traffic rules and regulations.

Related information
Steering assistance at risk of collision(p. 372)
Run-Off Mitigation with steeringassistance levels
This function has two activation levels for inter-vention:
Steering assistance only
Steering assistance with braking
Steering assistance only
Intervention with steering assistance.

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383
Park Assist front, rear and sides
Park Assist has different parameters dependingon which part of the vehicle is approaching anobstacle.

Front camera
Continuous tone warning signal when the obstacle isless than approx. 30 cm (1 ft) from the vehicle 107.
Park Assist's front sensors are automatically acti-vated when the engine is started. They are activeat speeds below 10 km/h (6 mph).
The distance monitored extends approx. 80 cm(2.5 ft) in front of the vehicle.
NOTE
The Parking Assist system is deactivatedwhen the parking brake is applied or when Pis selected on vehicles with automatic trans-mission.

CAUTION
When installing auxiliary lights: Make surethese do not obscure the sensors – the auxili-ary lights could be perceived as an obstacle.

Back
Continuous tone warning signal when the obstacle isless than approx. 30 cm (1 ft) from the vehicle 107
The rear sensors will be activated if the vehiclebegins rolling backward or if reverse gear isengaged.
The distance monitored extendsapprox. 1.5 meters (5 ft) behind the vehicle.
The Parking Assist system's rear sensors will beautomatically deactivated if the vehicle is backingup with a trailer connected to the vehicle's elec-trical system.
NOTE
When reversing with e.g. a trailer or bike car-rier on the trailer hitch – without Volvo originaltrailer cables – the Parking Assist system mayhave to be turned off manually to prevent thesensors from reacting to these.
107The illustration is generic - details may vary according to vehicle model.

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory.385
Park Assist limitations
Park Assist may not be able to detect all condi-tions in all situations and functionality may there-fore be limited in certain cases.
The driver should be aware of the following limi-tations for Park Assist:

WARNING
Be extra cautious whenreversing if this symbol isshown when a trailer, bikecarrier or similar is attachedand electrically connectedto the vehicle.
The symbol indicates thatthe rear parking assist sensors are deacti-vated and will not warn of any obstacles.
CAUTION
Objects such as chains, thin and glossy polesor low obstacles may end up in the "signalshadow" and then go temporarily undetectedby the sensors – the pulsating tone may thenunexpectedly stop instead of becoming aconstant tone as expected.
The sensors cannot detect high objects, suchas protruding ramps.
In such situations, pay extra attention andmaneuver/drive the vehicle very slowly orstop the current parking maneuver –there may be a high risk of damage tothe vehicle or other objects since infor-mation from the sensors is not alwaysreliable in such situations.

CAUTION
In some circumstances, the Park Assist Sys-tem may produce false warnings due to exter-nal sound sources with the same ultrasonicfrequencies as those the system works with.
Examples of such sources are horns, wet tireson asphalt, pneumatic brakes, exhaust noisefrom motorcycles, etc.
NOTE
When a trailer hitch is configured with thevehicle electrical system, the trailer hitch pro-trusion is included when the function meas-ures the distance to objects behind the vehi-cle.

Related information
Park Assist* (p. 382)

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory.398
Park Assist Pilot*
Park Assist Pilot (PAP117) helps the driver pullinto and out of parking spaces.
PAP first checks whether thereis sufficient space and thensteers the car into the space.
The center display uses sym-bols, graphics and messages toinform the driver of what stepsneed to be taken and when.

WARNING
The PAP function is supplementary driversupport intended to facilitate driving andhelp make it safer – it cannot handle allsituations in all traffic, weather and roadconditions.
Pay particular attention to people andanimals near the vehicle.
PAP is not a substitute for the driver'sattention and judgment. The driver isalways responsible for ensuring the vehi-cle is driven in a safe manner, at theappropriate speed, with an appropriatedistance to other vehicles, and in accord-ance with current traffic rules and regula-tions.
NOTE
The PAP function measures the space andsteers the vehicle – the driver's role is to:
keep close watch of the area around thevehicle
follow the instructions on the center dis-play
change gears (reverse/forward) – a"ping" sound indicates when the drivershould change gears
regulate and maintain a safe speed
apply the brakes and stop.

Related information
Types of parking with Park Assist Pilot(p. 398)
Parking with Park Assist Pilot (p. 400)
Leaving a parking space with Park AssistPilot (p. 402)
Park Assist Pilot* limitations (p. 403)
Recommended maintenance for Park AssistPilot (p. 405)
Park Assist Pilot* messages (p. 406)
Types of parking with Park AssistPilot
Park Assist Pilot (PAP118) can be used for thefollowing types of parking.
117Park Assist Pilot118Park Assist Pilot