engine oil VOLVO XC90 2014 Owner´s Manual

06 Starting and driving
Difficult driving conditions
06
148
CAUTION
•Engine damage will occur if water is drawn into the air cleaner.
• If the vehicle is driven through waterdeeper than 18 in (48 cm), water mayenter the differential and the transmis-sion. This reduces the oil's lubricatingcapacity and may shorten the servicelife of these components.
• Do not allow the vehicle to stand inwater up to the door sills longer thanabsolutely necessary. This could resultin electrical malfunctions.
• If the engine has been stopped whilethe car is in water, do not attempt torestart the engine. Have the car towedout of the water.

06 Starting and driving
Towing a trailer
06
165
Points to keep in mind when towing a trailer
•When towing trailers
without brakes, the
maximum permissible trailer weight is 1,700 lbs (750 kg).
• If necessary, redistribute the weight ofany cargo in the trailer to avoid excessiveweight on the trailer hitch.
• The maximum trailer weight listed in thetable for All Wheel Drive models,5,000 lbs (2250 kg) is only applicablewhen there are not more than two occu-pants in the vehicle, in the front seats,with a combined weight of 300 lbs(135 kg), with no other cargo in the vehi-cle.
• The maximum weight listed for FrontWheel Drive models, 4,000 lbs (1800 kg)is only applicable when there are notmore than four occupants in the vehicle,in the front seats and second row ofseats, with a combined weight of 600 lbs(270 kg), with no other cargo in the vehi-cle.
• Vehicles used for towing a trailer on aregular basis, or for long-distance high-way towing should be equipped with anautomatic transmission oil cooler andVolvo's automatic self-leveling system forthe rear suspension. Consult your Volvoretailer. •
Volvo recommends the use of Volvotrailer hitches that are specially designedfor the vehicle.
• All Volvo models are equipped withenergy-absorbing shock-mounted bump-ers. Trailer hitch installation should notinterfere with the proper operation of thisbumper system.
• Increase tire pressure to recommendedfull inflation pressure. See chapter"Wheels and tires."
• When your vehicle is new, avoid towingheavy trailers during the first 620 miles(1,000 km).
• Engine and transmission are subject toincreased loads. Therefore, engine cool-ant temperature should be closelywatched when driving in hot climates orhilly terrain. Use a lower gear and turn offthe air conditioner if the temperaturegauge needle enters the red range.
• If the automatic transmission begins tooverheat, a message will be displayed inthe text window.
• Hauling a trailer affects handling, durabil-ity, and economy.
• It is necessary to balance trailer brakeswith the towing vehicle brakes to providea safe stop (check and observe state/local regulations). •
Do not connect the trailer's brake systemdirectly to the vehicle's brake system.
• Remove the ball and drawbar assemblywhen the hitch is not being used.
• Volvo recommends the use of syntheticengine oil when towing a trailer over longdistances or in mountainous areas.
NOTE
•When parking the vehicle with a trailer on a hill, apply the parking brakebefore putting the gear selector in
P.
When starting on a hill, put the gearselector in D before releasing the park-
ing brake. Always follow the trailermanufacturer's recommendations forwheel chocking.
• If you use the manual (Geartronic) shiftpositions while towing a trailer, makesure the gear you select does not puttoo much strain on the engine (usingtoo high a gear).

06 Starting and driving
Cold weather precautions
06
169
If you wish to check your vehicle before the approach of cold weather, the followingadvice is worth noting:
• Make sure that the engine coolant con- tains 50 percent antifreeze. Any othermixture will reduce freeze protection. Thisgives protection against freezing down to–31 °F (–35 °C). See section "Coolant".
• The use of "recycled" antifreeze is notapproved by Volvo. Different types ofantifreeze must not be mixed.
• Volvo recommends using only genuineVolvo antifreeze in your vehicle's radiator.Your Volvo retailer stocks plenty of Volvoengine coolant to protect your vehicleduring cold weather.
• Try to keep the
fuel tank well filled – this
prevents the formation of condensation inthe tank. In addition, in extremely coldweather conditions it is worthwhile to addfuel line de-icer before refueling.
• The viscosity of the engine oil is impor-tant. Oil with low viscosity (thinner oil)improves cold-weather starting as well asdecreasing fuel consumption while theengine is warming up. Full synthetic0W-30 oil is recommended for driving inareas with sustained low temperatures.
• The load placed on the
battery is greater
during the winter since the windshieldwipers, lighting, etc. are used more often. Moreover, the capacity of the batterydecreases as the temperature drops. Invery cold weather, a poorly charged bat-tery can freeze and be damaged. It istherefore advisable to check the state ofcharge more frequently and spray an anti-rust oil on the battery posts.
• Volvo recommends the use of
snow tires
on all four wheels for winter driving – seesection "Wheels and tires."
• To prevent the
washer fluid reservoir
from freezing, add washer solvents con-taining antifreeze (see page 224 for thelocation of the washer fluid reservoir).This is important since dirt is oftensplashed on the windshield during winterdriving, requiring the frequent use of thewashers and wipers. Volvo Washer Sol-vent should be diluted as follows:
• Down to 14 ° F (–10 ° C):
1 part washer
solvent and 4 parts water
• Down to 5 ° F (–15 ° C):
1 part washer
solvent and 3 parts water
• Down to 0 ° F (–18 ° C):
1 part washer
solvent and 2 parts water
• Down to –18 ° F (–28 ° C):
1 part washer
solvent and 1 part water
• Use Volvo Teflon Lock Spray in the locks.
NOTE
Avoid the use of de-icing sprays as they can cause damage to the locks.
W – Winter/Wet driving mode – enhanced vehicle traction
•Mode W will only function if the gear selector is in the (
D)rive position.
• Press the button at the base of the gearselector to engage/disengage this drivingmode.
• An LED in the button will light up to indi-cate that W is engaged and this will alsobe displayed in the instrument panel (seepage 58).
• This mode may be selected for starting/moving off on slippery roads.

06 Starting and driving
Before a long distance trip
06
170
It is always worthwhile to have your vehicle checked by a trained and qualified Volvoservice technician before driving long dis-tances. Your retailer or service technician willalso be able to supply you with bulbs, fuses,spark plugs and wiper blades for your use inthe event that problems occur. As a minimum, the following items should be checked before any long trip:• Check that engine runs smoothly and that fuel consumption is normal.
• Check for fuel, oil, and fluid leakage.
• Check transmission oil level 1
.
• Check condition of drive belts.
• Check state of the battery's charge.
• Examine tires carefully (the spare tire aswell), and replace those that are worn.Check tire pressures.
• The brakes, front wheel alignment, andsteering gear should be checked by atrained and qualified Volvo service techni-cian only.
• Check all lights, including high beams.
• Reflective warning triangles are legallyrequired in some states/provinces. •
Have a word with your Volvo retailer ifyou intend to drive in countries where itmay be difficult to obtain the correct fuel.
• Consider your destination. If you will bedriving through an area where snow or iceare likely to occur, consider snow tires.
1
To prevent injury from contact with hot surfaces, do not inspect your vehicle’s transmission fluid yourself. Have your vehicle’s transmission fluid level inspected by a qualified Volvo service techni- cian.

214
Volvo service......................................................................................... 216
Maintaining your vehicle....................................................................... 217
Working on your vehicle........................................................................ 219
Engine compartment............................................................................. 221Engine oil............................................................................................... 222Fluids..................................................................................................... 224Wiper blades......................................................................................... 226Battery................................................................................................... 227
Replacing bulbs.................................................................................... 230Fuses..................................................................................................... 238

09 Maintenance and servicing
Maintaining your vehicle09
}}
217
Owner maintenance
Periodic maintenance requirements and inter- vals are described in your vehicle's Warrantyand Service Records Information booklet. The following points can be carried out between the normally scheduled maintenanceservices.
Each time the vehicle is refueled
•Check the engine oil level
• Clean the windshield, windshield wipers, headlights, and tail lights
Monthly
•Check cold tire pressure in all tires.Inspect the tires for wear.
• Check that engine coolant and other fluidlevels are between the indicated "
min"
and " max" markings.
• Clean interior glass surfaces with a glasscleaner and soft paper towels.
• Wipe driver information displays with asoft cloth.
• Visually inspect battery terminals for cor-rosion. Corrosion may indicate a looseterminal connector, or a battery near theend of its useful service life. Consult atrained and qualified Volvo service techni-cian for additional information.
As needed
•
Wash the vehicle, including the undercar-riage, to reduce wear that can be causedby a buildup of dirt, and corrosion thatcan be caused by salt residues.
• Clean leaves and twigs from air intakevents at the base of the windshield, andfrom other places where they may collect.
• Complete service information for qualifiedtechnicians is available online for pur-chase or subscription at www.volvote-chinfo.com.
Emission inspection readiness
What is an Onboard Diagnostic System
(OBD II)?
OBD II is part of your vehicle's computerized engine management system. It stores diag-nostic information about your vehicle's emis-sion controls. It can light the Check Enginelight (MIL) if it detects an emission control"fault." A "fault" is a component or systemthat is not performing within an expectedrange. A fault may be permanent or tempo-rary. OBD II will store a message about anyfault.
How do states use OBD II for emission
inspections?
Many states connect a computer directly to avehicle's OBD II system. The inspector can then read "faults." In some states, this type ofinspection has replaced the tailpipe emissiontest.
How can my vehicle fail OBD II emission
inspection?
Your vehicle can fail OBD II emission inspec-tion for any of the following reasons.
• If your Check Engine (MIL) light is lit, your vehicle may fail inspection.
• If your vehicle's Check Engine light waslit, but went out without any action onyour part, OBD II will still have a recordedfault. Your vehicle may pass or fail,depending on the inspection practices inyour area.
• If you had recent service that requireddisconnecting the battery, OBD II diag-nostic information may be incompleteand "not ready" for inspection. A vehiclethat is not ready may fail inspection.
How can I prepare for my next OBD II
emission inspection?
• If your Check Engine (MIL) light is lit – orwas lit but went out without service, haveyour vehicle diagnosed and, if necessary,serviced by a qualified Volvo technician.
• If you recently had service for a lit CheckEngine light, or if you had service thatrequired disconnecting the battery, aperiod of driving is necessary to bring the

09 Maintenance and servicing
Working on your vehicle09
219
Note the following before you begin work- ing on your vehicle:
Battery
•
Ensure that the battery cables are cor- rectly connected and tightened.
• Never disconnect the battery when theengine is running (e.g., when replacingthe battery).
• Never use a fast charger to charge thebattery. The battery cables should be dis-connected when recharging.
• The battery contains acid that is both cor-rosive and poisonous. It is important thatthe battery is handled in an environmen-tally friendly way. See page 227 for moreinformation on handling the battery.
Hoisting the vehicle
G027001
If a garage jack is used to lift the vehicle, the two jack attachments points should be used.They are specially reinforced to bear theweight of the vehicle (see the illustration). Agarage jack can also be placed under thefront of the engine support frame. Take carenot to damage the splash guard under theengine. Ensure that the jack is positioned sothat the vehicle cannot slide off it. Always useaxle stands or similar structures. The vehi-cle's gross vehicle weight is between5770 lbs (2630 kg) and 6080 lbs (2760 kg).Use a jack and stands rated for this weight. If a two-post hoist is used to lift the vehicle,the front and rear lift arm pads should becentered under the reinforced lift plates onthe inboard edge of the sill rail (see illustra-tion).
WARNING
The ignition system has very high voltage! The voltage in the ignition system is dan- gerous! Do not touch spark plugs, ignition cables or the ignition coil when the engine is run-ning or the ignition is switched on! The ignition should be switched off when: •
Conducting engine tests.
• Replacing parts in the ignition system, such as spark plugs, ignition coil, dis-tributor, ignition cables, etc.
WARNING
Never
try to repair any part of the SRS/
SIPS/WHIPS/IC systems yourself. Any interference in the system could causemalfunction and serious injury. Any workshould only be performed by an authorizedVolvo workshop.

09 Maintenance and servicing
Working on your vehicle 09
220
Belt check
Check the belt regularly to make sure it is in good condition and is clean. A worn or dirtybelt can cause poor cooling and low alterna-tor output as well as impair the operation ofthe power steering and the air conditioningunit.
NOTE
The drive belt is equipped with a self-ten- sioning mechanism and requires noadjustment between changes.
WARNING
The engine must not be running when this check is performed.
Check coolant level
The cooling system must be filled with cool- ant and not leak to operate at maximum effi-ciency. Check the coolant level regularly. Thelevel should be between the MAX and MIN
marks on the expansion tank. The checkshould be made with particular thoroughnesswhen the engine is new or when the coolingsystem has been drained. Do not remove the filler cap other than for topping up with coolant. Frequent removalmay prevent coolant circulation between the engine and the expansion tank during enginewarm up and cooling.
Changing coolant
Normally, the coolant does not need to be changed. If the system must be drained, con-sult a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician. Do not top off with water only. This reduces the rust-protective and antifreeze qualities ofthe coolant and has a lower boiling point. Itcan also cause damage to the cooling systemif it should freeze. Top off with Volvo GenuineCoolant/Antifreeze only (a 50/50 mix of waterand antifreeze.
CAUTION
The cooling system must always be kept filled to the correct level. If it is not keptfilled, there can be high local temperaturesin the engine which could result in dam-age. Different types of antifreeze/coolantmay not be mixed.
WARNING
•
Never remove the expansion tank cap while the engine is warm. Wait until theengine cools.
• If it is necessary to top off the coolantwhen the engine is warm, unscrew theexpansion tank cap slowly so that theoverpressure dissipates.

09 Maintenance and servicing
Engine compartment09
221
Washer fluid reservoir
Expansion tank-coolant
Data plate
Brake fluid reservoir
Relay/fuse box
Power steering fluid reservoir
Dipstick-engine oil
Filler cap-engine oil
Battery (under floor in rear cargo area)
WARNING
The cooling fan (located at the front of the engine compartment, behind the radiator)may start or continue to operate (for up to6 minutes) after the engine has beenswitched off.

09 Maintenance and servicing
Engine oil 09
222
Oil specifications
Full synthetic engine oil meeting the minimum ACEA A5/B5 must be used. Lower quality oilsmay not offer the same fuel economy, engineperformance, or engine protection. Refer to the Warranty and Service Records information booklet for information on oilchange intervals and oil type requirements.
NOTE
This vehicle comes from the factory with synthetic oil.
Oil additives must not be used.
Oil viscosityIncorrect viscosity oil can shorten engine life under normal use. SAE 5W-30 will providegood fuel economy and engine protection.See the viscosity chart.
Viscosity chart
Extreme engine operationSAE 0W-30 oil meeting ACEA A5/B5 require- ments is recommended for driving in areaswith sustained low temperatures.
NOTE
Volvo uses different systems to indicate a low oil level or pressure. Some modelshave an oil pressure sensor, in which casea warning symbol (see page 60) is used toindicate low oil pressure. Other modelshave an oil level sensor, in which case thedriver is alerted by the warning symbol inthe center of the instrument panel and atext in the information display. Some mod-els use both systems. Contact a trainedand qualified Volvo service technician formore information.
Changing engine oil and oil filter
See page 290 for oil volumes. Refer to the Warranty and Service Records Informationbooklet for information on the oil changeintervals.
NOTE
Volvo does not recommend the use of oil additives.
Checking and adding oil
G030880
Location of dipstick (1) and oil filler cap (2)
The oil level should be checked at regular intervals, particularly during the period up tothe first scheduled maintenance service.