traction control VOLVO XC90 T8 2016 Owner´s Manual

||
INTRODUCTION
28
Related information
•Owner's manual in mobile devices (p. 25)
• Navigating in the digital owner's manual (p. 56)
• On-board digital owner's manual (p. 55)
Driver distraction
Please keep the following warnings in mind when operating/servicing your vehicle.
A driver has a responsibility to do everything pos- sible to ensure his or her own safety and thesafety of passengers in the vehicle and otherssharing the roadway. Avoiding distractions is partof that responsibility. Driver distraction results from driver activities that are not directly related to controlling the vehiclein the driving environment. Your new Volvo is, orcan be, equipped with many feature-rich enter-tainment and communication systems. Theseinclude hands-free cellular telephones, navigationsystems, and multipurpose audio systems. Youmay also own other portable electronic devicesfor your own convenience. When used properlyand safely, they enrich the driving experience.Improperly used, any of these could cause a dis-traction. For all of these systems, we want to provide the following warning that reflects the strong Volvoconcern for your safety. Never use these devicesor any feature of your vehicle in a way that dis-tracts you from the task of driving safely. Distrac-tion can lead to a serious accident. In addition tothis general warning, we offer the following guid-ance regarding specific newer features that maybe found in your vehicle:
WARNING
• Never use a hand-held cellular telephone while driving. Some jurisdictions prohibitcellular telephone use by a driver whilethe vehicle is moving.
• If your vehicle is equipped with a naviga-tion system, set and make changes toyour travel itinerary only with the vehicleparked.
• Never program your audio system whilethe vehicle is moving. Program radio pre-sets with the vehicle parked, and use yourprogrammed presets to make radio usequicker and simpler.
• Never use portable computers or per-sonal digital assistants while the vehicleis moving.
Accessory installation
•We strongly recommend that Volvo ownersinstall only genuine, Volvo-approved acces-sories, and that accessory installations beperformed only by a trained and qualifiedVolvo service technician.
• Genuine Volvo accessories are tested toensure compatibility with the performance,safety, and emission systems in your vehicle.Additionally, a trained and qualified Volvoservice technician knows where accessoriesmay and may not be safely installed in yourVolvo. In all cases, please consult a trained

DRIVER SUPPORT
}}
263
Deactivating/resuming Cruise Control (CC) Cruise Control (CC) can be temporarily deacti- vated and put in standby mode.
Deactivating and putting CC in standbymode
To temporarily deactivate and put Cruise Control in standby mode:
Function buttons and symbols
–Press the button (2).
> The set speed marker (4) and symbols will change colors from WHITE to GRAY. This indicates that CC is temporarily in standby mode and will not maintain a setspeed.
Standby mode due to action by the driver
CC is temporarily deactivated and put in standby mode if:
• the brakes are applied
• The gear selector is moved to
N
• the vehicle is driven faster than the set speed for more than 1 minute.
In these cases, the driver will have to regulate the vehicle's speed. A temporary increase in speed, such as when passing another vehicle, does not affect the CCset speed. The vehicle will return to the set speedwhen the accelerator pedal is released.
Automatic standby mode
CC switches automatically to standby mode if:
• the wheels lose traction
• engine speed (rpm) is too high/low
• brake temperature is too high
• the vehicle's speed goes below approx. 20 mph (30 km/h)
In these cases, the driver will have to regulate the vehicle's speed.
Reactivating CC from standby modeTo reactivate CC after it has temporarily been putin standby mode:
–Press the button (1).
> The set speed marker (4) will change color from GRAY to WHITE. The vehicle will then return to the most recently set
speed .
WARNING
There may be a significant increase in speed after the
button has been pressed.
or

||
DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
270 To temporarily deactivate and put Adaptive Cruise Control in standby mode:
Function buttons and symbols
–Press the button (2).
> The
symbol in the instrument panel
will change colors from WHITE to GRAY and the set speed in the center of thespeedometer will change from BEIGE toGRAY.
Standby mode due to action by the driver
ACC is temporarily deactivated and put in standby mode if:
• the brakes are applied
• The gear selector is moved to
N
• the vehicle is driven faster than the set speed for more than 1 minute. In these cases, the driver will have to regulate the vehicle's speed. A temporary increase in speed, such as when passing another vehicle, does not affect the ACCset speed. The vehicle will return to the set speedwhen the accelerator pedal is released.
Automatic standby mode
ACC interacts with other systems, such as Electronic Stability Control. If any of these othersystems are not functioning properly, ACC willturn off automatically.
WARNING
If this happens, the driver will be alerted by an audible signal and a message in the instru-ment panel. The driver will have to adapt thevehicle's speed, apply the brakes when nec-essary and keep a safe distance to the vehicleahead.
ACC switches automatically to standby mode if: • the vehicle's speed goes below approx. 3 mph (5 km/h) and ACC cannot determineif the vehicle ahead is stationary or is anobject such as a speed bump, etc
• the vehicle's speed goes below approx.3 mph (5 km/h) and the vehicle aheadchanges lanes or turns so that ACC nolonger has a target vehicle to follow
• the driver opens the door
• the driver unbuckles the seat belt •
engine speed (rpm) is too high/low
• the wheels lose traction
• the parking brake is applied
• the stability system's
ESC Sport Mode is
activated
• the
Off Road drive mode is selected
• The radar sensor is covered by e.g., wet snow or if heavy rain interferes with radar waves
Reactivating ACC from standby modeTo reactivate ACC after it has temporarily been put in standby mode:
–Press the button (1).
> The vehicle will then return to the most
recently set speed .
WARNING
There may be a significant increase in speed after the
button has been pressed.
Related information
•Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
* (p. 266)
• Starting and activating Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) (p. 268)
• Setting an Adaptive Cruise Control timeinterval (p. 272)

||
DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
278
Standby mode due to driver action
If a turn signal is used or if the accelerator pedal is pressed, Pilot Assist will temporarily go intostandby mode. When the turn signal is switchedoff or the accelerator pedal is released, PilotAssist will reactivate automatically. Automatic reactivation from standby mode can be done within 1 minute. After 1 minute haselapsed, Pilot Assist must be reactivated man- ually by pressing the
button.
Pilot Assist will temporarily go into standby mode if: • the brakes are applied
• the gear selector is moved to the
N position.
The driver will then have to regulate speed and distance to the vehicle ahead, or reactivate Pilot Assist manually by pressing the
button on
the left-side steering wheel keypad.
Automatic standby mode
Pilot Assist interacts with other systems, such as Electronic Stability Control. If any of these othersystems are not functioning properly, Pilot Assistwill automatically be deactivated.
WARNING
If this happens, the driver will be alerted by an audible signal and a message in the instru-ment panel. The driver will have to adapt thevehicle's speed, apply the brakes when nec-essary and keep a safe distance to the vehicleahead.
Pilot Assist switches automatically to standby mode if: • the camera cannot detect the traffic lane's side marker lines
• the vehicle ahead is not within a reasonable(detectable) distance
• the driver's hands are not on the steeringwheel
• the driver unbuckles the seat belt
• engine speed (rpm) is too high/low
• the wheels lose traction
• brake temperature is too high
• The camera lens/radar sensor is covered bye.g., wet snow or if heavy rain interferes withradar waves
Reactivating Pilot Assist from standby mode
–Press the button (1).
> The most recently set speed will be used.
Related information
• Pilot Assist
* (p. 273)
Setting a Pilot Assist time interval
Different time intervals to the vehicle ahead can be selected and are shown in the instrumentpanel as 1–5 horizontal bars.
Changing the time intervalThe greater the number of bars, the longer the time interval.One bar between the vehiclesrepresents a time interval ofapproximately 1 second; 5 barsis approximately 3 seconds.
The same symbol appears if Distance Alert isactivated.

||
DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
320 adjusted by driving slightly forward and backing up. 1.
Put the gear selector in D, wait until the
steering wheel has turned and drive forward slowly.
2. Stop the vehicle when you are instructed by PAP to do so.
3. Put the gear selector in R, back up slowly
and stop when you are instructed by PAP todo so.
When the parking procedure is finished (this will be indicated by a text message and a graphicimage), PAP switches off automatically. If neces-sary, the driver may need to make minor adjust-ments to ensure that the vehicle is parked cor-rectly.
CAUTION
The warning distance is shorter when PAP is using the sensors than when Park Assist isusing them.
Leaving a parking spaceThis function can only be used for a vehicle that has been par-allel parked and is activated inthe center display's Functionview. 1. Tap the
Park out button in
the center display's Function view.
2. Follow the instructions provided. The proce- dure is the same as when parking the vehicle. The steering wheel may turn back slightly when the function is completed and the driver mayhave to turn the back before leaving the parkingspace. If PAP determines that the driver can leave the parking space without assistance, the functionwill deactivate before the vehicle is completelyout of the space.
Related information
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* (p. 316)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* limitations (p. 320)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* symbols and mes-
sages (p. 322)
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) * limitations
The PAP function may be limited in certain situa- tions.
The PAP parking sequence is cancelledA parking sequence will be cancelled:
• if the vehicle is driven too fast (above approx. 4 mph (7 km/h)
• if the driver taps
Cancel in the center display
• if the driver moves the steering wheel with sufficient force.
• if the anti-lock brakes or Electronic StabilityControl are activated (e.g., if a wheel beginsto spin or lose traction)
In such cases, a text message will explain why the parking sequence was cancelled.
NOTE
• PAP will not function correctly if its sen- sors are obstructed by dirt, snow, etc.
• In certain situations, PAP may not be ableto measure a parking space. This couldbe due to external sources of sound (e.g.,a vehicle's horn, tires on wet asphalt,pneumatic brakes, noise from a motorcy-cle's exhaust, etc.) emitting ultrasoundusing approximately the same frequen-cies as PAP.

DRIVER SUPPORT
}}
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.323
Adjustable steering force*
Steering force increases with the speed of the vehicle to give the driver an enhanced sense ofcontrol and stability. At low speed the vehicle iseasier to steer in order to facilitate parking, etc.
Changing the steering force levelTo change the level of steering force, see theinformation under the heading "individual" in arti-cle "Drive modes" for additional information.
NOTE
•This steering force level menu function cannot be accessed when the vehicle isin motion.
• In certain situations, the power steeringfunction may become too hot and mustbe temporarily cooled. During cooling,power steering effect will be reduced andmore force may be necessary to turn thesteering wheel and a message will bedisplayed in the instrument panel.
Related information
• Driver support systems (p. 252)
• Drive modes (p. 390)
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) helps reduce wheel spin, counteract skidding and to generallyhelp improve directional stability.
A pulsating sound will be audi- ble when the system is activelyoperating and is normal. Accel-eration may also be slightlyslower than normal.
WARNING
ESC is a supplementary aid and cannot deal with all situations or road conditions. The driver is always responsible for operating the vehicle in a safe manner in accordancewith current traffic regulations.
ESC consists of the following functions: • Traction control
• Spin control
• Active Yaw Control
• Engine Drag Control
• Trailer Stability Assist
Traction controlThis function is designed to help reduce wheel spin by transferring power from a drive wheel that begins to lose traction to the wheel on the oppo-site side of the vehicle (on the same axle).
Spin controlThis function is designed to help prevent thedrive wheels from spinning while the vehicle isaccelerating.
Active Yaw ControlAt low speeds, this function helps maintain direc-tional stability by braking one or more of thewheels if the vehicle shows a tendency to skid orslide laterally.
Engine Drag Control EDCEDC helps keep the engine running if the wheelsshow a tendency to lock, e.g., when shifting downin the manual shifting mode or while using theengine's braking function on a slippery surface. Ifthe wheels were to lock, the vehicle wouldbecome more difficult to steer.
Trailer Stability Assist
*4TSA helps stabilize a vehicle that is towing atrailer when the vehicle and trailer have begun tosway. This system is automatically deactivated if the driver selects
Sport mode.
Related information
•Detachable trailer hitch (p. 368)
• Driving with a trailer (p. 367)
4
This function is included if the vehicle is equipped with a Volvo original trailer hitch.

||
STARTING AND DRIVING
392
SAVE
This mode makes it possible to save electrical energy (hybrid battery charge) for times whenusing the electric motor is more suitable (e.g., citydriving). Using the electric motor only saves more fuel at low speeds than at high ones. Therefore, use theSAVE mode primarily when the hybrid battery'scharge level is high and driving will initially be athighway speeds but will end with city drivingwhen electric driving is preferable. If the hybrid battery's charge level is low when this mode is selected, the gasoline engine willstart and charge the hybrid battery up to approx.33%. If the battery's charge level is already above33%, this level will be maintained by the enginemanagement system, which will start/stop the gasoline engine in the same way as in
Hybriddrive mode. This mode increases fuel consumption because the gasoline engine is used to conserve batterycharge for later use.
OFF ROAD
This mode helps maximize the vehicle's capacity to traverse difficult terrain or poor roads. In OFF ROAD, ground clearance is maximized, the steering is light, All Wheel Drive and HillDescent Control are activated and a compassand altimeter will be displayed in the instrumentpanel.This drive mode can only be activated at lowspeeds (the permissible speed range will beshown on the speedometer). At higher speeds,OFF ROAD mode will be cancelled and AWD willbe activated. This mode is not intended for normal street driv- ing.
CAUTION
OFF ROAD drive mode may not be used if the vehicle is towing a trailer without an elec-trical connection. This could result in damageto the pneumatic suspension system's bel-lows.
Due to the increased ground clearance, if the OFF ROAD mode was selected when the enginewas switched off, it will also restart in this mode.
AWD
This mode offers improved traction using four- wheel drive and is intended primarily for low-speed driving on slippery surfaces. However, italso helps increase directional stability at higherspeeds. In this mode, both the electric motor and the gas- oline engine are used continuously, which resultsin higher fuel consumption.
POWER
Power mode is intended for sportier, more active
driving. This mode maximizes the combined effects of the electric motor and the gasoline engine andprovides power to all four wheels. Response topressure on the accelerator pedal is more imme-diate and the transmission shifts up at higherspeeds. Steering response is also more immedi-ate, the suspension is stiffer and lower groundclearance reduces body roll when cornering. In this mode, both the electric motor and the gas- oline engine are used continuously, which resultsin higher fuel consumption.

||
STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
400
Activating LSC
Select the Off Road drive mode to activate the
function. Select any other drive mode to turn it off.
NOTE
When LSC with HDC is activated by the Off
Road drive mode, the feel of the accelerator
pedal and engine response will change. The function is deactivated when driving at higher speeds and must be reactivated atlower speeds if so desired.
Related information
• Brake functions (p. 348)
• Hill Descent Control (HDC) (p. 350)
• Drive modes (p. 390)
All Wheel Drive (AWD) 8
Your Volvo can be equipped with All Wheel Drive, which means that power is distributedautomatically between the front and rear wheels.
Under normal driving conditions, most of the engine's power is directed to the front wheels.However, if there is any tendency for the frontwheels to spin, an electronically controlled cou-pling distributes power to the wheels that havethe best traction. AWD reacts differently, depending on the drive mode * selected.
Related information
• Drive modes (p. 390)
• Low Speed Control (LSC) (p. 399)
Suspension and leveling control
*
The leveling control system adjusts the suspen- sion and shock absorbers automatically to helpprovide good comfort and control while driving.Leveling can also be controlled manually tomake loading or getting in and out of the vehicleeasier.
Pneumatic suspension and shock absorbers
This system is linked to the selected drive mode and is adapted to the vehicle's speed. The pneu-matic suspension reduces the vehicle's groundclearance at higher speeds to reduce wind resis-tance and increase stability. The shock absorbersare normally set to provide the best possiblecomfort and are adjusted continuously accordingto the road surface, acceleration, braking andcornering. A message will be displayed in the instrument panel when the suspension level is beingadjusted. The level cannot be adjusted if one of the side doors or the hood is open.

||
WHEELS AND TIRES
450
WARNING
•Exceeding the permissible axle weight, gross vehicle weight, or any other weightrating limits can cause tire overheatingresulting in permanent deformation orcatastrophic failure.
• Do not use replacement tires with lowerload carrying capacities than the tires thatwere original equipment on the vehiclebecause this will lower the vehicle's GVWrating. Use only tires with the correct loadcarrying capacity. Consult your Volvoretailer for information.
Related information
• Label information (p. 520)
• Weights (p. 525)
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIRE-MENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES .
Quality grades can be found, where applica- ble, on the tire sidewall between the treadshoulder and maximum section width. Forexample: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEARThe treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when testedunder controlled conditions on a specified gov-ernment test course. For example, a tire graded150 would wear one and one half (1 ½) times aswell on the government course as a tire graded100. The relative performance of tires dependsupon the actual conditions of their use, however,and many depart significantly from the norm dueto variation in driving habits, maintenance practi-ces and differences in road characteristics andclimate.
TRACTIONThe traction grades, from highest to lowest, areAA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlledconditions on specified government test surfacesof asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C mayhave poor traction performance. The tractiongrade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a meas-ure of cornering (turning) traction.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) tractiontests and is not a measure of cornering (turn-ing) traction.
TEMPERATUREThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to thegeneration of heat and its ability to dissipate heatwhen tested under controlled conditions on aspecified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustainedhigh temperature can cause the material of thetire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and exces-sive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure.The grade C corresponds to a minimum level ofperformance that all passenger vehicle tires mustmeet under the Federal Motor Safety StandardNo. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levelsof performance on the laboratory test wheel thanthe minimum required by law.
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated andnot overloaded. Excessive speed, under-infla-tion, or excessive loading, either separately orin combination, can cause heat buildup andtire failure.

WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
451
Snow tires and chains
The use of snow chains and/or winter tires can help improve traction in winter driving conditions.
Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions:
• Snow chains should be installed on front wheels only. Use only Volvo approved snowchains.
• If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tiresand wheels are installed and are of a size dif-ferent than the original tires and wheels,chains in some cases CANNOT be used.Sufficient clearances between chains andbrakes, suspension and body componentsmust be maintained.
• Some strap-on type chains will interfere withbrake components and therefore CANNOTbe used.
• All Wheel Drive models
: Snow chains
should only be installed on the front wheels.
• Certain size tires may not allow the assemblyof snow chains/traction devices.
Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.
CAUTION
• Snow chains should not be used on wheels larger than 19".
• Always follow the chain manufacturer'sinstallation instructions carefully. Installchains as tightly as possible andretighten periodically.
• Check local regulations regarding the useof snow chains before installing.
• Use single-sided snow chains only.
• Never exceed the chain manufacturer'sspecified maximum speed limit. (Underno circumstances should you exceed31 mph (50 km/h).
• Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns whendriving with snow chains.
• The handling of the vehicle can beadversely affected when driving withchains. Avoid fast or sharp turns as wellas locked wheel braking.
Checking tire inflation pressure
Correct tire inflation pressure helps improve driv- ing stability, save fuel and increase the servicelife of the tires.
WARNING
• Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result insevere tire cracking, tread separation, or"blow-out," with unexpected loss of vehi-cle control and increased risk of injury.
• Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-rying capacity of your vehicle.
Cold tiresInflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold. The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the sur-rounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If youhave to drive farther than this distance to pumpyour tire(s), check and record the tire pressurefirst and add the appropriate air pressure whenyou get to the pump. When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree