brake light VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE 2018 Owner's Manual

DRIVER SUPPORT
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* Option/accessory. 315
NOTEVisual warnings on the windshield may be dif-
ficult to notice in cases of strong sunlight,
reflections, extreme light contrasts, or if the
driver is wearing sunglasses or is not looking
straight ahead.
WARNING
Pilot Assist only issues a warning for vehicles
detected by its camera and radar unit – thus,
a warning may come after a delay or not at all.
•
Never wait for a warning. Apply the
brakes when necessary!
Related information
•Pilot Assist (p. 311) Head-up display for Pilot Assist
during collision risks
In vehicles equipped with a head-up display*, a
flashing warning symbol will be displayed on the
windshield. Collision warning symbol on the windshield
64
.
NOTE Visual warnings on the windshield may be dif-
ficult to notice in cases of strong sunlight,
reflections, extreme light contrasts, or if the
driver is wearing sunglasses or is not looking
straight ahead.
Related information
•
Pilot Assist (p. 311) Activating and starting Pilot Assist
Pilot Assist must first be activated and then
started before it can regulate speed and dis-
tance and provide steering assistance.
Note: This illustration is general and details may vary
depending on model.
To start Pilot Assist:
•
The driver's seat belt must be buckled and
the driver's door must be closed.
• There must be a vehicle ahead (target vehi-
cle) within a reasonable distance or your
vehicle's current speed must be at least
15 km/h (9 mph). 64
Note: This illustration is general and details may vary depending on mod\
el.

DRIVER SUPPORT
322Switching target vehicles with Pilot
Assist
At certain speeds, models with automatic trans-
missions and

Pilot Assist can switch target vehi-
cles.
Switching target vehicles If the target vehicle ahead turns suddenly, there may be
stationary traffic ahead.
When Pilot Assist is actively following another
vehicle at speeds under 30 km/h (20 mph) and
switches targets from a moving vehicle to a sta-
tionary vehicle,

Pilot Assist will brake for the sta-
tionary vehicle.
WARNING When Pilot Assist follows another vehicle at
speeds over approx. 30 km/h (20 mph) and
changes target vehicle – from a moving vehi-
cle to a stationary one – Pilot Assist will
ignore the stationary vehicle and instead
accelerate to the stored speed.
• The driver must then intervene and apply
the brakes.
Automatic standby mode when switching
targets
Pilot Assist disengages and goes into standby
mode if:
• your vehicle's speed goes below 5 km/h
(3 mph) and Pilot Assist cannot determine if
the target object is a stationary vehicle or
another object, e.g. a speed bump.
• your vehicle's speed goes under 5 km/h
(3 mph) and the vehicle ahead turns so that
Pilot Assist no longer has a vehicle to follow.
Related information
•Pilot Assist (p. 311) Automatic braking with Pilot Assist
Pilot Assist has a special braking function in
slow traffic and at a standstill.
Braking function in slow traffic and at a
standstill
In slow-moving, stop-and-go traffic or when stop-
ped at a traffic light, driving will resume automati-
cally if the vehicle is stopped for less than
approx. 3 seconds. If it takes more than 3 sec-
onds for the vehicle ahead to begin moving again,
Pilot Assist will go into standby mode and the
Auto-hold brake function will activate.
– Pilot Assist can be reactivated by:
• Pressing the button on the steering
wheel keypad.
• Pressing the accelerator pedal.
>

Pilot Assist will resume following the vehi-
cle ahead if it begins to move within
approx. 6 seconds.
NOTE Pilot Assist can keep the vehicle stationary
for no more than 5 minutes – after that time
the parking brake is applied and the function
is deactivated.
The parking brake must be released before
Pilot Assist can be reactivated.

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323
Deactivation of the Auto-hold brake function
In certain situations, Auto-hold will be deactivated
when the vehicle is at a standstill and Pilot Assist
will go into standby mode. This means that the
brakes will be released and the vehicle could
begin to roll. The driver must actively apply the
brakes to keep the vehicle stationary.
This can occur if:
• the driver depresses the brake pedal
• the parking brake is applied
• the gear selector is moved to the P, N or R
positions
• the driver puts Pilot Assist in standby mode.
Auto Activate Parking BrakeIn certain situations, the parking brake will be
applied to keep the vehicle at a standstill.
This occurs if Pilot Assist is keeping the vehicle
stationary using the brakes and:
• the driver opens the door or unbuckles
his/her seat belt
• Pilot Assist has kept the vehicle at a stand-
still for more than approx. 5 minutes
• the brakes overheat
• the driver switches off the engine manually.
Related information
•Pilot Assist (p. 311) Pilot Assist limitations
Pilot Assist functionality may be reduced in cer-
tain situations.
Pilot Assist is a driver support function designed
to simplify driving and assist the driver in many
situations. However, the driver is always responsi-
ble for maintaining a suitable distance to vehicles
or objects around it and ensuring that the vehicle
is correctly positioned in the traffic lane.
WARNING In some situations, Pilot Assist may have trou-
ble helping the driver properly or may be
deactivated automatically – we advise against
using Pilot Assist in such cases. Examples of
such situations include:
• the lane markings are worn, missing or
cross each other.
• lane division is unclear, for example, when
the lanes divide or merge or at exits or
when there are multiple sets of markings.
• edges or other lines than lane markings
are present on or near the road, e.g.
curbs, joints or repairs to the road sur-
face, edges of barriers, roadside edges or
strong shadows.
• the lane is narrow or winding.
• the lane contains ridges or holes.
• weather conditions are poor, e.g. rain,
snow or fog or slush or reduced visibility
with poor light conditions, backlighting,
wet road surface, etc.
The driver should also note that Pilot Assist
has the following limitations:
• High curbs, roadside barriers, temporary
obstacles (traffic cones, safety barriers,
etc.) are not detected. Alternatively, they
may be detected incorrectly as lane mark-
ings, with a subsequent risk of contact
between the vehicle and such obstacles.

DRIVER SUPPORT
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335
Recommended maintenance for the
camera/radar sensor
In order for the camera/radar sensor to function
properly, the area of the windshield in front of the
unit must be kept free of dirt, ice, snow, etc. and
should be washed regularly with water and car
washing detergent.
NOTE
Dirt, ice and snow covering the camera and
radar unit reduce their function and can make
measurement impossible.
It could cause functions to be reduced, deac-
tivated completely or produce an incorrect
function response.
Related information
•
Camera (p. 331) City Safety™
City Safety can alert the driver with light, sound
and pulsations in the brake pedal to help the
driver detect pedestrians, cyclists, large animals
and vehicles that appear suddenly – the vehicle
will then attempt to automatically brake if the
driver does not act within a reasonable amount
of time. Location of the camera and radar sensor
75
.
City Safety can help prevent a collision or lower
the vehicle's speed at the point of impact.
City Safety is an aid intended to assist the driver
if a collision with a pedestrian, large animal,
cyclist or vehicle is imminent.
City Safety can help the driver avoid a collision
when e.g. driving in stop-and-go traffic, when changes in the traffic ahead and driver distraction
could lead to an incident.
The function assists the driver by automatically
applying the brakes if there is an imminent risk of
a collision and the driver does not react in time by
braking and/or steering away.
City Safety activates a brief, forceful braking in an
attempt to stop your vehicle immediately behind
the vehicle or object ahead.
City Safety is activated in situations in which the
driver should have applied the brakes much ear-
lier, which means that the system will not be able
to assist the driver in all situations.
City Safety is designed to be activated as late as
possible to help avoid unnecessary intervention.
Normally, the occupants of the vehicle will not be
aware of City Safety except when the system
intervenes when a collision is imminent.
75
Note: This illustration is general and details may vary depending on mod\
el.

DRIVER SUPPORT
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337
Large animals
If there is a risk of colliding with a large animal,
City Safety can help reduce your vehicle's speed
by up to 15 km/h (9 mph).
The braking function for large animals is primarily
intended to mitigate the force of a collision at
higher speeds. Braking is most effective at
speeds above 70 km/h (43 mph) and less effec-
tive at lower speeds.
City Safety sub-functions Function overview
76
. Audio-visual collision warning
Camera/radar sensor distance monitoring City Safety carries out three steps in the follow-
ing order:
1.

Collision warning
2. Brake assistance
3. Auto-brake
Descriptions of what happens in these three
steps are provided below.
1 - Collision warning
The driver is first alerted to the risk of an immi-
nent collision.
City Safety can detect pedestrians, cyclists or
vehicles that are stationary, are moving in the
same direction as your vehicle and are ahead of
your vehicle. City Safety can also detect pedes-
trians, cyclists or large animals that are crossing
the road in front of your vehicle.
If there is a risk of a collision with a pedestrian,
large animal, cyclist or another vehicle, or with a
vehicle described in the section "City Safety in
crossing traffic", the driver will be alerted with
light, sound and pulsations in the brake pedal. At
lower speeds, during hard braking or if the accel-
erator pedal is pressed, the brake pedal pulsation
warning will not be given. The intensity of the
brake pedal pulsations varies according to the
vehicle's speed.
2 - Brake assistance
If the risk of a collision increases after the colli-
sion warning, brake support will be activated.
If the system determines that the pressure the
driver is exerting on the brake pedal is insufficient
to prevent the collision, brake support will
increase pressure. 76
Note: This illustration is general and details may vary depending on mod\
el.

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338
3 - Auto-brake
The automatic braking function is activated at the
last moment.
If the driver has not taken evasive action by this
stage and a collision is imminent, the automatic
braking function will be triggered. This occurs
whether or not the driver is pressing the brake
pedal. Full braking force will be applied to reduce
the speed at impact or reduced braking effect will
be applied if this is sufficient to avoid the colli-
sion.
The seat belt tensioners may be activated along
with the automatic braking function. See "Seat
belt tensioners" for more information.
In certain situations, auto-braking may begin with
a limited braking force before applying full brak-
ing force.
If City Safety has prevented a collision, the vehi-
cle will be kept at a standstill until the driver
takes action. If the vehicle has slowed to avoid
colliding with a slower-moving vehicle ahead, your
speed will be reduced to that vehicle's speed.
Auto-braking can always be cancelled if the
driver presses hard on the accelerator pedal.
NOTE
When City Safety activates the brakes, the
brake lights come on. When City Safety applies the brakes, a text mes-
sage will appear in the instrument panel to notify
the driver that the function is/was activated.
WARNING
City Safety may not be used to change how
the driver operates the vehicle. The driver
must not only rely on City Safety to brake the
vehicle.
Related information
•
City Safety™ (p. 335) Setting a warning distance for City
Safety
City Safety is always active, but the function's
warning distance can be adjusted.
NOTE The City Safety function cannot be deacti-
vated. It is activated automatically each time
the engine/electric motor is started.
The alert distance determines the sensitivity of
the system and regulates the distance at which
the light, sound and brake pulsations will be acti-
vated.
To select warning distance:
1.

Select Settings My Car IntelliSafe
in
the center display's Top view.
2. Under City Safety Warning, tap Late,
Normal or Early to set the desired warning distance.
If the driver feels that the Early setting is giving
too many warnings or finds them irritating, the
Normal or Late warning distance settings can
be selected instead.
If the driver feels that the warnings are too fre-
quent and distracting, the warning distance can
be reduced. This will reduce the total number of
warnings, but it will also result in City Safety pro-
viding warnings at a later stage.

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339
The
Late warning distance setting should there-
fore only be used in exceptional cases, such as
when a more dynamic driving style is preferred.
WARNING •
No automatic system can guarantee
100% correct function in all situations.
You should therefore never test use of
City Safety in the direction of people, ani-
mals or vehicles – this could lead to
severe damage, serious personal injury or
even death.
• City Safety warns the driver if there is a
risk of collision, but the function cannot
reduce the driver's reaction time.
• Even if the warning distance has been set
to Early, warnings may be perceived as
late in certain situations – e.g. when there
are large speed differences or if the vehi-
cle ahead suddenly brakes heavily.
• With the warning distance set to
Early,
warnings come further in advance. This
may cause the warnings to come more
frequently than with warning distance
Normal, but is recommended since it can
make City Safety more effective.
NOTE The warning with direction indicators for Rear
Collision Warning is deactivated if the colli-
sion warning distance in the City Safety func-
tion is set to the lowest level "
Late".
The seat belt tensioning and braking func-
tions remain active.
Related information
• City Safety™ (p. 335) Detecting obstacles with City Safety
City Safety can detect vehicles, cyclists, large
animals and pedestrians.
VehiclesCity Safety detects most types of vehicles that
are either stationary, moving in the same direc-
tion as your vehicle or those described in "City
Safety in crossing traffic".
For City Safety to be able to detect a vehicle in
the dark, its headlights and taillights must be on
and clearly visible.
Cyclists Optimal examples of what City Safety would interpret to
be a cyclist: clear body and bicycle shapes.
For optimal performance, the system's function
for cyclist detection needs the clearest possible
information about the contours of the bicycle and
of the cyclist's head, arm, shoulders, legs, torso

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340
and lower body in combination with normal
human movements.
If large portions of the cyclist's body or the bicy-
cle itself are not visible to the function's camera,
it will not be able to detect a cyclist.
The system can only detect adult cyclists riding
on bicycles intended for adults.
WARNING
City Safety is supplementary driver support,
but it cannot detect all cyclists in all situations
and, for example, cannot see:
• partially obscured cyclists.
• cyclists if the background contrast of the
cyclist is poor - warning and brake inter-
ventions may then be late or not occur at
all.
• cyclists in clothing that hides their body
contour.
• bikes loaded with large objects.
The driver is always responsible for ensuring
that the vehicle is driven correctly and with a
safety distance suitable for the speed.
Pedestrians Optimal examples of what the system considers to be a
pedestrian: clear body contours.
For optimal performance, the system's function
for pedestrian detection needs the clearest pos-
sible information about body and bicycle con-
tours. This entails being able to detect the con-
tours of the pedestrian's head, arm, shoulders,
legs, torso and lower body in combination with
normal human movements.
In order to detect a pedestrian, there must be a
contrast to the background, which could depend
on clothing, weather conditions, etc. If there is lit-
tle contrast, the person may be detected late or
not at all, which may result in a delayed reaction
from the system or no reaction at all.
City Safety can detect pedestrians even in dark
conditions if they are illuminated by the vehicle's
headlights.WARNING City Safety is supplementary driver support,
but it cannot detect all pedestrians in all sit-
uations and, for example, cannot see:
• partially obscured pedestrians, people in
clothing that hides their body contour or
pedestrians shorter than 80 cm (32 in.).
• pedestrians if the background contrast of
the pedestrians is poor - warning and
brake interventions may then be late or
not occur at all.
• pedestrians who are carrying large
objects.
The driver is always responsible for ensuring
that the vehicle is driven correctly and with a
safety distance suitable for the speed.

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341
Large animals Optimal examples of what City Safety would interpret as
a large animal: stationary or moving slowly and with clear
body contours.
For optimal performance, the system's function
for detecting large animals (e.g. moose, horses,
etc.) needs the clearest possible information
about body contours. This entails being able to
detect the animal straight from the side in combi-
nation with normal movements for that animal.
If parts of the animal's body are not visible to the
function's camera, the system will not be able to
detect the animal.
City Safety can detect large animals even in dark
conditions if they are illuminated by the vehicle's
headlights.WARNING City Safety is supplementary driver support,
but it cannot detect all large animals in all sit-
uations and, for example, cannot see:
• partially obscured larger animals.
• larger animals seen from the front or from
behind.
• running or fast moving larger animals.
• larger animals if the contrast of the ani-
mal's background is poor - warning and
brake interventions may then occur late
or not at all.
• smaller animals such as cats and dogs.
The driver is always responsible for ensuring
that the vehicle is driven correctly and with a
safety distance suitable for the speed.
Related information
• City Safety™ (p. 335) City Safety in crossing traffic
City Safety
can assist the driver when turning in
the path of an oncoming vehicle in an intersec-
tion. : Sector in which City Safety can detect an oncoming
vehicle in crossing traffic.
In order for City Safety to detect an oncoming
vehicle in situations where there is a risk of a col-
lision, that vehicle must be within the sector in
which City Safety can analyze the situation.
The following criteria must also be met:
• your vehicle's speed must be at least 4 km/h
(3 mph)
• your vehicle must be making a left turn
• the oncoming vehicle's headlights must be
on

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WARNING
•
The "City Safety in crossing traffic" func-
tion is supplementary driver support
intended to improve driving safety – it
cannot handle all situations in all traffic,
weather and road conditions.
• Warnings and brake interventions due to
a collision risk with an oncoming vehicle
often come very late.
• Never wait for a collision warning or for
City Safety to intervene.
• City Safety is not a substitute for the driv-
er's attention and judgment. The driver is
always responsible for ensuring the vehi-
cle is driven in a safe manner, at the
appropriate speed, with an appropriate
distance to other vehicles, and in accord-
ance with current traffic rules and regula-
tions.
Related information
•
City Safety™ (p. 335) Limitations of City Safety in
crossing traffic
In certain situations, it may be difficult for City
Safety to help the driver avoid a collision with
crossing traffic. For example:
• on slippery roads when Electronic Stability
Control (ESC) is actively operating
• if an approaching vehicle is detected at a late
stage
• if the oncoming vehicle is partially obstructed
by another vehicle or object
• if the oncoming vehicle's headlights are off
• if the oncoming vehicle is moving erratically
and e.g. suddenly changes lanes at a late
stage.
NOTE The function uses the vehicle's camera unit,
which has some general limitations – see the
section "Camera unit limitations".
NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's radar unit,
which has some general limitations – see the
section "Radar unit limitations".
Related information
•
City Safety™ (p. 335)