battery VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE 2020 Workshop Manual

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418be felt from the brake pedal when ABS is operating, which is normal. After the vehicle is started, a brief test of the ABS system is automatically performed whenthe driver releases the brake pedal. An addi-tional automatic test of the system may beperformed when the vehicle is traveling at alow speed. During the test, the brake pedalmay feel as though it is pulsating.
Light braking charges the hybrid
battery
When the brakes are applied lightly, the elec-tric motor braking function is used. This con-verts the vehicle's kinetic energy into electricalenergy, which is used to charge the hybridbattery. When the battery is being chargedwith the electric motor braking function, thiswill be indicated in the instrument panel.When the battery is being charged with the electric motor braking function, this will be indicated in theinstrument panel.
This function is active at speeds in the range of 150-5 km/h (93-3 mph). When braking atspeeds outside of this range, or during harderbraking, the hydraulic braking system is usedto augment braking. This is indicated in theinstrument panel with the pointer down in thered area.
Symbols in the instrument panel
Symbol Meaning
A
B Check the brake fluid level. If the level is low, fill brake fluid andcheck to determine the reasonfor the loss of brake fluid.
A
BFault in pedal sensor.
2
Anti-lock Braking System

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423
Settings for automatically activating the parking brake Choose whether the parking brake should be activated automatically when the vehicle isswitched off.
To change this setting: 1.Tap
Settings in the center display's Top
view.
2. Tap
My CarParking Brake and
Suspension and select or deselect theAuto Activate Parking Brake function.
Related information
Activating and deactivating the parking brake (p. 421)
Parking brake (p. 421)
Parking on a hill
Always use the parking brake when parking on a hill.
WARNING
Always apply the parking brake when park- ing on an incline. Selecting a gear or put-ting the automatic transmission in P may
not be sufficient to keep the vehicle sta-tionary in all situations.
If the vehicle is pointing uphill:
Turn the front wheels so they are pointing away from
the curb.
If the vehicle is pointing downhill:
Turn the front wheels so they are pointingtoward
the curb.
Heavy load uphill
Heavy loads, such as a trailer, could cause the vehicle to roll backward when the parkingbrake is released automatically on steep uphillgradients. To help avoid this, pull the controlupward while you are driving away. Releasethe control when the vehicle gains traction.
Related information
Activating and deactivating the parkingbrake (p. 421)
Parking brake malfunction
If you are unable to deactivate or activate the parking brake after several attempts, contactan authorized Volvo workshop.
A audible warning signal will sound if the park- ing brake is activated while the vehicle isbeing driven. If the vehicle must be parked before the prob- lem is rectified, turn the wheels as when park-ing on an incline and put the gear selector inP .
Low battery charge levelIf the battery charge level is too low, it will notbe possible to activate or deactivate the park-ing brake. Connect an auxiliary battery to thevehicle if the battery is discharged.
Replacing brake padsDue to the design of the electric parkingbrake, the rear brake pads must be replacedby a workshop. An authorized Volvo workshopis recommended.

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Symbols in the instrument panel
Symbol Meaning
A
BA flashing symbol indicates that a fault has been detected. Seethe message in the instrumentpanel.
A
BFault in the brake system. See the message in the instrumentpanel.
Information message in the instrument panel.
A
Canadian models.
B US models.
Related information
Activating and deactivating the parking brake (p. 421)
Parking on a hill (p. 423)
Start battery (p. 613)
Volvo's service program (p. 596)
Auto-hold brakes
With the Auto-hold brake function, the driver can release the brake pedal and the brakeswill remain applied, for example, when thevehicle has stopped at a traffic light or inter-section.
When the vehicle stops, the brakes are acti- vated automatically. The function can useeither the normal brakes or the parking brakesto keep the vehicle stationary and works onflat surfaces or hills. If the driver has their seatbelt fastened or if the driver's door is closed,the brakes will disengage automatically whenthe vehicle starts driving.
NOTE
When braking to a stop on an uphill or downhill gradient, depress the brake pedalwith slightly more force than usual beforereleasing to ensure that the vehicle cannotmove at all.
The parking brake is activated if
the vehicle is switched off
the driver's door is opened
the driver's seat belt is removed
the vehicle has been stationary for a pro- longed period of time (5-10 minutes)

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* Option/accessory.429
Reverse - R
Select R when backing up. The vehicle must
be stationary when Reverse is selected.
Neutral - N
No gear is selected and the engine can be started. Apply the parking brake if the vehicleis stationary with the gear selector in N.
To move the gear selector from N to another
gear, the brake pedal must be depressed andthe ignition in mode II.
D drive mode
D is the normal driving gear position. The
transmission shifts up or down automatically depending on acceleration and speed. The vehicle must be stationary when the gear selector is moved from R to D.
Brake - B
Brake position in instrument panel overview.
From the B position, it is possible to shift
manually. B can be selected at any time while
driving. When the accelerator pedal is released, the electric motor brakes the vehicleand the hybrid battery is recharged at thesame time. This offers additional opportunitiesto recharge the hybrid battery, since the bat-tery is charged even when the brake pedal isnot depressed. Select brake by moving the gear selector rear- ward from the D position. The currently
selected gear will be displayed in the instru-ment panel.
Push the gear selector to the right toward"
+ " (plus) and release to shift up one gear.
Push the gear selector to the left toward"
– " (minus) and release to shift down one
gear.
Push the gear selector rearward to returnto
D mode.
For smooth shifting and engine performance,the transmission will shift down automaticallyif the vehicle's speed becomes too low for theselected gear.
Related information
Automatic transmission (p. 427)
Shiftlock (p. 430)
Using the steering wheel paddles
* to shift
(p. 429)
The kickdown function (p. 431)
Using the steering wheel paddles
*
to shift
The steering wheel paddles are a supplement to the gear selector and make it possible toshift manually without removing your handsfrom the steering wheel.
" -": Shift down one gear.
" + ": Shift up one gear.
Activating the steering wheel paddlesIn order to shift gears using the paddles, they must first be activated:
–Pull one of the paddles toward the steer- ing wheel.
> A number in the instrument panel indi-
cates the current gear being used.

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Drive systemsVolvo Twin Engine combines a combustion engine for the front wheels and an electricmotor for the rear wheels.
Two drive systemsDepending on the selected drive mode and power available in the electric motor, the drivesystems can either be used separately or intandem. The electric motor gets its energy from a hybrid battery located under the tunnel con-sole. The hybrid can be charged from a walloutlet or in a special charging station. Thecombustion engine can also charge the hybridbattery using a special high-voltage generator. Both the combustion engine and the electric motor can generate power directly to thewheels. An advanced control system coordi-nates both the drive systems to help optimizedriving economy.
Hybrid battery - The hybrid battery's func- tion is to store electrical current. Thisenergy is provided by plugging the charg-ing cable into an electrical outlet, throughregenerative braking or from the high-volt-age generator. This provides current topower the electric motor and to temporar-ily power the electrical air conditioning toprecondition the passenger compartment.
Combustion engine - The combustion engine starts when the charge level in thehybrid battery is too low to provide thepower output requested by the driver.
High-voltage generator 6
- Charges the
hybrid battery. Starter for the combustion engine. Can provide the combustion engine with extra electrical current.
Electric motor - Powers the vehicle using electricity. Can provide extra torque andpower during acceleration. Provides elec-trical all-wheel drive functionality. Regen-erates braking energy into electrical cur-rent.
Related information

General information about Twin Engine(p. 394)
Starting and stopping the combustionengine in Twin Engine vehicles (p. 433)
Drive modes (p. 433)
Transmission (p. 426)
Factors affecting electric motor range(p. 448)
6
CISG (Crank Integrated Starter Generator) – combined high-voltage generator and starter.

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* Option/accessory.433
Starting and stopping the combustion engine in Twin Enginevehicles An advanced control system determines the distance that the vehicle can be driven on thecombustion engine, electric motor, or both atthe same time. When driving on only theelectric motor, the vehicle may automaticallystart the combustion engine due to outsidecircumstances, e.g. low ambient tempera-tures. This is completely normal. The com-bustion engine will also always start whenthe hybrid battery is nearly fully discharged.
Climate settings at low temperaturesAt low ambient temperatures, the combustion engine will sometimes start automatically tohelp achieve the desired passenger compart-ment temperature and air quality. The amountof time the combustion engine is running canbe affected by lowering the temperature
reducing blower speed
activating
Pure drive mode.
Using the electric motor in hot or cold
weather
At very low or high ambient temperatures, the electric motor's driving range and power maybe reduced and affect how often the combus-tion engine automatically starts.
Emission control systemTo help ensure that the emission control sys-tem is as energy-efficient as possible, thecombustion engine will run for several minutesafter it is started. The amount of time the com-bustion engine needs to be used variesdepending on the temperature of the three-way catalytic converter.
WARNING
California Proposition 65 Operating, servicing and maintaining a pas- senger vehicle can expose you to chemi-cals including engine exhaust, carbon mon-oxide, phthalates, and lead, which areknown to the State of California to causecancer and birth defects or other reproduc-tive harm. To minimize exposure, avoidbreathing exhaust, do not idle the engineexcept as necessary, service your vehicle ina well ventilated area and wear gloves orwash your hands frequently when servicingyour vehicle. For more information go towww.P65Warnings.ca.gov/passenger-vehicle.
Related information
Drive systems (p. 432)
Economical driving (p. 446)
Drive modes (p. 433)
Drive modes
Drive modes affect the vehicle's driving cha- racteristics in different ways to enhance andsimplify the driving experience in certaintypes of situations.
Drive modes enable easy access to the vehi- cle's many functions and settings in differentdriving situations. Each drive mode is adaptedto help optimize driving characteristics. Steering
Engine/transmission/all-wheel drive
Brakes
Pneumatic suspension
* and shock absorb-
ers
Instrument panel
Climate control settings
Select the drive mode that is adapted to the current driving conditions. Keep in mind thatnot all drive modes are available in all situa-tions.

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434
Available drive modes
WARNING
Keep in mind that the vehicle does not emit any engine noise when using the electricmotor and may therefore be difficult todetect for children, pedestrians, cyclists oranimals. This is particularly true at lowspeeds, e.g. in parking lots.
WARNING
Do not leave the vehicle in an unventilated area with a drive mode activated and thecombustion engine switched off. Theengine will start automatically if the chargelevel in the hybrid battery is low and theresulting exhaust gases can be very harm-ful to people and animals.
Hybrid
This is the default mode in which the elec- tric motor and combustion engine work together.
The vehicle starts in
Hybrid mode. The control
system uses both the electric motor and the gasoline engine – separately or in tandem –and adapts utilization with regard to perform-ance, fuel consumption and comfort. At highspeeds, ground clearance is automatically lowered 7
to reduce air resistance. Driving capacity on the electric motor alone is deter- mined by factors such as the hybrid battery'scharge level, the need for heat or cooling inthe passenger compartment, etc. If there is sufficient charge in the battery, it is possible to drive solely on electric power.When the accelerator pedal is pressed, onlythe electric motor will be activated until thebattery reaches a certain charge level. Abovethis level, the current in the battery cannotsupply the power requested by the acceleratorpedal and the combustion engine will start. When the hybrid battery's charge level is low, the combustion engine will start more fre-quently to save the remaining current in thebattery. Charge the hybrid battery from a120-240 volt outlet using a charging cable, or activate
Charge in Function view to reset the
option of only using the electric motor. This drive mode is designed for low energy consumption with a mix between the electricmotor and gasoline engine, without compro-mising on climate comfort or driving experi-ence. When faster acceleration is requestedby the driver, the electric driveline will be uti-lized to help provide maximum additionalpower. The vehicle also monitors the driving condi- tions and automatically engages all-wheeldrive if necessary. All-wheel drive and extra electric power are always available regardlessof the battery's charging status.
Information in the instrument panel
When driving in Hybrid mode, a hybrid gauge will be displayed in the instrument panel. Thegauge will indicate the amount of electricalcurrent required when the driver depressesthe accelerator pedal. The marker between thelightning and the drop shows how much cur-rent is available.
The instrument panel gauge when both the electric motor and the combustion engine are being used.
The instrument panel also shows how much current is being restoredto the battery (regenerated) duringlight braking.
7
For vehicles with pneumatic suspension.

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435
Pure
Uses the electric motor only, with the low- est possible energy consumption and car-bon dioxide emissions.
This drive mode prioritizes the use of the hybrid battery. Ground clearance is lowered 7
to reduce air resistance and certain climate system functions are reduced to provide thelongest possible driving distance using onlyelectricity.
Pure mode is available when the hybrid bat-
tery is sufficiently charged. Even in Puremode, the combustion engine will start if the charge level in the battery gets too low. Thecombustion engine will also start
if the vehicle's speed goes above125 km/h (78 mph)
if the driver requests more power than theelectric motor can provide
if factors such as cold weather affect thesystem or components.
This drive mode is adapted for the longestpossible driving distance with electric propul-sion and is primarily intended for use in city driving.
Pure helps provide the lowest possi-
ble consumption even when the hybrid battery is fully discharged. ECO climate is activated tocontrol the climate in the passenger compart-ment, and in slippery road conditions slightly more wheel spin may be permitted before all-wheel drive is automatically activated.
ECO Climate
In Pure mode, ECO climate is automatically
activated in the passenger compartment to help reduce energy consumption.
NOTE
When the Pure drive mode is activated,
settings for certain climate system and electricity consuming functions arereduced. Some of these settings can bereset manually, but full functionality will only be restored by leaving
Pure mode or
adapting the Individual drive mode to full
climate system functionality.
If condensation forms on the windows, tap the max defroster button, which will function nor-mally.
Off Road
Prioritizes the vehicle's ability to traverse difficult terrain or poor roads.
In this mode, ground clearance 7
is high, steer-
ing is light, and all-wheel drive and HillDescent Control are activated. This drive mode is only available at low speeds, up to 40 km/h (25 mph). If this speed is exceeded,
Off Road mode will be cancelled
and Constant AWD mode will be activated
instead. All-wheel drive requires both the combustion and electric motor to be in continuous opera-tion, which results in higher fuel consumption. In
Off Road mode, a compass will be dis-
played between the speedometer and the tachometer in the instrument panel. The per-missible speed range will be shown in thespeedometer.
7 For vehicles with pneumatic suspension.

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* Option/accessory.
436 This drive mode is adapted for optimal control when driving at low speeds on very poor roads or difficult terrain. It raises the chassis
7
,
reduces driveline throttle response, and locks the vehicle in all-wheel drive. The Hill DescentControl function facilitates controlled drivingon steep downgrades.
NOTE
This drive mode is not designed to be used for normal street driving.
NOTE
Due to the increased ground clearance, if the Off Road mode was selected when
the engine was switched off, the suspen- sion will lower when the engine is restar-ted.
CAUTION
Do not use the Off Road drive mode when
towing a trailer without an electrical con- nection. This could result in damage to thepneumatic suspension system's bellows.
Constant AWD
Improves the vehicle's traction and han- dling by increasing all-wheel drive. This drive mode locks the vehicle in all-wheeldrive. An adapted distribution between frontand rear axle torque provides effective control,stability and traction, e.g. on slippery roads orwhen towing a heavy trailer or another vehicle. The
Constant AWD drive mode is always
available regardless of the hybrid battery's charge status. Both the combustion engine and the electric motor are engaged to enable all-wheel drive,which results in higher fuel consumption. In the other drive modes, the vehicle automati- cally adapts the need for all-wheel driveaccording to the road surface, and can acti-vate the electric motor or start the combustionengine as needed.
Power
The vehicle gets sportier driving characte- ristics and a faster acceleration response.
This drive mode adapts the combined powerfrom the combustion engine and the electricmotor by providing power to both the frontand rear wheels. Gear shifting will be fasterand more distinct and the transmission willprioritize gears with a higher traction force.Steering response is faster, suspension is stiffer and ground clearance is lower 7
to help
reduce body roll when cornering. Both the combustion engine and the electric motor are engaged to enable all-wheel drive,which results in higher fuel consumption. This drive mode is adapted for optimal per- formance and response during acceleration. Itchanges the throttle response, gear shiftingprogram and turbo boost system. Chassis set-tings and steering and brake response are also optimized. The
Power drive mode is always
available regardless of the hybrid battery's charge status.
Power mode is also available in a Polestar
Engineered* version.
7
For vehicles with pneumatic suspension.

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* Option/accessory.437
Individual
Customizes drive mode to personal prefer- ences.
Select one of the drive modes as a basis andadjust the settings to achieve your preferreddriving characteristics. These settings will bestored in your driver profile. Individual drive mode is only available if it has been activated in the center display.
Settings view 8
for Individual drive mode.
1. Tap Settings in the Top view.
2. Tap
My CarIndividual Drive Modeand select Individual Drive Mode. 3.
Under
Presets, select one of the following
drive modes as a basis: Pure, Hybrid,Power or Polestar Engineered* .
The following settings can be modified:

Driver Display
Steering Force
Powertrain Characteristics
Brake Characteristics
Suspension Control
ECO Climate
Using the electric or combustion engine
An advanced control system determines the distance that the vehicle can be driven on thecombustion engine, electric motor, or both atthe same time. Its primary function is to use the motor/engine and the current available in the hybrid batteryas efficiently as possible based on the charac-teristics of the various drive modes and thepower output requested by the driver bypressing the accelerator pedal. In certain cases, temporary limitations in the system or mandatory functions to help main- tain a low overall emissions level may result in greater use of the combustion engine.
8 The illustration is generic - details may vary according to vehicle model.