wheel torque Alfa Romeo Giulia 2018 Owner's Manual

ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS
The vehicle may be equipped with the
following active safety devices:
Anti-Lock Braking (ABS) System
Drive Train Control (DTC) System
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
System
Traction Control System (TCS)
Panic Brake Assist (PBA) System
Hill Start Assist (HSA) System
Dynamic Steering Torque (DST)
System
Active Torque Vectoring (ATV) System
For the operation of the systems, see the
following pages.
Anti-Lock Braking (ABS) System
An integral part of the braking system,
the ABS prevents one or more wheels
from locking and slipping in all road
surface conditions, regardless of the
intensity of the braking action. The
system ensures that the vehicle can be
controlled even during emergency
braking, allowing the driver to optimize
stopping distances.
The system intervenes during braking
when the wheels are about to lock,
typically in emergency braking or
low-grip conditions where locking may be
more frequent. The system also improves control and
stability of the vehicle when braking on a
surface where the grip of the left and
right wheels varies, such as in a corner.
The Electronic Braking Force Distribution
(EBD) system works with the ABS,
allowing the brake force to be distributed
between the front and rear wheels.
System Intervention
The ABS equipped on this vehicle is
provided with the "Brake-by-wire"
(Integrated Brake System - IBS) function.
With this system, the command given
by pressing the brake pedal is not
transmitted hydraulically, but electrically.
Therefore, the light pulsation that is felt
on the pedal with the traditional system
is no longer noticeable.
Warning!
The ABS contains sophisticated electronic
equipment that may be susceptible to
interference caused by improperly installed
or high output radio transmitting equipment.
This interference can cause possible loss of
anti-lock braking capability. Installation of
such equipment should be performed by
qualified professionals.
Pumping of the Anti-Lock Brakes will
diminish their effectiveness and may lead to
a collision. Pumping makes the stopping
distance longer. Just press firmly on your
brake pedal when you need to slow down or
stop.
The ABS cannot prevent the natural laws
of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor
can it increase braking or steering efficiency
beyond that afforded by the condition of the
vehicle brakes and tires or the traction
afforded.
The ABS cannot prevent collisions,
including those resulting from excessive
speed in turns, following another vehicle too
closely, or hydroplaning.
The capabilities of an ABS equipped
vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless
or dangerous manner that could jeopardize
the user’s safety or the safety of others.
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
System
The ESC system improves the directional
control and stability of the vehicle in
various driving conditions.
The ESC system corrects the vehicle’s
understeer and oversteer, distributing
the brake force on the appropriate
wheels. The torque supplied by the
engine can also be reduced in order to
maintain control of the vehicle.
The ESC system uses sensors installed
on the vehicle to determine the path that
the driver intends to follow and
compares it with the vehicle’s effective
path. When the real path deviates from
the desired path, the ESC system
intervenes to counter the vehicle’s
understeer or oversteer.
90
SAFETY

Oversteeroccurs when the vehicle is
turning more than it should according to
the angle of the steering wheel.
Understeer occurs when the vehicle is
turning less than it should according to
the angle of the steering wheel.
System Intervention
The intervention of the system is
indicated by the flashing of the ESC
warning light on the instrument panel,
to inform the driver that the vehicle
stability and grip are critical.
Warning!
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) cannot
prevent the natural laws of physics from
acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the
traction afforded by prevailing road
conditions. ESC cannot prevent accidents,
including those resulting from excessive
speed in turns, driving on very slippery
surfaces, or hydroplaning. ESC also cannot
prevent accidents resulting from loss of
vehicle control due to inappropriate driver
input for the conditions. Only a safe,
attentive, and skillful driver can prevent
accidents. The capabilities of an ESC
equipped vehicle must never be exploited in
a reckless or dangerous manner which could
jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of
others.
Vehicle modifications, or failure to
properly maintain your vehicle, may change
the handling characteristics of your vehicle,
and may negatively affect the performance
of the ESC system. Changes to the steering
system, suspension, braking system, tire
type and size or wheel size may adversely
affect ESC performance. Improperly
inflated and unevenly worn tires may also
degrade ESC performance. Any vehicle
modification or poor vehicle maintenance
that reduces the effectiveness of the ESC
system can increase the risk of loss of
vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal
injury and death.
Traction Control System (TCS)
The system automatically operates in the
event of slipping, loss of grip on wet
roads (hydroplaning), and acceleration on
one or both drive wheels on roads that
are slippery, snowy, icy, etc. Depending
on the slipping conditions, two different
control systems are activated:
If the slipping involves both drive
wheels, the system intervenes, reducing
the power transmitted by the engine.
If the slipping only involves one of the
drive wheels, the Brake Limited
Differential (BLD) function is activated,
automatically braking the wheel which is
slipping (the behavior of a self-locking
differential is simulated). This will
increase the engine torque transferred to
the wheel which isn't slipping. System Intervention
The intervention of the system is
indicated by the flashing of the ESC
warning light on the instrument panel,
to inform the driver that the vehicle
stability and grip are critical.
Panic Brake Assist (PBA) System
The PBA system is designed to improve
the vehicle’s braking capacity during
emergency braking.
The system detects emergency braking
by monitoring the speed and force with
which the brake pedal is pressed, and
consequently applies the optimal brake
pressure. This can reduce the braking
distance: the PBA system therefore
complements the ABS.
Maximum assistance from the PBA system
is obtained by pressing the brake pedal
very quickly. In addition, the brake pedal
should be pressed continuously during
braking, avoiding intermittent presses, to
get the most out of the system. Do not
reduce pressure on the brake pedal until
braking is no longer necessary.
The PBA system is deactivated when the
brake pedal is released.
Warning!
The Panic Brake Assist (PBA) cannot prevent
the natural laws of physics from acting on
the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction
afforded by prevailing road conditions.
91

PBA cannot prevent collisions, including
those resulting from excessive speed in
turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or
hydroplaning. The capabilities of a
PBA-equipped vehicle must never be
exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner,
which could jeopardize the user's safety or
the safety of others.
Hill Start Assist (HSA) System
This is an integral part of the ESC system
and facilitates starting on slopes,
activating automatically in the following
cases:
Uphill: vehicle stationary on a road
with a gradient higher than 5%, engine
running, brake pressed and transmission
in NEUTRAL (N) or gear other than
REVERSE (R) engaged.
Downhill: vehicle stationary on a road
with a gradient higher than 5%, engine
running, brake pressed and reverse gear
engaged.
When setting off, the ESC system control
unit maintains the braking pressure on the
wheels until the engine torque necessary
for starting is reached, or in any case for a
maximum of two seconds, allowing your
right foot to be moved easily from the
brake pedal to the accelerator.
The system will automatically deactivate
after two seconds without starting,
gradually releasing the braking pressure. During this release stage, it is possible to
hear a typical mechanical brake release
noise, indicating the imminent movement
of the vehicle.
Warning!
There may be situations where the Hill Start
Assist (HSA) will not activate and slight
rolling may occur, such as on minor hills or
with a loaded vehicle, or while pulling a
trailer. HSA is not a substitute for active
driving involvement. It is always the driver’s
responsibility to be attentive to distance to
other vehicles, people, and objects, and most
importantly brake operation to ensure safe
operation of the vehicle under all road
conditions. Your complete attention is
always required while driving to maintain
safe control of your vehicle. Failure to follow
these warnings can result in a collision or
serious personal injury.
Dynamic Steering Torque (DST) System
The DST function uses the integration of
the ESC system with the electric power
steering to increase the safety level of
the whole vehicle.
In critical situations (braking on surfaces
with different grip conditions), the ESC
system controls the steering through the
DST function to implement an additional
torque contribution on the steering wheel
in order to suggest the most correct
maneuver to the driver.The coordinated action of the brakes and
steering increases the sensation of
safety and control of the vehicle.
Note:
The DST feature is only meant to
help the driver realize the correct course
of action through small torques on the
steering wheel, which means the
effectiveness of the DST feature is highly
dependent on the driver’s sensitivity and
overall reaction to the applied torque.
It is very important to realize that this
feature will not steer the vehicle,
meaning the driver is still responsible for
steering the vehicle.
Active Torque Vectoring (ATV) System
The dynamic drive control is used to
optimize and balance the drive torque
between the wheels of the same axles.
The ATV system improves the grip in
turns, sending more drive torque to the
external wheel.
Given that, in a turn, the external wheels
of the car travel more than the internal
ones and therefore turn faster, sending a
higher thrust to the external rear wheel
allows for the car to be more stable and
to not suffer an "understeer" condition.
Understeer occurs when the vehicle is
turning less than appropriate for the
steering wheel position.
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SAFETY

INDEX
Accessories Purchased By TheOwner....................3
Active Aerodynamics ...........55
Active Safety Systems ..........90
Active Torque Vectoring (ATV) System ..................92
Adaptive Cruise Control .........151
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) (Cruise Control) ............151
Additives, Fuel ............. .240
AFS Function ................34
AirBag.................. .109
Air Bag Operation ...........110
Air Bag Warning Light ........108
Driver Knee Air Bag ..........111
Enhanced Accident
Response .............114,192
Event Data Recorder (EDR) .....192
Front Air Bag .............109
If Deployment Occurs ........114
Knee Impact Bolsters ........111
Maintaining Your Air Bag System. .117
Maintenance ............. .117
Redundant Air Bag Warning
Light ................. .109
Side Air Bags .............111
Transporting Pets ...........127
Air Bag Light .............108,128 Air Pressure
Tires .................. .216
Alarm (Security Alarm) ..........19
Alfa Active Suspension (AAS) .....146
Alfa DNA System .............143
Anti-Lock Braking (ABS) System ....90
Automatic Dimming Mirror ........31
Automatic Headlights ...........33
Automatic Temperature Control (ATC) ...................42
Automatic Transmission ........137
Auxiliary Driving Systems ........93
B-Pillar Location .............212
Battery .................. .200
Battery Recharging ...........201
Belts, Seat ................ .128
Blind Spot Monitoring ...........93
Bodywork (Cleaning And Maintenance) .............226
Brakes .................. .234
Brake Fluid Level ...........200
Brightness, Interior Lights ........38
Bulbs, Light ............... .129
Camera, Rear .............. .163
Carbon Fiber Active Aero Front Spoiler ..................55
Carbon Monoxide Warning .......127Cargo Tie-Downs
..............50
Certification Label ............166
Changing A Flat Tire ...........208
Chart, Tire Sizing .............209
Check Engine Light (Malfunction Indicator Light) .............86
Checking Levels .............198
Checking Your Vehicle For Safety . . .127
Checks, Safety ..............127
Child Restraint ..............117
Child

Restraints
Booster Seats .............120
Child Seat Installation ........125
How To Stow An unused ALR
Seat Belt ............... .124
Infants And Child Restraints . . . .119
LATCH Positions ...........121
Lower Anchors And Tethers For
Children ............... .121
Older Children And Child
Restraints .............. .119
Seating Positions ...........120
Using The Top Tether Anchorage . .126
Clean Air Gasoline ............239
Cleaning Wheels ................ .221
Climate Control ............40,43
Close The Hood ...............49
Compact Spare Tire ...........220
Contract, Service .............247

Courtesy Mirror Light(Bulb Replacement) ..........175
Cruise Control (Speed Control) .........149,151
Cupholder ..................55
Cupholders .................55
Customer Assistance ..........246
Daytime Running Lights ..........33
Daytime Running Lights (DRL) ......33
Defroster, Windshield ..........128
Dimensions ............... .237
Direction Indicators (Changing A Bulb) ...........174
Disabled Vehicle Towing .........190
Door Locks Child-Protection Door Lock —
Rear Doors ................24
Doors .....................20
Driving Modes ............. .143
Dynamic Steering Torque (DST) System ..................92
Electric Park Brake ............135
Electric Remote Mirrors .........31
Electric Steering Wheel Heating .....30
Electronic Speed Control (Cruise Control) .........149,151
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) System ..................90 Emergency Refuelling
..........188
Emergency, In Case Of ..........183
Hazard Warning Flasher .......172
Jacking ................ .208
Jump Starting ..........186,187
Overheating ............. .189
Tow Hooks .............. .191
Towing ................ .190
Emission Control System Maintenance ...............86
Engine .................. .231
Engine Coolant Level .........199
Exhaust Gas Caution .........127
Fuel Requirements ..........239
Jump Starting ..........186,187
Overheating .............
.189
Starting ............... .188
T

emperature Gauge ..........59
Engine Compartment ..........198
Engine Compartment (Washing) . . . .227
Engine Oil Level Check ............. .199
Engine Overheating ...........189
Enhanced Accident Response Feature ............. .114,192
Environmental Protection Systems . . .55
Ethanol .................. .239
Exhaust Gas Cautions ..........127
Exhaust System .............127 Exterior Lighting
............32,34
Exterior Lights ............32,129
External Lights ...............32
Flashers Hazard Warning ............172
Turn Signal ...............35
Turn Signals ..............129
Fluid Leaks ............... .129
Fluids And Lubricants ..........242
Forward Collision Warning ........95
Front Light Cluster With Main Beam Xenon Gas Discharge Headlights
(Bulb Replacement) ..........175
Front Mobile Spoiler (Alfa Active Aero) ...................55
Front Seat Electric Heating .......27
Front Seats (Power Seats) ........26
Front Wipers Wiper Operation ............39
Fuel Additives ............... .240
Clean Air ............... .239
Ethanol ................ .239
Gauge ..................59
Materials Added ...........240
Methanol ............... .239
Fuse Boxes ............... .179
Fuses (Replacement) ..........177
INDEX