manual transmission AUDI TT 2012 User Guide

Page 90 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 176Cleaningandprotection
~Oncethestainisnolongervisible,usea
softdryclothortissuetosoakupthemois­
ture.
DonotuseleathercleaningproductsonAl­
cantara.
Youmayuseasuitableshampooforremoving
dustanddirt.
Dust
andgritintheporesandseamscan
scratchanddamagethesurface.Ifthecaris
leftstandinginthesunforlong periods,the
Alcantarashouldbeprotectedagainstdirect
sunlighttopreventitfromfading.Slightcolor
variationswilldevelopinnormaluseandare
notanindicationofmaterialdeterioration.
CDNote
-NeverusechemicalsolventsCe.g.lighter
fluid,turpentinel,waxes,shoepolishor
similarproductsonAlcantara$surfaces.
-Toavoiddamage,havestubbornstains
removedbyacommercialcleaningspe­
cialist.
-
Donotusebrushes,stiffspongesorsim­
ilarly abrasivecleaningaids.
Safetybelts
Onlywell-maintainedsafetybelts workrelia­
bly when needed.
Heavily soiledsafetybeltsmaynotretract
properly.
~Keepbeltsclean.
~Forcleaning,useamildsoapandwatersol­
ution.Letbeltsdrythoroughlyandaway
fromdirectsunlight.
~Donotallowinertiareelsafetybeltstore­
tractbeforetheyarecompletelydry.
~Checktheconditionofyoursafetybeltsreg­
ular/y.
AWARNING
Damagedsafetybeltscanbreakinacrash.
1)Use onlythecorrect cleaning solutions. Neverusegas­
cline ordiesel fuel.
-Anythingthatmightdamageyoursafety
beltscouldmeanthatyouandyourpas­
sengerswouldnotbeadequatelypro­
tectedinanaccident.
-Safetybeltperformancedependson cor­
rectinstallation.Neverremovebelts
fromthevehicletocleanthem.
-Donotusechemicalcleaningagents,
bleachordyes. Theyhavecorrosive prop­
ertieswhichweakenthewebbing.
-Whencleaningyoursafetybelts,inspect
themfordamage.Ifyoudiscoverdam­
age,seeyourAudidealer.
-Always readandheedallWARNINGS and
theinformation~page167.
Enginecompartment•
Beespeciallycarefulwhencleaning theen­
gine compartment.
Alwaysswitchofftheignitionbeforeclean­
ing
theengine~A.
Plenumpanel
Remove leavesfromtheplenumpanelinfront
ofthewindshieldundertheenginehood.This
preventsthewaterdrainholesfrombecoming
blocked,
anditpreventsdebrisfromentering
thevehicleinteriorthroughtheheatingand
ventilationducts.
Corrosionprotection'--.
Theenginecompartmentandtransmission
havebeencorrosion-protectedatthefactory.
Good
anti-corrosiontreatmentisvery impor­
tant,particularlyinthewinter.Ifthevehicle
isfrequentlydriven onsalttreatedroads,the
entireenginecompartmentandplenumpanel
shouldbethoroughlycleanedattheendof
winterandretreatedtopreventsaltdamage.
Atthesametime,theundersideofthevehicle
shouldbewashedaswell.
Iftheenginecompartmentiscleanedatany
timewithgreaseremovingsolutionslJ
,orif~
yOuhavetheenginewashed,theanti-corro­
siontreatmentisalmostalwaysremovedas
well.Itisthereforeessentialtohave along­
lasting corrosion
protectionreappliedtoall
surfaces,
seams,jointsandcomponentsinthe
enginecompartment.
&WARNING
Beaware:Theenginecompartmentofany
motorvehicle isapotentiallyhazardous
area.
_Before workingintheenginecompart­
ment,besuretoreadtheinformation
~page176.
-Before reaching intothefrontplenum
panel,always removetheignition key.
Otherwise,thewindshieldwipersystem
couldunintentionallybeswitchedon,
possiblycausingpersonalinjuryfromthe
movingwiperlinkage.
- Never reachinto
theareaaroundor
touchtheradiatorfan.Theauxiliaryfan
istemperaturecontrolledandcanswitch
onsuddenly-evenwhentheignitionis
off.
-
Donotwash,waxordrytheenginewith
theenginerunning. Movingorhotparts
couldinjure you.
-Donotcleantheundersideofthechas­
sis,fenders,wheelcovers,orotherhard
toreachpartswithoutprotectingyour
handsandarms.Youmaycutyourselfon
sharp-edgedmetalparts.
-AlwaysreadandheedallWARNINGSand
otherinformation~page167.
Cleaningandprotection17j

Page 93 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 182Checkingandfilling
----
-
missionto"P"(Park);putmanual
transmissioninNeutral.
- Always
useextremecautiontoprevent
clothing, jewelry,orlong hairfromget­
tingcaughtintheradiatorfan,V-belts
or
othermovingparts,orfromcontact­
inghotparts.Tie back hairbefore
starting,andwearnoclothingthatwill
hangordroopintotheengine.
-Minimizeexposuretoemissionand
chemicalhazardsq,&.
.&.WARNING
California Proposition65Warning:
- Engine
exhaust,someofitsconstituents,
andcertainvehiclecomponentscontain
(Jremitchemicals knowntothe5tateof
Californiatocausecancerandbirthde­
fectsandreproductiveharm.Inaddition,
certainfluidscontainedinvehiclesand
certainproductsofcomponentwearcon­
tainoremitchemicalsknowntothe
5tateofCaliforniatocausecancerand
birthdefectsorotherreproductiveharm.
-Batteryposts,terminalsandrelatedac­
cessoriescontainleadandleadcom­
pounds,chemicalsknowntothe5tateof
Californiatocausecancerandreproduc­
tive
harms.Washhandsafterhandling.
«!»Forthesakeoftheenvironment
Todetectleaksintime,inspectthevehicle
floor pan
fromunderneathregularly.If
youseespotsfromoilorothervehicle flu­
ids, have your vehicle
inspectedbyanau­
thorizedAudidealer.
rCDNote
Whenaddingfluids, always makesurethat
theyarepouredintothepropercontainer
orfilleropening,otherwiseseriousdam­
agetovehiclesystemswilloccur.
_Applytheparking brake.
_Moveselectorleverofautomatictrans­
missionto"P"(Park);putmanualtrans­
missioninNeutral.
_Alwayslettheenginecooldown. Hot
componentswillburn skinoncontact.
_Toreducetheriskofbeingburned,never
openthehood ifyouseeorhearsteam
orcoolantescapingfromtheengine
compartment.Waituntilnosteamor
coolantcanbeseenor heardbeforecare­
fully
openingthehood.
- Keep children away
fromtheenginecom­
partment.
-Never spillfluids onhotenginecompo­
nents.Theycancauseafire.
-Nevertouchtheradiatorfan. Theauxili­
ary electric fan
istemperaturecontrolled
andcanswitch onsuddenly.
- Never
openthecoolantreservoir cap
when
theengineisstillwarm.The cool­
antsystemispressurizedandhotcool­
antcould sprayout.
-Protectyourface,handsandarmfrom
steamorhotenginecoolantbyplacing a
thick ragover
thecapwhenyouopenthe
coolantreservoir.
-Ifworkonthefuelsystemortheelectri­
cal
systemisnecessary:
- Always
disconnectthebattery.
- Neversmokeor worknearheatersor
openflames.Fluidsintheenginecom­
partmentcouldstartafire.
-Keepanapprovedfireextinguisherim­
mediatelyavailable.
-Toavoid electrical shockandpersonalin­
jury while
theengineisrunning orbeing
started,nevertouch:
-Ignitioncables
-Othercomponentsofthehighvoltage
electronic ignitionsystem.
-Ifyoumustperformacheckorrepair
with
theenginerunning:
-First, fullyapplytheparking brake,
move
selectorleverofautomatictrans-
AWARNING
A hood
thatisnotcompletelylatched
could flyupandblock yourview while driv­
ing.
-
Whenyou closetheenginehood, checkit
tomakesurethesafetycatchhasproper­
lyengaged.The hoodshouldbeflush
withthesurroundingvehicle bodyparts.
-
Ifyounotice whiledrivingthatthehood
is
notsecuredproperly,stopatonce and
closeit.
.&.WARNING
Hotenginecoolantcanburn you.
-
Toreducetheriskofbeingburned,never
openthehood ifyouseeorhearsteam
orcoolantescapingfromtheengine
compartment.Waituntilnosteamor
coolantcanbeseenorheardbeforecare­
fully
openingthehood.
.&.WARNING
Tohelp avoid injury,beforeyoucheck any­
thingunderthehood:
- 5witch
offtheengine.
- Removetheignition key.
Closingtheenginehood•
~Pullthehooddownuntilthepressurefrom
thestrutsisreduced.
~Letthehooddropdownandlatchinplace.
Donottrytopushitshut;itmay failtoen­
gageq.LÎ::l,..
Workingintheenginecompartmëii!f"-Beespecially carefulwhen8J(eryouworkin
theenginecomportment!
Wheneveryoumustperformanyworkinthe
enginecompartment,forexamplechecking
andfillingthedifferentfluids,thereisarisk
ofinjury,burnsandaccidents.Toprevent
personalinjuryalwaysobservethefollowing
WARNINGS. The
enginecompartmentofany
vehicleisahazardousarea!q.&
The enginehoodisreleosed frominsidethe
vehicle.
Releasingtheenginehood
Fig.139Driver's sidefootwell: enginehoodrelease
lever
Checkingandfilling
Enginehood
Openingtheenginehood
~Openthedriver's door.
~Pullthereleaseleverontheleftunderthe
instrumentpanelqfig.139inthedirection
ofthearrow.
Fig.140Release leverundertheengine hood
Thehoodpopsupslightlyunderspringpres­
sure.
Beforeopeningtheenginehood, makesure
thatthewindshield wipers areflatagainstthe
windshield.Otherwise,theycoulddamagethe
paintonthehood.
~Liftthehoodslightlyq.LÎ::l,..
~Pulluponthereleaseunderthehood
qfig.140.Thisreleasesthecatch.
~Openthehoodalltheway.

Page 101 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Tiresand\NheeLs
Tiresandwheels
Tires
Generalnotes
Tiresmaybethe[eastappreciated andmost
abusedpartsofamotorvehicle.
Tiresmaybetheleastappreciatedandmost
abusedpartsofamotorvehicle. Tiresare,
however,
oneofthemostimportantpartsofa
vehicle, particularly considering
thecompara­
tivelysmallpatchofrubberoneach tirethat
assuresthatall-importantcontactbetween
you,your vehicleandtheroad.
Maintaining
thecorrecttirepressure,ma king
surethatyour vehicleanditstiresdonothave
tocarrymoreweightthantheycansafely han­
dle, avoiding
damagefromroadhazardsand
regularly
inspectingtiresfordamageinclud­
ing cuts,
slashesirregularwearandoverall
condition
arethemostimportantthingsthat
you candotahelpavoidsuddentirefailure in­
cluding
treadseparationandblowouts.
Avoidingdamage
Ifyouhavetadrive overacurb orsimilarob­
stacle,drive veryslowlyandascloseaspossi­
ble
atarightangletathecurb.
Always keep
chemicalsincludinggrease,ail,
gasolineandbrakefluidoffthetires.
Inspectthetiresregularlyfordamage(cuts,
cracks or
blisters,etc.).Remove anyforeign
bodies
embeddedinthetreads.
Storingtires
Marktireswhenyou removethemtaindicate
thedirectionofrotation.Thisensuresyouto
beabletomountthemcorrectlywhenyoure­
install
them.
Whenremoved,thewheelsortiresshouldbe
storedina cool, dryandpreferablydarkplace.
Storetiresinavertical positioniftheyarenot
mountedonrims,inahorizontalposition if
theyaremountedonrims.
Newtires
NewtireshavetobebrokeninqlA.
Thetreaddepthofnewtiresmay vary, accord­
ing
tathetypeand makeoftireandthetread
pattern.
Hiddendamage
Damagetatiresandrimsisoftennotreadily
visible.
Ifyounoticeunusualvibration orthe
vehiclepullstaoneside,thismayindicate
thatoneofthetires hasbeendamaged.The
tiresmustbecheckedimmediatelybyanau­
thorizedAudidealerorqualified workshop.
Unidirectionaltires
Aunidirectional tirecanbeidentifiedbyar­
rows onthesidewall,thatpointinthedirec­
tion
thetireisdesignedtorotate.Youmust
followthespecified directionofrotation.This
isnecessarysothatthesetirescandevelop
theiroptimumcharacteristicsregarding grip,
road noise,
wearandhydroplaning resistance.
For
moreinformationqpage 229.
AWARNING
Newtiresortiresthatareold,worn or
damagedcannatprovidemaximumcon­
trolandbraking ability.
- New
tirestendtabe slipperyandmust
bebroken in.Toreducetheriskoflosing
control,acollisiona~seriouspersonal
injuries, drivewith
speci~careforthe
first350miles(s60km).
-Driving withwornordamagedtirescan
lead
talossofcontrol,suddentire fail­
ure, including a
blowoutandsuddende­
flation,crashesandseriouspersonalin­
juries.Havewornordamagedtiresre­
placed immediately.
- Tires
ageEveniftheyarenotbeing used
andcanfailsuddenly, especiallyathigh
speeds.Tiresthataremorethan6years
old can only
beused inanemergency
andthenwithspecialcareandatlow
speed.
_Nevermountusedtiresonyourvehicle if
you are
notsureoftheir"previous histo­
ry." Old
usedtiresmay havebeendam­
agedeventhoughthedamagecannotbe
seenthatcanleadtosuddentirefailure
andlossofvehiclecontrol.
Glossaryoftireandloadingterminology
Accessoryweight
meansthecombinedweight(inexcessof
thosestandarditemswhich maybereplaced)
of
automatictransmission,powersteering,
power brakes,powerwindows,powerseats,
radio,andheater,tatheextentthatthese
itemsareavailableasfactory-installedequip­
ment(whetherinstalledornot).
Aspectratio
meanstheratiooftheheighttothewidthof
thetireinpercent.Numbersof55orlowerin­
dicate alowsidewallforimprovedsteeringre­
sponse
andbetteroverallhandlingon dry
pavement.
Bead means
thepartofthetirethatismadeof
steel wires,wrappedorreinforcedbyplycards
andthatisshapedtafittherim.
Bead
separation
means abreakdownofthebondbetween
componentsinthebead.
Cord
means
thestrandsformingthepliesinthetire.
Cold
tireinflationpressure
meansthetirepressurerecommendedbythe
vehiclemanufacturerfor atireofadesignated
sizethathasnotbeendrivenformorethana
COupleofmiles (kilometers)atlowspeedsin
thethreehourperiodbeforethetirepressure
ismeasuredoradjusted.
Tiresand\NheeLs
-Ifyounoticeunusualvibration orifthe
vehiclepullstaonesidewhendriving, al­
ways
stopas soonasitissafetadosa
andcheckthewheelsandtiresfordam­
age.
Curbweight
meanstheweightofamotorvehicle with
standardequipmentincludingthemaximum
capacityoffuel,oil,andcoolant,aircondi­
tioning
andadditionalweightofoptional
equipment.
Extraloadtire
mea~sa tiredesignedtaoperateathigher
loadsandathigher inflationpressuresthan
thecorrespondingstandardtire.Extra load
tiresmaybeidentified as"XL","xl","EXTRA
LOAD",or"RF"onthesidewall.
GrossAxleWeightRating(uGAWRU
)
meanstheload-carrying capacityofasingle
axlesystem,measuredatthetire-groundin­
terfaces.
GrossVehicleWeightRating(uGVWR")
meansthemaximumtotalloadedweightof
thevehicle.
Groove
meansthespacebetweentwoadjacenttread
ribs.
Loadrating(code)
meansthemaximumloadthatatireisrated
tacarryfora given inflation pressure.You
maynotfindthisinformationonall tires be­
causeitisnotrequiredbylaw.
Maximumloadrating
meanstheloadrating foratireatthemaxi­
mumpermissibleinflationpressureforthat
tire.

Page 113 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 222Whatdo1donow?
------
Whatdo1donow?223
-
Preliminarysteps
Fig.163TireMobility Systemunderluggagecompart­mentRoor
@Forthesakeoftheenvironment
Usedsealantbottlescanbedroppedoffat
arecycling facility.
~Ifyouhave aflattire,parkthevehicleasfar
aspossiblefrommovingtraffie.
~Applytheparkingbrakefirmly.
~Shiftintolstgearonvehicleswithmanual
transmission,ormovetheselectorleverta
thePpositiononveh icleswithautomatic
transmission.
~CheckwhetherarepairusingtheTire Mobi­
litYSystemispossiblec;.page222,General
andsafetypointers.
~Have allpassengersleavethevehicleand
stayawayfromthedangerzonec;.&'
~Takethesealantbottleandtheelectricair
pumpframtheluggagecompartmentun­
derthefloorc;.fig.163.
CDNote
Donotusecommerciallyavailabletire
sealants.Theelectricalcomponentsofthe
tirepressuremonitoringsystemwillno
longerworkproperly.
IDTips
-Ifsealanthasrunout,allowittodry.
Then youcan
peelitoff.
- Have
thetiresealantreplacedevery 4
yearsatadealership.
Somepreliminarystepsorenecessary fortire
repair.
Appliestovehicles: withTireMobility System
8.WARNING
Thetiresealantmustnotcomeintocon­
tactwithskin,eyesorclothing.
-Ifyougetanytiresealantinyoureyesor
comeintocontactwithit,rinsetheaf­
fectedareathoroughlywithcleanwater.
Find aphysicianimmediately!
-Changeanyclothingcontaminatedwith
tiresealantimmediately.
-Donotinhalethevapor!
-Ifyouhaveswallowedtiresealant,rinse
yourmouththoroughlyrightawayand
drinkplentyofwater.
-Donotinducevomiting!Find aphysi­
cian
immediately!
-Ifyou have allergicreactions,finda
physician
immediately.
-Keepthetiresealantawayfromchildren.
~WARNING
Takethefollowingprecautionsafterre­
pairing
thetire:
_Donotdrivefasterthan50mph(80km/
hl!
_Avoidfull-throttleacceleration,heavy
braking
andfastcornering.
_Thevehicle'sroadbehaviorcanbeaffect­
ed.
_TiressealedwithTMSareintendedonly
fortemporary,short-termuse.
_ After usingthetiresealantthetirepres­
suremonitoringsystemmaynolonger
workpraperly.Drivecarefullytothenext
professionalrepairfacility.
-
TMSmustNOTbeused,
-forcutsorpuncturesinthetirewhich
arelargerthan0.16inch(4mm)
-fordamagetotherim
-ifyouhavebeendrivingwithverylow
tirepressuresortireswithno air
-5eekprafessionalassistanceifitisnot
possibletorepairthetirewiththetire
sealant.
Fig.162Tiredamagefor whichtheTire MobilitySys­temisnotsuited
Your vehicleisequippedwithatirerepairkit,
theTireMobilitySystem(TMS)*.
In
theeventofatirefailure,theTMSisinthe
luggagecompartmentunderthefloor.ltcon­
sistsofthetiresealantandanelectricair
pump.
UsingTMS,tiredamagecausedby foreign
bodiesuptoabout0.16inch(4mm)indiam­
etercanbesealedreliably
The
foreignobjectcanstayinthetire.
Thetiresealantmustnotbeused:
Tirerepair isintendedonLyfortemporary,
short-termuse.
-Neverusethehexagonalsocketinthe
handleofthescrewdrivertoloosenor
tightenthewheelbolts.
Tirerepair
Generalandsafetypointers•
Appliestovehicles: withTireMobility System
UsingtheTMSisdescribedinthesection
c;.page223,Preliminarysteps.
TMScanbeusedattemperaturesdownto
- 4oF(-20oC).
-forcutsorpuncturesinthetirewhichare
largerthan0.16inch(4mm)c;.fig.162@
-fordamagetotherim@
-ifyou havebeendrivingwithvery lowtire
pressuresortireswithnoair@)
Whatdo1donow?
VehicLetoolkit
Theonboardtoolkitincludes:
.&.WARNING-=--Using abumperjacktoraisethevehicle
will
damagethebumpersystem.The
jackmay slip,causinginjury.
-Neversupportyourvehicleoncinder
blocks, bricksorotherÇlbjects.These
maynotbeabletosupporttheloadand
couldcauseinjurywhentheyfail.
-Neverstartorruntheenginewhilethe
vehicleissupportedbythejack.
-
Ifyoumustworkunderthevehicle, al­
ways
usesafetystandsspecificallyde­
signedforthispurpose.
Thetoots arestoredunderneaththefLoor
panetinthetuggagecompartment.
Fig.161Luggagecompartment:vehicle toolkit
~Swingtheluggagecompartmentfloorup­
wards.
~Removethevehicletoolkit.
- Hook
forremovi ngwheelcovers*
-Plastic cliptoremovewheelboltcovers*
-Wheelboltwrench
-Alignmentpinforchangingwheels
-Screwdriverwithreversibleblade
-Replacementbit(reversible Torxbitfor
changinglamps)
-Openendedwrench10x13
-Towing eye
Note:
someoftheonboarditemslistedabove
areprovidedoncertainmodelsonlyorareop­
tionalextras.

Page 115 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 226Whatdo1donO\N?.--------------------------------------
~Extendthejackundertheliftingpointon
thedoorsilluntil itsarmispositioneddi­
rectlyundertheliftingpoint9A.
~Alignthejack50thatitsarm@~fig.170
engagesinthedesignatedliftingpointin
thedoorsillandthemovable base®lies
flatontheground.Thebase®mustbever­
tical
undertheliftingpoint@.
~Windthejack upfurtheruntiltheflattire
comesofftheground~A.
AWARNING
-Vouoryourpassengerscould beinjured
while changing a
wheelifyoudonotfol­
lowsafetyprecautions:
- Positioning
thejackunderthevehicle
atanyotherplacethanthoseindicated
above may
damagethevehicle ormay
resultinpersonalinjuries.
- A
softorunstablesurfaceunderthe
jack maycausethevehicletoslipoff
thejack. Always provide afirm basefor
thejackontheground.Ifnecessary,
use a
sturdyboardunderthejack.
-
Onhard, slipperysurface{suchastiles}
use a
rubbermatorsimilartoprevent
thejack from slipping.
-
Tohelppreventinjurytoyourself and
your
passengers:
-Donotraisethevehicle untilyouare
surethejackissecurelyengaged.
-Passengersmustnotremainintheve-
hicle when itisjacked up.~
Thejackmustbeinstalledonlyattheplaces
indicated
~fig.169.Thereisexactlyoneloca­
tionfor each wheel. Thejackmustnotbe
positioned
atanyotherlocation~&..
Anunstablesurfaceunderthejack cancause
thevehicletoslipoffthejack. Always provide
a firm basefor
thejackontheground.Ifnec­
essaryplace asturdyboard orsimilarsupport
underthejack.Onhard,slipperysurfaces
(suchastiles) usearubbermatorsimilarto
preventthejackfromslipping~&..
Fig.170Close-up: properpositioningofjack
iTips
_Nevertryandusethehexagonalsocket
inthehandleofthescrewdrivertoloos­
en
ortightenthewheelbolts.
_If awheelboltsitsverytight,you may
find it
easiertoloosenbycarefully push­
ing down
ontheendofthewheelbolt
wrench withonefootonly.Asyoudo,
hold
ontothecartokeepyourselfstable
andtakecarenottoslip.
Fig.169Changing awheel: mounting pointsforthejack
Raisingthevehicle
•Applytheparkingbrakefirmlytoprevent
yourvehicle fromrolling unintentionally.
•Shiftintolstgearonvehicles withmanual
transmission,ormovetheselectorleverto
thePpositiononvehicles withautomatie
transmission.
•Positionthejackbelowthedoorsillunder
themountingpointthatisc10sesttothe
wheeltobechanged~fig.169.
Thevehiclemustbeliftedwiththejockfirst
before
thewheel canberemoved.
The
wheel
boltsmustbeloosenedbeforerois­
ingthevehicle.
Looseningandtighteningthewhee.!abolts•
Fig.168Wheel change: looseningthewheelbolts
Refitting
~Placethecapsoverthewheelbolts and
pushthembackin.
The
capsaretheretoprotectand keepthe
wheelboltsc1ean.
4.WARNING
-Using forcewithoutcontroltospeedthe
wheelchangeupcancausethevehicle to
slip off
thejack andcauseserious per­
sonalinjuries.
-Donotloosenthewheelboltsmorethon
oneturnbeforeyouraisethevehicle with~thejack.-Riskofinjury!
Loosening
~FitthewheelboItwrenchoverthewheel
boltandpushitdownasfarasitwill go.
~Closeyourgrip aroundtheendofthe
wrenchhandleformaximumtorqueand
turnthewheelbolts counter-c1ockwise
aboutonesingleturninthedirectionofar­
row~fig.168.
Tightening'-
~FitthewheelboItwrenchoverthewheel
boItandpushitdownasfarasitwill go.
~Close yourg·riparoundtheendofthe
wrenchhandleformaximum·torqueand
turneachwheelboltc10ckwise untilitsits
tight.
Fig.166Wheel change: removingthewheelcover
Wheelswithcap-coveredwheelboltsAppliestovehicles: withcap-covered wheelbolts
Fig.
167Wheel change: removingthewheelboltcaps
Removing
~Insertthehookprovided withtheonboard
toolkitintothehole onthecenterhub
piece.
~Pull offthedecorativewheelcoyer
~fig.166.
DecorativewheelcoversApplies tavehides: withdecorativewheel(avers
Thedecorative wheelcaversmustberemoved
firsttooccessthewheel bolts.
The caps
mustberemovedfirst fromthe
wheelboltsbeforetheboltscanbeun­
screwed.
Removing
~Pushtheplasticclipprovided withtheon­
boardtoolkitdown overthewheelboltcap
until it
engages.
~Pullontheproperlyengagedplasticclipto
extractthecap~fig.167.

Page 118 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Foryoursafety, werecommendthatyou have
your authorized Audidealer replace burned
outbulbsforyau.
Fusesandbulbs2:
-Ifyoumustreplacethelight bulbs your­
self, always
rememberthattheengine
compartmentofanyvehicleisahazard­
ousareatowork in.Always readand
heed
aUWARNINGSqpage176,Engine
compartmentqA.
-Itisbesttoaskyourauthorized Audi
dealerwheneveryouneedtochangea
bulb.
-
Changing Xenon
lampsrequiresthespe-
cialtraining, instructions andequip-
ment.
-Only anauthorizedAudidealerorother
qualifiedworkshopshouldchangethe
bulbsingasdischargelamps.
&..WARNING
There are
partswithsharpedgesonthe
openingsandonthebulb holdersthatcan
causeserious cuts.
-
Ifyouareuncertainaboutwhattodo,
havetheworkperformedbyanauthor-
. ized Audidealerorotherqualified work-
shop. Serious
personalinjurymayresult
from improperlyperformedwork.
[ijjTips1
10
Amps
5
No.Equipment
11Feed(brake pedal)
Activated charcoal
filter/charge12pressurecontrolvalve
Replacinglightbulbs
Foryour safety, werecommendthatyouhave
your
authorizedAudidealerreplace anybulbs
for you, since your
dealerhasthepropertools,
thecorrectbulbs andtheexpertise.
Gasdischargelamps(Xenon lights)*:
Duetothehighelectricalvoltage,havethe
bulbs replacedbyaqualified technician.
Headlights withXenon lightcanbeidentified
bythehigh voltage sticker.
AWARNING
Contact withhigh-voltage
componentsof
theelectricalsystemandimproperre­
placementofgasdischarge (Xenon)head­
light
bulbscancauseseriouspersonalin­
jury anddeath.
-Xenon bulbsarepressurized andcanex·
plode
whenbeingchanged.
BuLbs
Itisbecoming increasinglymoreandmore
difficulttoreplacevehiclelightbulbs sincein
manycases,otherpartsofthecarmustfirst
beremoved beforeyouareabletogettothe
bulb. Thisapplies especiaUytothelightbulbs
inthefrontofyourcarwhich youcanonly
reach
throughtheenginecompartment.
Sheetmetaland bulb holders canhavesharp
edgesthatcancauseserious cuts,andparts
mustbecorrectlytakenapartandthenprop­
erly
putbacktogethertohelppreventbreak­
age
ofpartsand longtermdamagefrom wa­
terthatcanenterhousingsthathavenotbeen
properly resealed.
No.
EquipmentAmps
Fuseholder(black)
1 Not used
2 Not used
3 Not used
4 Not used
Anti-theft warning
system(sen-
Ssor),anti-theftwarningsystem5
(horn)
6
Headlampwashersystem30
Electricfuelpumps(supply),
7 volume
controlvalve/Interrelais15/10
(5-cyl.)
8 Windshield
wipers
30
9Heatedseats(driver
andpas-25senger)
10Lumbarsupport(driver and10passenger)
11Notused
12Ventilation blower40
Fuseholder(brown)
Notused'"-Electricfuelpump(s'cyl.)30
Notused
Relay coilrelay
volumecontrol
5valve
(4-cyl.}/02sensors(5-5/10
cyl.)
6
02sensors10
7 Positioning
valvespre-wired en-10gineharness
8Ignition
coils20
9Engine
(control unit)25
10Waterpumpdelayed-off10~
NotethatthefoUowingtableisaccurateat
thetimeofgoingtapressandissubjectta
change.
Someoftheequipmentitemslistedare op­
tionaloronly available oncertainmodelcon­
fig urations.
Fuselocation,leftsideofenginecompartment
232Fusesandbulbs
No.EquipmentAmps
24Transmission (controlunit)15
25HeaterrearwindowCoupe/30/20heatedrearwindow Roadster
26Driver'ssidepowerwindow30
27Passenger'ssidepower window30
28Notused
29Washerpump15
30Cigarettelighter20
31Starter40
32Steeringcolumnmodule5
33Instrumentcluster5
34Radionavigationsystem,radio20/1S
35Audio amplifier30
36
Engine (control unit)10
37CAN(Gateway)
5
38Cigarettelighter20
39Notused
40Not used
41Notused
42Notused
43Not used
44Notused
45Notused
46Notused
47SDARstuner, ceUphonepack-Sage,TVtuner
48VDAinterface5
49Notused
Fig.176Illustrationoffuse holder onleft sideofen­
ginecompartment:fuses (without fusecaver)

Page 119 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 4.ConnectoneendoftheredjumpercabLe
onthejumpstartbolt(Dqfig.178
(Boltsunderredcaver="positive")ofthe
vehicletobestarted@.
S.Connecttheotherendoftheredjumper
cabLetathepositiveterminal@ofthe
boosterbattery@.
6.Connectoneendoftheblackjumperca­
ble
tothenegativeterminaL@ofthe
boosterbattery@.
7. Connecttheotherendoftheblackjumper
cabletathenegativeterminal(boIt head)
@intheexternalstartingpoint@of
yourvehicle.
8.Routethejumpercables50thattheycan­
natcatchinanyrotatingpartsintheen­
gine
compartment.
Startingtheengine
9.Starttheengineofthevehicle providing
assistanceandallowittarunatidle.
la.Nowstarttheengineofthevehicle with
thedischargedbattery,waitfortwoto
threeminutesuntiltheengine"runs"
smoothly.
11.Iftheenginedoesnotstart:Stoptrying
afterlasecondsandthentryagainafter
about30seconds.
12.Inthevehiclethathasreceivedstartas­
sistance,turnontheheaterblowerand
therearwindowheatingtoeliminateany
voltagepeakswhendisconnecting.Driv­
inglightsmustbeswitchedoff!
13.Disconnectthecablewhiletheengineis
running exactly
inreverseordertothat
describedinqpage235,Connecting/dis­
connecting
thejumpercable ..Whendo­
ing sa,make
surethatthecablecannot
contactrotatingengineparts.
14.Closethecoveronthepositiveterminal.
Ernergencysituations
Thebatteryisventedtatheoutsidetaprevent
gasesfromenteringthevehicle interior. Make
surethatthejumperclampsarewellconnect­
edwiththeirmetalpartsinfull contactwith
thebatteryterminaIs.~
Connecting/disconnectingthejumpercable.
Fig.177Engine compartment:Connectars forjumpercablesandcharger
Fig.178lumpstarting withthebatteryofanotherve­
hicle:®discharged vehiclebattery.®boosterbattery
iTips
Thedischargedbatterymustbeproperly
connectedtathevehicle's eLectrical sys­
tem.
Preparatorymeasures
1.Donotjumpstartafrozenbattery!Re­
placesuch abattery!
2.
Otherwiseapplythehandbrakeandshift
into idlegearifyour vehiclehasmanual
transmission,andputtheseLector lever
into Pposition
ifyourvehiclehasauto­
matietransmission.
3. Forbathvehicles switchoffalLconsumers
andtheignition.
The
proceduredescribedbelowforconnecting
jumpercabLesisintendedtoprovide
ajump
startforyourvehicle.
Makesuretoconnect thejumpercable
clamps
inexactly theorder described below!
Useofjumpercables
- Adischargedbatterycanalreadyfreeze
attemperaturesjustbelow32oF(0OC).
Beforeconnectingajumpercable,the
frozenbatterymustbethawedcom­
pletely,otherwiseitcould explode.
-Donotallowbatteryacidtocontacteyes
orskin.Flush anycontactedareawith
waterimmediately.
-Improperuseofaboosterbatteryto
startavehicle maycauseanexplosion.
-Vehiclebatteriesgenerateexplosive gas­
es. Keep sparks,
flameandlighted ciga­
rettesawayfrombatteries.
-Donottrytojumpstartanyvehicle with
a low acid level
inthebattery.
- The
voltageoftheboosterbatterymust
also have a12-Volt rating.Thecapacity
(Ah)oftheboosterbatteryshouldnotbe
Lowerthanthatofthedischargedbat­
tery. Use
ofbatteriesofdifferentvoltage
orsubstantialLydifferent"Ah"rating
may
causeanexplosionandpersonalin­
jury.
-Neverchargeafrozenbattery. Gastrap­
pedintheicemaycauseanexplosion.
-Neverchargeoruseabatterythathas
beenfrozen. Thebatterycasemayhave
beweakened.
-Useofbatteriesofdifferentvoltageor
substantiallydifferentcapacity(Ah)rat­
ing may
causeanexpLosionandinjury.
The capacity
(Ah)'of1:heboosterbattery
shouldnotbelowerthànthatofthedis­
chargedbattery.
-Before youcheckanythingintheengine
compartment,always readandheedaIL
WARNINGSqpage176,Enginecom­
partment.
CDNotel
- Applying ahighervoltageboosterbat­
terywillcauseexpensivedamagetasen­
sitive eLectronic com
ponents,suchas
controlunits, relays, radio,etc.
-Theremustbenoelectricalcontactbe­
tweenthevehiclesasotherwisecurrent
couldalreadystarttoflowassoonasthe
positive(+)terminaIsareconnected.~
Ifnecessary,theengine canbestartedby
connecting
ittothebatteryofanother vehi­
cleo
Startingwithjumper
cables
CDNote
Vehicleswithanautomatictransmission
cannotbestartedbypushingortowing.
Iftheengineshouldfailtostartbecauseofa
dischargedorweakbattery,thebatterycanbe
connectedtothebatteryofanothervehicle,
using a
pairofjumpercablestostarttheen­
gine.
Startingbypushingor
towing
Thischapterisintendedfortrainedemer­
gencycrewsandworkingpersonnelwho
havethenecessarytoolsandequipmentto
performtheseoperations.
AWARNING
Batteriescontainelectricity, acid,andgas.
Anyofthesecancauseveryseriousorfatal
injury.Followtheinstructionsbelowfor
safehandlingofyourvehicle'sbattery.
-Alwaysshieldyoureyesandavoid lean­
ing
overthebatterywheneverpossibLe.
plus(+)cableinmostcasescolored red
minus(-)cableinmostcasescoloredblack.
Emergencysituations
General
Useonlyjumpercableswhich haveinsulated
terminalclampsandareproperlymarkedfor
distinction:
]umpercables
Useonlyjumpercablesofsufficiently
largecrosssectiontosafelycarrythestarter
current.Refertothemanufacturer'sspecifica­
tions.
234Ernergencysituations

Page 120 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 236Emergencysituations
AWARNING
Toavoidseriouspersonalinjuryanddam­
agetothevehicle,heedallwarningsand
instructionsofthejumpercablemanufac­
turer.Ifindoubt,callforroadservice.
-
]umpercablesmustbelongenough50
thatthevehiclesdonottouch.
-Whenconnectingjumpercables,make
surethattheycannotgetcaughtinany
moving
partsintheenginecompart­
ment.
-Before youcheckanythingintheengine
compartment,always readandheedall
WARNINGS
qpage176,Enginecom­
partment.
CDNote1
Improperhook-upofjumpercablescan ru­
inthegenerator.
-AlwaysconnectPOSITIVE(+)toPOSI­
TIVE(+),andNEGATIVE(-)toNEGATIVE
(-)groundpostofthebatterymanager
controlunit.
- Check
thatallscrewplugs onthebattery
cellsarescrewedinfirmly.Ifnot,tighten
plugs priortoconnectingclamponnega­
tivebatteryterminal.
-Pleasenotethattheprocedureforcon­
necting a
jumpercableasdescribed
above appUes specifically
tothecaseof
yourvehiclebeingjumpstarted.When
youaregivingajumpstarttoanotherve­
hicle,
donotconnectthenegative(-)ca­
ble
tothenegative(-)terminalonthe
dischargedbattery@.Instead,securely
connectthenegative(-)cabletoeithera
soUd
metalcomponentthatisfirmly
boltedtotheengineblockortotheen­
gine block itself.
Ifthebatterythatisbe­
ing
chargeddoesnotventtotheoutside,
escapingbatterygascould igniteandex­
plode!
Emergencytowing
withcommerciaLtow
truck
Generalhints•
Your Audi requires specialhandling fortow­
ing.
The followinginformationistobeusedby
commercialtowtruckoperatorswho know
how
tooperatetheirequipmentsafely.
- Never
towyourAudi,towingwillcause
damagetotheengineandtransmission.
-Neverwrapthesafetychainsorwinchca­
blesaroundthebrakeUnes.
-
Topreventunnecessarydamage,yourAudi
mustbetransportedwitha carcarrier
(flatbedtruck).
-Toloadthevehicleontotheflatbed,use
thetowingloopfoundinthevehicletools
andattachtothefrontorrearanchorage
qpage237andqpage238.
AWARNING
A vehicle beingtowedisnotsafeforpas­
sengers.Neverallowanyonetorideina
vehicle being
towed,for,anyreason.
Fronttowingloop(VersionA)
Donotinstallthefronttowing loopuntilitis
needed.
Fig.179Front bumper: removing thegrill
Fig.180Frontbumper: screwing inthetowingloop
The towline eyefitsintothethreadedholelo­
catedontherightsideofthefrontbumper
behindthegrill.
~Removethescrewdriverandtowingloop
fromthevehicletoolkitqpage222.
~Insertthescrewdriverintotheslotas
shownandpresstowardthecenterofthe
vehicleqfig.179.Atthesametime,pull
thegrillforwardandout.
~Screwthetowing looptightlyintothe
threadedhaleasfarasitwillgoqfig.180.
When itisnolongerneeded,unscrewthe
towline eyeandputitbackintotheon-board
toolkit. Makesuretohavethetowlineeye
storedinthevehicleatalltimes.
Wheninstallingthegrillfortheairduct,be
Surethatthetabsonthegrillarefirstinsert­
ed into
theirguidesonthevehicle. Thenpush
thegrillinto position.
Emergencysituations23~
AWARNING
Ifthetowing loopisnotscrewedinasfar
asitwill go,thethreadcanpulloutwhen
thevehicleistowed-potentialriskofan
accident.
Fronttowingloap(VersionB)
Donotinstallthefront towing loopuntilitis
needed.
Fig.181Rightfrontsection: removing theairintakegrille
Fig.182Rightfrontsectionwithplastic cover
Athreadedopeningwithleft-handthreadsis
locatedatthefrontrightofthebumperbe­
hind
theairintakegrille. Thetowing loopis
installedinthisopening.
~Removethescrewdriverandthetowing
loop
framthevehicletoolkitqpage222.
~Reachthraughtheair intake grille,gripthe
horizontalfinsandpullitforwardtore­
move.
~Usethescrewdrivertoprytheplastic coyer
offqfig.182.
~Installthetowing loopinthethreaded
openingandtightenituntilitstops
qpage237,fig.180.~

Page 121 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Emergencysituations
Removethetowingloopwhen youaredone
using itand place itbackinthevehicletool
kit. Always keepthetowing loopinthevehi­
cle.
When installing
theairintake grille,insertthe
tabsonthegrilleinthemountsonthevehicle
first. Then press
thegrilleintosecure it.
AWARNING
Ifthetowingloapisnottighteneduntilit
stopswhen installing,thethreadsmaybe
pulled
outwhen towingthevehicleand
thatcouldcauseanaccident.
Reartowingloop
Donotinsto/l therear towing{oopunti{itis
needed.
Fig.183Right rearsection
Fig.
184Rear bumper: screwing inthe towing loop
Ontherightsideundertherearbumperthere
isathreadedholeforthetowing loop.The
threadedholeispratectedbyacoyer.
~Removethetowing loopfromthevehicle
toolkit
Qpage222.
~Presstherightsideofthecoyer inward
forcefully
toremove itframthebumper.
Qfig.183.
~Screwthetowinglooptightly intothe
threadedholeasfarasitwill go.
When it
isnolongerneeded,unscrewthe
towing loopandputitback intothevehicle
toolkit.
Besuretohavethetowing loopstored
inthevehicleatalltimes.
AWARNING
Ifthetowing loopisnotscrewedinasfar
asitwill go,thethreadcanpulloutwhen
thevehicleistowed-potentialriskofan
accident.
Loadingthevehicleanteaflatbedtruc~
Fig.185Vehicle onflatbedtruck
Fronthookup
~Alignthevehicle withthecenterlineofthe
carcarrier ramp.
~Attachthewinchhooktothefronttowline
eye previously installed.
"--Rearhookup
~Alignthevehiclewiththecenterlineofthe
carcarrier ramp.
~Attachthewinchhooktothereartowline
eye previously installed.
(DTips
Checkcarefullytomakesurethehook-up
issecure beforemovingthecaruptheflat­
bed truck ramp.
LiftingvehicLe
Liftingwithworkshophoistandwith
floorjack
Thevehiclemayonlybeliftedatthelifting
points i/lustrated.
Fig.186Rearliftingpoint(rightside)
Fig.
187Frontliftingpoint(rightside)
~ReadandheedWARNINGQ&'
~Locate liftingpointsQfig.186Qfig.187.
~Adjust liftingarmsofworkshop hoistor
floorjacktomatchvehicle liftingpoints.
~Insertarubber padbetweenthefloorjack!
workshop hoistand
thelifting points.
Ifyoumustliftyourvehiclewithafloorjack
toworkunderneath,besurethevehicle is
safelysupportedonstandsintendedforthis
purpose.
Frontliftingpoint
Thelifting pointislocated onthefloorpanre­
inforcementaboutatthesamelevel asthe
jackmounting pointQfig.187.Donotlift
thevehicleattheverticalsillreinforcement.
Rearliftingpoint
Thelifting pointislocated onthevertical rein­
forcementofthelowersillfortheonboard
jack
Qfig.186.
Emergencysituations2::
Liftingwithvehiclejack
RefertoQpoge227.
AWARNING
-
Toreducetheriskofseriousinjury and
vehicle
damage.
- Always liftthevehicleonlyatthespe­
cialworkshophoistand floor jacklift
points illustrated
Qfig.186and
Qfig·187.
-Failuretoliftthevehicleatthese
points couldcausethevehicletotiltor
fall from alift
ifthereisachangeinve­
hicle
weightdistribution andbalance.
This
mighthappen,for example, when
heavy
componentssuch astheengine
block or
transmissionareremoved.
- When removing heavy
componentslike
these,anchorvehicletohoistoraddcor­
respondingweightstomaintainthecen­
terofgravity. Otherwise,thevehicle
mighttiltorslip offthehoist, causing
serious personal
injury.
CDNote
-Beawareofthefollowing pointsbefore
lifting
thevehicle:
- The vehicle
shouldneverbeliftedor
jackedupfromunderneaththeengine
oilpan,thetransmissionhousing,the
frontorrearaxleorthebodyside
members.This could leadtoserious
damage.
-Toavoiddamagetotheunderbodyor
chassisframe,arubberpadmustbe
insertedbetweenthefloorjackand
theliftpoints.
-Before driving overaworkshophoist,
checkthatthevehicleweightdoesnot
exceedthepermissiblelifting capacity
ofthehoist.
- Before driving overa
workshophoist,
ensurethatthereissufficientclear­
ancebetweenthehoistandlowparts
ofthevehicle.

Page 122 of 132

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 240Generalinformation
GeneraLinformation
ExpLanationof
technicaLdata
50meofthetechnicoldatalistedinthisman­
ualrequire furtherexplanation.
Thetecicaldataforyourvehiclearelistedin
thechartsstartingonQpage242.This chap­
terprovidesgeneralinformation,notesand
restrictions whichapplytothesedata.
VehicLeidentification
Thekeydataaregiven onthevehicle identifi­
cation
number(VIN)plateandthevehicle da­
ta sticker.
Fig.188Vehicle Identification Number(VlN)plate:lo­
cation ondriver·s sidedash panel
Fig.
189The vehicle identificationlabel-insidetheluggagecompartment
TheVehicLeIdentificationNumber(VlN)
islocated onthedriver's side50thatitisvisi­
ble
fromtheoutsidethroughthewindshield ­
seeQfig.188.
ThevehicLeidentificationlabel
islocatedintheluggagecompartmentinthe
sparewheelwell. The
labelQfig.189showsthefollowing
vehi­
cle
data:
CDProductioncontrolNo.
oVehicle identificationNo.
®Typecodenumber
@Typedesignation/engineoutputinKilo-
watts
®Engineandtransmissioncodeletter
®PaintNo./lnterior
CDOptionalequipmentNo.'s
Vehicle
data2to7 arealsofoundinyour War­
ranty
&Maintenancebooklet.
Thesafetycompliancesticker
isyourassurancethatyour newvehicle com­
plies withallapplicable FederalMotorVehicle
SafetyStandardswhichwereineffectatthe
timethevehiclewasmanufactured.Voucan
find
thissticker ontheleftdoorjamb.It
showsthemonthandyearofproduction and
thevehicleidentificationnumberofyourvehi­
cle
(perforation)aswell astheGross Vehicle
WeightRating(GVWR)andtheGross Axle
WeightRating(GAWR).
Thehighvoltagewarninglabel
islocatedonthelockcarrier.
ThesparkignitionsystemcomplieswiththeCanadianstandardICES-002.
Weights
GrossVehicLeWeightRating
TheGross VehicleWeightRating(GVWR),and
theGross AxleWeightRating(GAWR)for
frontandreararelisted onasticker onthe
leftdoorjamb.
TheGross VehicleWeightRating includesthe
weightofthebasicvehicle plusfullfueltank,
oil
andcoolant,plusmaximumload, whichin­
cludespassengerweight(150lbs/58kgper
designatedseatingposition) andluggage
weight.~
GrossAxleWeightRating
TheGross AxleWeightRatingisthemaximum
loadthatcanbeappliedateachaxleofthe
vehicleQ&..
VehicLecapacityweight
The vehicle capacityweight(max.load)islist­
ed
eitheronthedriver's sideB-pillarorinside
thefuelfiller flap.
Roofweight
Themaximumpermissibleroofweightis165
lb(75kg).Theroofweightismadeupofthe
weightoftheroof racksystemandtheweight
oftheobjectbeingtransportedQpage65,
Laadingtheroofrack.
AWARNING
-TheactualGross AxleWeightRatingat
thefrontandrearaxlesshouldnotex­
ceed
thepermissibleweights,andtheir
combinationmustnotexceedtheGross
Vehicle
WeightRating.
-Exceedingpermissibleweightratingscan
resultinvehicledamage,accidentsand
personalinjury.
CDNote
- The vehicle capacityweightfiguresapply
whentheloadisdistributedevenlyinthe
vehicle(passengersandluggage).When
transportingaheavy loadintheluggage
compartment,carrytheloadasnearto
therearaxleaspossible50thatthevehi­
cle's handling
isnotimpaired.
-Donotexceedthemaximumpermissible
axleloadsorthemaximumgrossvehicle
weight. Always
rememberthatthevehi­
cle's handling will
beaffectedbytheex­
traload.Therefore,adjustyourspeedac­
cordingly.
-Alwaysobservelocalregulations.
Dimensions
The specifications refertothebasicmodel.
Differencesmayoccurdependingonthemod-
Generalinformation2.
eltypeandoptionsordered,forexample,tire
sizes.
CDNote
Whendriving upsteepramps,onrough
roads, overcurbs,
etc.itisimportanttore­
memberthatsomepartsofyourvehicle,
such
asspoilersorexhaustsystemcompo­
nents,maybeclosetotheground.Be
carefulnottodamagethem.

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