check engine light CADILLAC CT4 2023 User Guide

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/10/22
Driving and Operating 291
Both systems come on
automatically when the vehicle
is started and begins to move.
The systems may be heard or
felt while they are operating
or while performing diagnostic
checks. This is normal and
does not mean there is a
problem with the vehicle.
It is recommended to leave
both systems on for normal
driving conditions, but It may
be necessary to turn TCS off
if the vehicle gets stuck in
sand, mud, ice, or snow. See If
the Vehicle Is Stuck0255 and
“Turning the Systems Off and
On” later in this section.
The indicator light for both
systems is in the instrument
cluster. This light will:
.Flash when TCS is limiting
wheel spin.
.Flash when StabiliTrak/ESC
is activated.
.Turn on and stay on when
either system is not working.
If either system fails to turn on
or to activate, a message may
display in the Driver
Information Center (DIC), and
dcomes on and stays on to
indicate that the system is
inactive and is not assisting
the driver in maintaining
control. The vehicle is safe to
drive, but driving should be
adjusted accordingly.
If
dcomes on and stays on:
1. Stop the vehicle.
2. Turn the engine off and wait 15 seconds.
3. Start the engine.
Drive the vehicle. if
dcomes
on and stays on, the vehicle
may need more time to
diagnose the problem. If the
condition persists, see your
dealer.
Turning the Systems Off
and On
Caution
Do not repeatedly brake or
accelerate heavily when TCS
is off. The vehicle driveline
could be damaged.
To turn off only TCS, press
and release
g. The traction off
light
idisplays in the
instrument cluster. A DIC
message may display.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/10/22
366 Driving and Operating
Trailer Brakes
Loaded trailers over 450 kg
(1,000 lb) must be equipped
with brake systems and with
brakes for each axle. Trailer
braking equipment conforming
to Canadian Standards
Association (CSA) requirement
CAN3-D313, or its equivalent,
is recommended.
State or local regulations may
require trailers to have their
own braking system if the
loaded weight of the trailer
exceeds certain minimums
that can vary from state to
state. Read and follow the
instructions for the trailer
brakes so they are installed,
adjusted, and maintained
properly. Never attempt to tap
into your vehicle's hydraulic
brake system. If you do, both
the vehicle anti-lock brakes
and the trailer brakes may not
function, which could result in
a crash.
Trailer Lamps
Always check all trailer lamps
are working at the beginning
of each trip, and periodically
on longer trips.
Turn Signals When
Towing a Trailer
When properly connected, the
trailer turn signals will
illuminate to indicate the
vehicle is turning, changing
lanes, or stopping. When
towing a trailer, the arrows on
the instrument cluster will
illuminate even if the trailer is
not properly connected or the
bulbs are burned out.
Conversions and
Add-Ons
Add-On Electrical
Equipment
{Warning
The Data Link Connector
(DLC) is used for vehicle
service and Emission
Inspection/Maintenance
testing. See Malfunction
Indicator Lamp (Check
Engine Light)0118. A device
connected to the DLC —
such as an aftermarket fleet
or driver-behavior tracking
device —may interfere with
vehicle systems. This could
affect vehicle operation and
cause a crash. Such devices
may also access information
stored in the vehicle’s
systems.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/4/22
368 Vehicle Care
Vehicle Care
General Information
General Information . . . . . . 369
California PerchlorateMaterials
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Vehicle Checks
Doing Your OwnService Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Engine Compartment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Engine Oil Life System . . . 381
Automatic Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Manual Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Hydraulic Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Engine Air Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Engine Air Cleaner/ Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Engine Overheating . . . . . . . 391 Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Brake Pad Life System (If
Equipped) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Battery - North
America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check . . . . . . . 400
Wiper Blade Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Windshield Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Headlamp Aiming
Front Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Bulb Replacement
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . 403
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
High Intensity Discharge(HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
LED Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Front Turn Signal Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Electrical System
Electrical SystemOverload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Engine Compartment
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Wheels and Tires
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Winter Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Self-Sealing Tires . . . . . . . . . . 415
Low-Profile Tires . . . . . . . . . . 416
Summer Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Tire Sidewall Labeling . . . . 417
Tire Designations . . . . . . . . . . 418
Tire Terminology andDefinitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Tire Pressure for High-Speed
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Tire Pressure Monitor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/4/22
398 Vehicle Care
Brake Fluid
The brake/clutch master
cylinder reservoir is filled with
GM approved DOT 4 brake
fluid as indicated on the
reservoir cap. See Engine
Compartment Overview0373
for the location of the
reservoir.
Checking Brake Fluid
Place the vehicle in P (Park) or
Neutral with the parking brake
applied if equipped with a
manual transmission. On a
level surface, the brake fluid
level should be between the
minimum and maximum marks
on the brake fluid reservoir. There are only two reasons
why the brake fluid level in the
reservoir may go down:
.Normal brake lining wear.
When new linings are
installed, the fluid level goes
back up.
.A fluid leak in the brake/
clutch hydraulic system.
Have the brake/clutch
hydraulic system fixed. With
a leak, the brakes will not
work well.
Always clean the brake fluid
reservoir cap and the area
around the cap before
removing it.
Do not top off the brake/
clutch fluid. Adding fluid does
not correct a leak. If fluid is
added when the linings are
worn, there will be too much
fluid when new brake linings
are installed. Add or remove
fluid, as necessary, only when
work is done on the brake/
clutch hydraulic system.
{Warning
If too much brake fluid is
added, it can spill on the
engine and burn, if the
engine is hot enough. You or
others could be burned, and
the vehicle could be
damaged. Add brake fluid
only when work is done on
the brake/clutch hydraulic
system.
When the brake/clutch fluid
falls to a low level, the brake
warning light comes on. See
Brake System Warning Light
0 120.
Brake fluid absorbs water over
time which degrades the
effectiveness of the brake
fluid. Replace brake fluid at the
specified intervals to prevent
increased stopping distance.
See Maintenance Schedule
0 469.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/4/22
458 Vehicle Care
Do not use any of the
following items on lamp
covers:
.Abrasive or caustic agents.
.Washer fluids and other
cleaning agents in higher
concentrations than
suggested by the
manufacturer.
.Solvents, alcohols, fuels,
or other harsh cleaners.
.Ice scrapers or other hard
items.
.Aftermarket appearance
caps or covers while the
lamps are illuminated, due to
excessive heat generated.
Caution
Failure to clean lamps
properly can cause damage
to the lamp cover that would
not be covered by the
vehicle warranty.
Caution
Using wax on low gloss black
finish stripes can increase
the gloss level and create a
non-uniform finish. Clean low
gloss stripes with soap and
water only.
Air Intakes
Clear debris from the air
intakes between the hood and
windshield when washing the
vehicle.
Shutter System
The vehicle may have a
shutter system designed to
help improve fuel economy.
Always keep the shutter
system clear of debris, snow
and ice. If the check engine
light is activated, please check
to see if the shutter system is
clear of debris, snow or ice.
Windshield and Wiper
Blades
Clean the outside of the
windshield with glass cleaner.
Clean rubber wiper blades
using a lint-free cloth or paper
towel soaked with windshield
washer fluid or a mild
detergent. Wash the
windshield thoroughly when
cleaning the blades. Bugs,
road grime, sap, and a buildup
of vehicle wash/wax
treatments may cause wiper
streaking.
Replace the wiper blades if
they are worn or damaged.
Damage can be caused by

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/4/22
Service and Maintenance 473
Exterior Lights
.Visual inspection
Windshield and Wipers
.Visual inspection
Battery
.Battery visual inspection
.Battery test results
.Battery cables and
connections
Systems, Fluids, and
Visible Leak Inspection
.Engine oil
.Transmission
.Drive axle
.Transfer case
.Engine cooling system
.Power steering, if equipped
.Fuel system
.Windshield washer fluid
Tire Inspection
.Tire pressure, tread depth,
and wear
.Rotation, if applicable
.Alignment check, optional
.Reset tire pressure monitor
.Check tire sealant expiration
date, if equipped
.Check spare tire, if equipped
Brakes
.Check brake system
Visible and Functional
Inspections
.Seat belt components
.Exhaust system
.Accelerator pedal
.Passenger compartment air
filter, if equipped
.Engine air filter
.Hoses
.Belts
.Shocks and struts
.Steering components
.Axle boots or driveshaft and
u-joints
.Compartment lift struts,
if equipped
.Floor mats secured, no
interference with pedals
.Horn
.Ignition lock, if equipped
.Starter switch
.Evaporative control system
Lubricate
.Chassis components
Special Application
Services
.Severe Commercial Use
Vehicles Only: Lubricate
chassis components every
oil change.
.Have underbody flushing
service performed. See
"Underbody Maintenance" in
Exterior Care 0455.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/10/22
INDEX 509
IndexA
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . .267
Active Rev Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Adaptive Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Additional OnStar Information . . . . . . . . 501
Adjustments Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . 40
Thigh Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Agreements Trademarks andLicense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Air
Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . 384
Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . 383
Filter, PassengerCompartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Airbag System (cont'd)
How Does an Airbag
Restrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
What Will You See after an Airbag
Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Airbags Adding Equipment to
the Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Passenger Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Replacing System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . 72
Servicing Airbag-Equipped
Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Alarm
Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/10/22
INDEX 511
Bulb Replacement (cont'd)High Intensity
Discharge (HID)
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
C
Calibration Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
California Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
California Proposition 65 Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 447
Camera Rear Vision (RVC) . . . . . . . . . 335
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . 2
Capacities and
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Cargo Management System . . . . . . 96
Tie-Downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Center Console
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Check Engine Light
(Malfunction Indicator) . . . . .118
Child Restraints Infants and YoungChildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children . . . . . . 80
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 90
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Child Safety Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Cleaning Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Climate Control Systems Dual Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Cluster, Instrument . . . 106, 108
Clutch, Hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Collision Damage Repair . . . 491 Compartments
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Competitive Driving Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Composite Materials . . . . . . . 260
Compressor Kit, Tire Sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Connected Services Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Connections Connected Services . . . . . . 507
Control Traction and
Electronic Stability . . . . . . 290
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . 235
Controls Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Convex Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Coolant
EngineTemperature
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 115
Engine Temperature Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/10/22
INDEX 513
Driving (cont'd)Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . 237
Track Events and
Competitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . 255
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Dual Automatic ClimateControl System . . . . . . . . . . . 225
E
ElectricBrake Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Parking Brake Light . . . . . . . . 121
Electrical Equipment, Add-On . . . . . . . 366
System Overload . . . . . . . . . . 404
Electrical System Engine Compartment
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Instrument Panel
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Electrical System (cont'd)
Rear Compartment
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Emergency OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . 384
Air Filter Life System . . . . . 383
Check Light
(Malfunction
Indicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Compartment
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Coolant Temperature
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 115
Coolant Temperature Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . 482
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Oil Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . 127
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Running While Parked . . . . 272
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . 365
Event Data Recorders . . . . . 497
Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Extended Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Extender, Seat Belt . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Exterior
Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Lamps Off Reminder . . . . . . 147
Lighting Battery Saver . . . 153
F
FilterEngine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . 384
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Fluid Automatic
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Forward Collision Alert (FCA)System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-16500442) -
2023 - CRC - 5/10/22
INDEX 515
HeatedMirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Ventilated Front Seats . . . . 45
Heater Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . 128
High-Speed Operation . . . . . 423
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . 289
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Hydraulic Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
I
If the System Needs Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Indicator Pedestrian Ahead . . . . . . . . . . 123
Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Indicators
Warning Lights and
Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Infants and Young Children, Restraints . . . . . . . . . 74
Information Publication Ordering . . . . . 494
Infotainment Using the System . . . . . . . . . . 158
Infotainment System . . . . . . . 498
Inspection Multi-Point Vehicle . . . . . . . . . 472
Instrument Cluster . . . . 106, 108
Instrument Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . 31
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 155
J
Jump Starting - North
America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
K
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Remote Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . 417
LampsCornering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Daytime Running (DRL) . . . 147
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Exterior Lamps OffReminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Front Turn Signal . . . . . . . . . . 404
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Malfunction Indicator (Check Engine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Lane Change Alert (LCA) . . . . . . . 349
Keep Assist (LKA) . . . . . . . . . . 351
Keep Assist Light . . . . . . . . . . 122
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
LATCH System Replacing Parts after aCrash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87