LAMBORGHINI MURCIÉLAGO 2009 Service Repair Manual
Page 1151 of 1173
18
L824 10 91 14
Fig.19
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
6 W D U W L Q J D W W H P S W V ) L J
Displays the number of successful or failed engine starts compared to the water temperature for each cylinder bank.
Page 1152 of 1173
19
L824 10 91 14
Fig.20
A
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
( U U R U V
The display on the screen (Fig.20) summarises the errors in the system.
Errors may include:
& R Q ¿ U P H G H U U R U V $ F R Q ¿ U P H G H U U R U L Q G L F D W L Q J H [ K D X V W S U R E O H P V
Pending errors An error that crops up during the running cycle but does not regard exhaust problems. If the
same error crops up during the subsequent trip, the engine control pilot lamp lights up and the
H U U R U L V G L U H F W O \ D V V L J Q H G W R ³ & R Q ¿ U P H G H U U R U V ´ + R Z H Y H U L I W K H V \ V W H P Q R O R Q J H U U H D G V W K H H U U R U
it remains in the “Pending errors” memory for the subsequent 80 cycles; it is then automatically reset.
, I H U U R U V D U H U H V H W W K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H D X W R P D W L F D O O \ U H V H W
• ³ & R Q ¿ U P H G H U U R U V ´
• ³ 3 H Q G L Q J H U U R U V ´
• O L I W L Q J V \ V W H P H U U R U V F R X Q W H U V D U H U H V H W
The presence of any errors is highlighted in the bottom line of the LDAS32 program.
If there are diagnosis problems, the system offers assistance with the “HELP” key ( A-Fig.20). This opens an
Acrobat Reader window containing a list of all of the error codes, possible problems and relative remedies.
Page 1153 of 1173
20
L824 10 91 14
Fig.21
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
9 H U V L R Q
The display (Fig.21) supplies information regarding the type of map, version, year of manufacture and series number
of the two LIEs, the GFA and the PMC.
Page 1154 of 1173
21
L824 10 91 14
Fig.22
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
& R P P D Q G V
Thanks to the pull-down menu (Fig.22), it is possible to reset LDAS errors as well as electronic errors caused by the
air intakes and the spoiler.
Functions
Reset diagnostic data
Air intakes and stabilizer commands
VIS/VVT commands
Lifting system commands
Program
Notes for each pull-down menu screen are supplied for properly interpreting its data.
Page 1155 of 1173
22
L824 10 91 14
) L J
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
5 H V H W G L D J Q R V W L F G D W D
The display ( ) L J ) shows the outcome of the automatic error reset.
If the outcome is positive, the error display is empty.
7 K L V I X Q F W L R Q D X W R P D W L F D O O \ U H V H W V ³ & R Q ¿ U P H G 3 H Q G L Q J H U U R U V ´ D Q G / L I W L Q J V \ V W H P G L D J Q R V L V H U U R U V % H I R U H U H V H W W L Q J V W R U H D O O W K H S D U D P H W H U V W R D Y R L G O R V L Q J D O O W K H G D W D
Page 1156 of 1173
L824 10 91 14
Fig.24
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
$ L U L Q W D N H V D Q G V W D E L O L ] H U F R P P D Q G V
Thanks to the display (Fig.24), it is possible to manually open/close moveable devices (air intakes and spoiler) even
individually. During movement, the motor input currents are displayed in bits. The open, stop and close buttons
become active after connection with the control unit.
The correct input value of the motors is approx. 60÷80 bits. If this value is exceeded, a thermal cut-out is triggered to avoid damage to the motors in case there are any hindrances preventing the spoiler or air intakes from functioning
correctly.
Page 1157 of 1173
24
L824 10 91 14
Fig.25
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
9 , 6 9 9 7 F R P P D Q G V
Thanks to the display (Fig.25), it is possible top manually manage the intake manifold valves, the phase transformers
and the engine cooling fans. The references indicated below regard the inputs to each individual control unit.
/ , ( R X W S X W V Z L W K U H O D W L Y H S L O R W V
MF105-Pin58: Air pump relay activation
MF108-Pin61: Relay energizing right fan activation / , ( R X W S X W V Z L W K U H O D W L Y H S L O R W V MF101-Pin
54: Activation of the exhaust ECS system solenoid valve (EU only) – silencer noise control
MF102-Pin55: Activation of the solenoid valve for the Plenum VIS system – upper part
MF103-Pin56: Activation of the solenoid valve for the Bypass VIS system – lower part
MF108-Pin61: Relay energizing left fan activation
Page 1158 of 1173
25
L824 10 91 14
) L J
A
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
2 % ' + ( / 3
“OBD HELP” ( $ ) L J ) opens an Acrobat Reader document containing a list of all of the error codes, possible
problems and relative remedies.
7 K H G R F X P H Q W F R Q W D L Q L Q J W K H H U U R U F R G H V S U R Y L G H V D G L D J Q R V L V W U H H 6 L P S O \ F O L F N R Q D F R G H W R G L V S O D \
W K H S U R E O H P V D Q G U H P H G L H V U H O D W H G W R W K D W F R G H 5 H W X U Q W R W K H O L V W R I D O O R I W K H F R G H V E \ F O L F N L Q J R Q ³ 5 H W X U Q W R V W D U W S D J H ´ D W W K H E R W W R P R I H D F K S D J H
Page 1159 of 1173
1
LP640 79 75 05
Fig.1
B
A
Fig.2
F
C
D
Fig.3
E
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
, Q V W D O O D W L R Q 5 H D U 9 L H Z & D P H U D N L W
3 U R Y L G H W K H 9 , 1 R I W K H F D U R Q Z K L F K W K H U H D U Y L H Z F D P H U D Z L O O E H L Q V W D O O H G L I Q R W V X S S O L H G Z K H Q ordered). ) R U V D I H W \ U H D V R Q R Q W K H F D U V 0 < ¶ Z L W K D 9 , 1 Q X P E H U O R Z H U W K D Q W K H R U L J L Q D O
P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P K D V W R E H F K D Q J H G W R ¿ W W K H U H D U Y L H Z F D P H U D 7 K H R U L J L Q D O P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P
has to be returned to the Automobili Lamborghini Spare-Parts department. , Q W K H V S H F L ¿ F D F F H V V R U \
N L W I R U W K H V H F D U V D Q H Z P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P L V L Q F O X G H G
2 S H U D ] L R Q L S U H O L P L Q D U L
‡ 8 Q S O X J Z L W K R X W U H P R Y H L W W K H Y H K L F O H ¶ V E D W W H U \ .
‡ ' L V D V V H P E O H W K H D L U F R Q G L W L R Q H U J U L O O H .
' L V D V V H P E O H W K H P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P
‡ ± U H I H U H Q F H % .
' L V D V V H P E O H W K H G D V K E R D U G F R Y H U N R P E L
‡ ± U H I H U H Q F H ( .
' L V D V V H P E O H W K H
‡ V W H H U L Q J Z K H H O F R Y H U ± U H I H U H Q F H $
' L V D V V H P E O H W K H U
‡ H D U F H Q W U D O J U L G ± U H I H U H Q F H $ .
3 R V L W L R Q L Q J R I W K H F D P H U D ¶ V F R Q W U R O X Q L W F D P H U D ( & 8
, Q W K H R S H Q L Q J Z K H U H W K H G D V K E R D U G F R Y H U Z D V S O D F H G O R F D W H W K H W Z R E X V K H V
A-Fig.1 W K D W D U H ¿ [ H G R Q W K H
O D W H U D O V L G H R I W K H Y H U W L F D O E H D P B-Fig.1 R I W K H F K D V V L V
8 V L Q J W K H E X V K H V O R F D W H G Z L W K W K H S U H Y L R X V R S H U D W L R Q D Q G W K H W Z R V F U H Z V V X S S O L H G Z L W K W K H N L W
D-Fig.2 ¿ [ W K H
F D P H U D ( & 8 C-Fig.2 R Q W K H Y H U W L F D O E H D P R I W K H F K D V V L V
/ R F D W H W K H I U H H E U R Z Q F R Q Q H F W R U
E-Fig.3 W K D W L V S U H V H Q W X Q G H U W K H V W H H U L Q J Z K H H O F R Y H U E H K L Q G W K H F R Q Q H F W R U
R I W K H L J Q L W L R Q N H \ .
$ V V K R Z Q L Q W K H S L F W X U H E H V L G H
F-Fig.2 F R Q Q H F W W K H E U R Z Q F R Q Q H F W R U E-Fig.3 W K D W Z D V O R F D W H G Z L W K W K H
S U H Y L R X V R S H U D W L R Q W R W K H F D P H U D ( & 8
Page 1160 of 1173
2
LP640 79 75 05
Fig.4
Fig.5
H
G
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
/ R F D W H W K H Y L G H R F R Q Q H F W R U
G-Fig.4 W K D W L V S U H V H Q W E H K L Q G W K H P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P L W L V D E O D F N M D F N Z L W K D
\ H O O R Z U L Q J E H W Z H H Q W K H S O D V W L F S D U W D Q G W K H P H W D O R Q H
& R Q Q H F W W K H Y L G H R F R Q Q H F W R U
G-Fig.4 W R W K H P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P D W K H Y L G H R M D F N K D V W R E H F R Q Q H F W W R W K H \ H O O R Z
F R Q Q H F W R U H-Fig.5 W K D W L V P D U N H G E \ D O D E H O Z L W K W K H V L J Q ³ U H D U Y L H Z F D P H U D ´
2 Q W K H F D U V 0 < ¶ Z L W K D 9 , 1 Q X P E H U O R Z H U W K D Q W K H R U L J L Q D O P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P K D V W R E H F K D Q J H G
D Q G U H W X U Q H G W R W K H I D F W R U \ 7 K H V S H F L ¿ F D F F H V V R U \ N L W I R U W K H V H F D U V F R Q W D L Q D Q H Z P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P
‡ $ V V H P E O H W K H D L U F R Q G L W L R Q H U J U L O O H .
$ V V H P E O H W K H P X O W L P H G L D V \ V W H P
‡ ± U H I H U H Q F H % .
$ V V H P E O H W K H G D V K E R D U G F R Y H U N R P E L
‡ ± U H I H U H Q F H ( .
$ V V H P E O H W K H
‡ V W H H U L Q J Z K H H O F R Y H U ± U H I H U H Q F H $