engine LAMBORGHINI MURCIÉLAGO 2009 Service Manual PDF
Page 273 of 1173
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® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
CircuitForced circulation with thermostatic control
Radiators Two with fan
Fans • on 80 °C
• off 74 °C
Circuit pressure with hot engine (max.) 1.2 [bars]
Thermostatic valve • Opening start 75 r 2 °C
CAUTION!
% H I R U H F D U U \ L Q J R X W D Q \ Z R U N R Q W K H Z D W H U F R R O L Q J V \ V W H P Z D L W I R U W K H V \ V W H P W R F R P S O H W H O \ F R R O G R Z Q G D Q J H U R I E X U Q V G X H W R E R L O L Q J À X L G V
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80-90mm
Fig.1
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
: D W H U F R R O L Q J F L U F X L W F K H F N & $ 8 7 , 2 1
% H I R U H F D U U \ L Q J R X W D Q \ Z R U N R Q W K H Z D W H U F R R O L Q J V \ V W H P Z D L W I R U W K H V \ V W H P W R F R P S O H W H O \ F R R O G R Z Q G D Q J H U R I E X U Q V G X H W R E R L O L Q J À X L G V
1. Unscrew radiator expansion tank plug.
2. Make sure that the engine coolant level matches the mark visible through the plug. If necessary, top up with the
prescribed coolant.
3. Tighten radiator expansion tank plug.
& R R O D Q W
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® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
Replacing the engine coolant
& $ 8 7 , 2 1
% H I R U H F D U U \ L Q J R X W D Q \ Z R U N R Q W K H Z D W H U F R R O L Q J V \ V W H P Z D L W I R U W K H V \ V W H P W R F R P S O H W H O \ F R R O G R Z Q G D Q J H U R I E X U Q V G X H W R E R L O L Q J À X L G V
1. Place a container under the vehicle in order to collect all the engine coolant.
2. Open the radiator expansion tank plug.
3. Disconnect water pump inlet and outlet hoses and allow the coolant to drain out.
4. Unscrew the taps placed under the radiators and accessible when the rear aprons are removed in order to
empty the rear radiators.
5. Connect all the removed parts, close the open taps; top up with the prescribed coolant through the radiator
expansion tank plug.
& R R O D Q W 6. Start the engine and run it at idle speed for some minutes leaving the radiator expansion tank plug open;
stop the engine and check the coolant level through the radiator expansion tank plug; top up with coolant if
necessary.
7. Then tighten the radiator expansion tank plug.
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Fig.2
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
Fuel pump
The two fuel pumps are supplied by a relay controlled by LIE control unit. For safety reasons the pump relevant to
cylinder bank 1-6 is controlled by LIE control unit of cylinder bank 7-12 and vice versa. They are roller type positive displacement pumps with permanent magnet energizing.
, Q V L G H W K H S X P S W K H U H L V D S U H V V X U H U H O L H I Y D O Y H W K D W V K R U W V W K H L Q W D N H Z L W K W K H G H O L Y H U \ L I W K H S U H V V X U H H [ F H H G V bars.
7 K H S X P S L V D O V R H T X L S S H G Z L W K D F K H F N Y D O Y H W K D W I R U D F H U W D L Q S H U L R G R I W L P H F D Q K R O G W K H V \ V W H P X Q G H U S U H V V X U H
with the pump at a standstill. This valve is especially important since by holding the system pressure it prevents fuel vapor from forming (vapor-lock) that causes damage when starting up with a warm engine.
7 K H L Q W D N H S L S H R I H D F K S X P S L V H T X L S S H G Z L W K D S U R W H F W L R Q S U H ¿ O W H U L Q V L G H W K H W D Q N
Fuel Filter
7 K H ¿ O W H U L V ¿ W W H G D O R Q J W K H I X H O G H O L Y H U \ S L S H G R Z Q V W U H D P R I W K H S X P S
It consists of an aluminum foil wrapping and an internal polyurethane support around which is wound a powerful
¿ O W H U L Q J H O H P H Q W
The arrow indicates the assembly direction (Fig.2).
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Fig.1
A
B
C
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
) X H O V X S S O \ V \ V W H P S U H V V X U H F K H F N •
Disassemble the engine hood support pistons (082703).
• Position the block for supporting the hood (082703).
• Remove the silencer safety grid (025103).
• Disassemble the right side carbon bulkhead (081303).
• Remove the two clamps that secure the air pipes to the engine.
• ' L V D V V H P E O H W K H ¿ O W H U F R Y H U
• Loosen the radiator expansion tank.
1. Connect to the measurement instrumentation ( A-Fig.1) by inserting the latter between the fuel pump ( B-Fig.1)
and the coupling ( C-Fig.1).
The pressure must be measured while the engine is at idle speed.
7 K H Y D O X H R Q W K H P H D V X U H P H Q W L Q V W U X P H Q W D W L R Q P X V W E H E H W Z H H Q D Q G E D U
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Fig.4
C
Fig.3
B
A
'
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
% ) L O W H U D Q G 0 ( ' Y D O Y H G L V D V V H P E O \ 3 U H O L P L Q D U \ R S H U D W L R Q V •Disassemble the engine hood support pistons (082703).
• Position the block for supporting the hood (082703).
• Remove the silencer safety grid (025103).
• Disassemble the right side carbon bulkhead (081303).
• Remove the two clamps that secure the air pipes to the engine.
• ' L V D V V H P E O H W K H ¿ O W H U F R Y H U
• Loosen the radiator expansion tank.
) L O W H U D Q G 0 ( ' Y D O Y H G L V D V V H P E O \
1. 8 Q V F U H Z W K H W Z R V F U H Z V W K D W V H F X U H W K H E U D F N H W W K D W O R F N V W K H ¿ O W H U V L Q S O D F H A-Fig.3).
2. ) U H H W K H ¿ O W H U I U R P W K H S L S H B-Fig.4) to which it is connected.
3. ) U H H W K H ¿ O W H U I U R P W K H 0 ( ' Y D O Y H C-Fig.4).
7 R I U H H W K H ¿ O W H U I U R P W K H 0 ( ' Y D O Y H D K D P P H U D Q G F K L V H O P X V W E H X V H G R Q W K H S U R Y L G H G V F U H Z '
Fig.4).
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) L J
A
Fig.4
C
'
B
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
% ¿ O W H U D Q G 0 ( ' Y D O Y H D V V H P E O \
1.
6 H F X U H W K H ¿ O W H U W R W K H 0 ( ' Y D O Y H $ ) L J
6 H F X U H W K H ¿ O W H U W R W K H 0 ( ' Y D O Y H X V L Q J W K H S U R Y L G H G V F U H Z % ) L J
2. 6 H F X U H W K H ¿ O W H U W R W K H S L S H & ) L J
7 L J K W H Q W K H W Z R V F U H Z V W K D W V H F X U H W K H E U D F N H W W K D W O R F N V W K H ¿ O W H U V L Q S O D F H ' ) L J
• $ W W D F K W K H U D G L D W R U H [ S D Q V L R Q W D Q N
• $ V V H P E O H W K H ¿ O W H U F R Y H U
• 6 H F X U H W K H D L U S L S H V W R W K H H Q J L Q H X V L Q J W K H W Z R F O D P S V
• Assemble the right side carbon bulkhead
• Assemble the silencer safety grid (025105)
• Assemble the engine hood support pistons (082705)
• Remove the block for supporting the hood (082705)
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L824 01 28 002
( Q J L Q H F R Q W U R O V \ V W H P I X Q F W L R Q O D \ R X W
1. Front relay/fuse box
2. Engine speed and TDC sensor
3.
Intake manifold solenoid valves andsecondary
air valves
4. Single ignition coil
5. Fuel vapor pressure sensor
6. throttle bodies
7. Fuel Pump
8. Exhaust gas pressure sensors
9. TMAP
10. Cylinder bank 1-6 catalyst upstream oxygen
sensor
(linear)
11. Air vent regulating actuators
12. Vacuum system tanks
13. Cylinder bank 1-6 catalytic converter
14.
Cylinder bank 1-6 catalyst downstream oxygen sensor
15. ENCS solenoid valve
16. Right radiator fan
17. Cylinder bank 1-6 valve timing solenoid valve
18. Spoiler actuators
19. Cylinder bank 1-6 fuel pressure regulator
20. Cylinder bank 1-6 post catalyst (USA)
21. ENCS valve 22. Cylinder bank 7-12 post catalyst (USA)
23. Cylinder bank 7-12 fuel pressure regulator
24. Cylinder bank 7-12 valve timing solenoid valve
25. Left radiator fan
26. Cylinder bank 7-12 catalyst upstream oxygen
sensor
27. Cylinder bank 7-12 catalytic converter
28. Cylinder bank 7-12 catalyst downstream oxygen
sensor
(linear)
29. Battery
30.
Cylinder bank 1-6 camshaft seat position
sensor
31. Canister
32.
Cylinder bank 7-12 camshaft seat position
sensor
33. Engine control unit (ECU)
34. Front relay/fuse box
35. Instrument board
36. GFA control unit
37. PCM control unit
38. Ignition switch
39. Conditioning system ECU
40. Cylinder bank 7-12 injectors 41. Oil pressure sensor
42. Knock sensors
43. Throttle position sensor
44. Engine oil tank
45. Oil temperature sensor
46. E-gear oil tank
47. MED ECU
48. MED valves
49. Arrows and taillights diagnosis ECU
50. ETB ECU
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® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
2 S H U D W L Q J 3 U L Q F L S O H
Any operating point of the engine is found by two parameters: • Rotation Speed;
• Engine Load.
Having found these parameters through relevant processing, it is possible to calculate and obtain the injection (delivered fuel amount and relevant timing in relation to bursting TDC), the ignition (correct spark advance) and any
other function for each engine operating point.
The rotation speed is measured directly through the relevant sensor.
The engine load is determined indirectly trough a “density” parameter (representing the engine load) according to
the absolute pressure in the intake manifold and the intake air temperature.
The engine load is continuously detected from the LIEs and elaborated according to the user’s requirements (accelerator pedal): through the & $ 1line the / , ( Vsend the signal to the ETBs that control the throttle bodies
allowing the air in the intake manifold to reach a determined density (engine load).
: K H Q W H V W L Q J W K H H Q J L Q H ± D Q G D I W H U Z D U G V W K H F D U ± V S H F L ¿ F P D S V D U H S U H S D U H G L Q Z K L F K I R U D F H U W D L Q Q X P E H U R I
speed-load parameter pairs, the time/ injection timing values and ignition spark advance required for correct engine
operation are stored.
These injection time values are further corrected according to the signal coming from the oxygen sensor that, based R Q F H U W D L Q R S H U D W L R Q V W U D W H J L H V G H W H U P L Q H V D F R Q W L Q X R X V À X F W X D W L R Q R I W K H P L [ W X U H V W U H Q J W K D U R X Q G D W D U J H W Y D O X H
7 K H V \ V W H P L V W K H U H I R U H G H ¿ Q H G D V ³ V S H H G G H Q V L W \ O D P E G D ´ W \ S H V L Q F H W K H L Q M H F W L R Q W L P H L V I X Q G D P H Q W D O O \ G H W H U P L Q H G
by these three parameters.
All operation situations that require special adaptation of the calculated time/injection timing values, spark advance
and throttle bodies position are managed by the engine control unit, correcting the calculated base values through
suitable strategies according to the signals coming from the system sensors.
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Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
Injection System
The aim of the injection management strategies is to supply the engine with the correct amount of fuel at the required
moment according to the engine operating conditions.
The injection management is essentially the calculation of the injection time, the determination of the injection timingand the subsequent actuation through the injector control.
The “basic” injection time is calculated by a mathematical interpolation of the speed-load map: The values contained
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7 K H ³ ¿ Q D O ´ L Q M H F W L R Q W L P H L V R E W D L Q H G E \ D F D O F X O D W L R Q D O J R U L W K P L Q Z K L F K W K H ³ E D V L F ´ W L P H L V F R U U H F W H G E \ F R H I ¿ F L H Q W V
that take into account the different engine operating conditions both at sea level and at altitude, which are indicated by the various sensors installed in the system.
0 L [ W 0 L [ W X U X U X U H H 6 6 W U W U W U H Q J W K H Q J W K & K H F N F K H F N L Q I I H H G E H H G E H H G E D F N D F N F O R F O R V H G H G O R R S O R R S
7 K L V V W U D W H J \ F R U U H F W V W K H L Q M H F W L R Q W L P H V V R W K D W W K H P L [ W X U H V W U H Q J W K À X F W X D W H V F R Q W L Q X D O O \ 7 K H I U H T X H Q F \ R I W K H À X F W X D W L R Q F K D Q J H V D F F R U G L Q J W R W K H H Q J L Q H O R D G D Q G V S H H G
The ratio below is the mixture ratio and is indicated with the Greek letter á (alpha): Quantity of air taken in by the engine
Quantity of injected fuel
The ratio below is the stoichiometric mixture ratio and is indicated with a st: Theoretical quantity of air to burn - All the injected fuelQuantity of injected fuel
The ratio below is the mixture titration and is indicated with the Greek letter ë (lambda): Quantity of air taken in by the engine
.
Theoretical quantity of air to burn - All the injected fuel
The stoichiometric ratio depends on the type of fuel: For current unleaded petrol it is equivalent to approx. 14.7, that corresponds to a lambda titration = 1.