cooling TOYOTA 4RUNNER 1998 Owners Manual

4RUNNER (1998)
The gauge indicates the engine
coolant temperature when the igni-
tion switch is on. The engine oper-
ating temperature will vary with
changes in weather and engine
load.
If the needle moves into the red zone,
your engine is too hot. If your vehicle
overheats, stop your vehicle and allow
the engine to cool.
Your vehicle may overheat during se-
vere operating conditions, such as:
Driving up a long hill on a hot day.
Reducing speed or stopping after
high speed driving.
Idling for a long period with the air
conditioning on in stop- and- go traf-fic.
Towing a trailer
NOTICE
Do not remove the thermostat
in the engine cooling system asthis may cause the engine to
overheat. The thermostat is de-
signed to control the flow ofcoolant to keep the temperatureof the engine within the speci-
fied operating range.
Do not continue driving with anoverheated engine. See ºIf your
vehicle overheatsº in Part 4.
Tachometer

4RUNNER (1998)
ÐOperating tips
To cool off your Toyota after it has
been parked in the hot sun, drive
with the windows open for a few
minutes. This vents the hot air, al-
lowing the air conditioning to cool
the interior more quickly.
Make sure the air intake grilles in
front of the windshield are not
blocked (by leaves or snow, for
example).
On humid days, do not blow cold
air on the windshield. The wind-
shield could fog up because of the
difference in air temperature on the
inside and outside of the wind-
shield.
Keep the area under the front
seats clear to allow air to circulate
throughout the vehicle.
On cold days, move the fan speed
selector to ºHIº for a minute to
help clear the intake ducts of snow
or moisture. This can reduce the
amount of fogging on the windows. Heating
For best results, set controls to:
Fan speedÐ Any setting except
ºOFFº
TemperatureÐ To w a r d s WARM
(red zone)
Air intakeÐFRESH (outside air)
Air flowÐFLOOR
Air conditioningÐOFF
For quick heating, select recircu-
lated air for a few minutes. To
keep the windows from fogging, se-
lect fresh after the vehicle interior
has been warmed.
Press the ºA/Cº button on for dehu-
midified heating.
Choose floor/windshield air flow to
heat the vehicle interior while de-
frosting or defogging the wind-
shield. Air conditioning
For best results, set controls to:
Fan speedÐ Any setting except
ºOFFº TemperatureÐ To w a r d s COLD
(blue zone)
Air intakeÐFRESH (outside air)
Air flowÐPANEL
Air conditioningÐON For quick cooling, move the air in-
take selector to recirculate for a
few minutes.
Ventilation
For best results, set controls to:
Fan speedÐ Any setting except
ºOFFº TemperatureÐ To w a r d s COLD
(blue zone)
Air intakeÐFRESH (outside air)
Air flowÐPANEL
Air conditioningÐOFF

4RUNNER (1998)
NOTICE
A large amount of unburned
gases flowing into the three- waycatalytic converter may cause itto overheat and create a fire haz-
ard. To prevent this and otherdamage, observe the followingprecautions:
Use only unleaded gasoline.
Do not drive with an extremely
low fuel level; running out offuel could cause the engine to misfire, creating an excessive
load on the three- way catalyticconverter.
Do not allow the engine to runat idle speed for more than 20 minutes.
Avoid racing the engine.
Do not push- start or pull- start
your vehicle.
Do not turn off the ignitionwhile the vehicle is moving.
Keep your engine in good run-
ning order. Malfunctions in theengine electrical system, elec-tronic ignition system/distribu-
tor ignition system or fuel sys-tems could cause an extremelyhigh three- way catalytic con-
verter temperature.
If the engine becomes difficultto start or stalls frequently,
take your vehicle in for acheck- up as soon as possible.
Remember, your Toyota dealer
knows your vehicle and itsthree- way catalytic converter
system best.
To ensure that the three- waycatalytic converter and the en-
tire emission control system op-erate properly, your vehiclemust receive the periodic in-
spections required by the Toyo-ta Maintenance Schedule. For scheduled maintenance informa-
tion, refer to the separateºOwner 's Manual Supplement/Maintenance Scheduleº.
Engine exhaust cautions
CAUTION
Avoid inhaling the engine ex-
haust. It contains carbon mon-
oxide, which is a colorless and
odorless gas. It can cause un-
consciousness or even death.
Make sure the exhaust system
has no holes or loose connec-
tions. The system should be
checked from time to time. If
you hit something, or notice a
change in the sound of the ex-
haust, have the system checked
immediately.
Do not run the engine in a ga-
rage or enclosed area except
for the time needed to drive the
vehicle in or out. The exhaust
gases cannot escape, making
this a particularly dangerous
situation.
Do not remain for a long time
in a parked vehicle with the en-
gine running. If it is unavoid-
able, however, do so only in an
unconfined area and adjust the
heating or cooling system to
force outside air into the ve-
hicle.

4RUNNER (1998)
Keep the back door and back
window closed while driving. An
open or unsealed back door and
back window, may cause ex-
haust gases to be drawn into
the vehicle. If you must drive
with the trunk lid open to ac-
commodate a large object, close
the windows, open all the
instrument panel vents and
have the heating or cooling sys-
tem deliver fresh air into the
vehicle by turning the fan to
high speed with the air intake
control set at the outside air
position.
To allow proper operation of
your vehicle's ventilation sys-
tem, keep the inlet grilles in
front of the windshield clear of
snow, leaves, or other obstruc-
tions.
If you smell exhaust fumes in
the vehicle, drive with the win-
dows open and the back door
and back window closed. Have
the cause immediately located
and corrected.FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL
Engine oil has the primary functions
of lubricating and cooling the inside of
the engine, and plays a major role in
maintaining the engine in proper work-
ing order.
ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION
It is normal that an engine should
consume some engine oil during
normal engine operation. The
causes of oil consumption in a nor-
mal engine are as follows.
Oil is used to lubricate pistons,
piston rings and cylinders. A thin
film of oil is left on the cylinder
wall when a piston moves down-
wards in the cylinder. High nega-
tive pressure generated when the
vehicle is decelerating sucks some
of this oil into the combustion
chamber. This oil as well as some
part of the oil film left on the cylin-
der wall is burned by the high tem-
perature combustion gases during
the combustion process.
Oil is also used to lubricate the
stems of the intake valves. Some
of this oil is sucked into the com-
bustion chamber together with the
intake air and is burned along with
the fuel. High temperature exhaust
gases also burn the oil used to
lubricate the exhaust valve stems.
The amount of engine oil consumed
depends on the viscosity of the oil,
the quality of the oil and the condi-
tions the vehicle is driven under.
More oil is consumed by high- speed
driving and frequent acceleration and
deceleration.
A new engine consumes more oil,
since its pistons, piston rings and cyl-
inder walls have not become condi-
tioned.
When judging the amount of oil
consumption, note that the oil may
become diluted and make it difficult
to judge the true level accurately.
As an example, if a vehicle is used
for repeated short trips, and consumes
a normal amount of oil, the dipstick
may not show any drop in the oil
level at all, even after 1000 km (600
miles) or more. This is because the
oil is gradually becoming diluted with
fuel or moisture, making it appear that
the oil level has not changed.
Facts about engine oil
consumption

4RUNNER (1998)
The top portion of the label shows the
oil quality by API (American Petroleum
Institute) designations such as SJ.
The center portion of the label shows
the SAE
viscosity grade such as SAE 5W- 30.
ºEnergy- Conservingº shown in the
lower portion, indicates that the oil
has fuel- saving capab ilities.
The ILSAC (International Lubricant
Standardization and Approval Commit-
tee) Certification Mark is displayed on
the front of the container. Look at the see- through coolant
reservoir when the engine is cold.
The coolant level is satisfactory if
it is between the ºF (Full)º and ºL
(Low)º lines on the reservoir. If the
level is low, add ethylene- glycol
type coolant.
The coolant level in the reservoir will
vary with engine temperature. Howev-
er, if the level is on or below the ºLº
line, add coolant. Bring the level up
to the ºFº line.
Use only ethylene- glycol type coolant.
See information in the next column.
If the coolant level drops within a
short time after replenishing, there
may be a leak in the system. Visually
check the radiator, hoses, radiator cap
and drain cock and water pump.
If you can find no leak, have your
Toyota dealer test the cap pressure
and check for leaks in the cooling
system.
CAUTION
To prevent burning yourself, do
not remove the radiator cap when
the engine is hot.
Coolant type selection
Your coolant must contain ethylene-
glycol antifreeze. In addition to pre-
venting freezing and subsequent dam-
age to the engine, this will also
prevent corrosion. Further supplemen-
tal inhibitors or additives are neither
needed nor recommended.
Read the antifreeze container for in-
formation on freeze protection. Follow
the manufacturer 's directions for how
much to mix with water. The total ca-
pacity of the cooling system is given
in Part 8. We recommend 50% solu-
tion be used for your Toyota, or a
sufficient quantity to provide protection
to about -35
C (- 31 F).
NOTICE
Do not use alcohol type antifreeze
or plain water alone.
Checking the engine coolan
level

4RUNNER (1998)
CAUTION
Do not drive with the snow
tires incorrectly inflated.
Never drive over 120 km/h (75
mph) with any type of snow
tires.
TIRE CHAIN SELECTION
Use the tire chains of correct size.
Regulations regarding the use of
tire chains vary according to loca-
tion or type of road, so always
check them before installing chains.
CHAIN INSTALLATION
Install the chains on the rear tires
as tightly as possible. Do not use
tire chains on the front tires. Re-
tighten chains after driving 0.5Ð1.0
km (1/4Ð1/2 mile).
When installing chains on your tires,
carefully follow the instructions of the
chain manufacturer.
If wheel covers are used, they will be
scratched by the chain band, so re-
move the covers before putting on the
chains.
CAUTION
Do not exceed 50 km/h (30
mph) or the chain manufactur-
er 's recommended speed limit,
whichever is lower.
Drive carefully avoiding bumps,
holes, and sharp turns, which
may cause the vehicle to bounce.
Avoid sharp turns or locked-
wheel braking, as use of chains
may adversely affect vehicle
handling.
Replacing wheels
WHEN TO REPLACE YOUR WHEELS
If you have wheel damage such as
bending, cracks or heavy corrosion,
the wheel should be replaced.
If you fail to replace damaged wheels,
the tire may slip off the wheel or they
may cause loss of handling control.
WHEEL SELECTION
When replacing wheels, care should
be taken to ensure that the wheels
are replaced by ones with the same
load capacity, diameter, rim width,
and offset.
Correct replacement wheels are avail-
able at your Toyota dealer.
A wheel of a different size or type
may adversely affect handling, wheel
and bearing life, brake cooling,
speedometer/odometer calibration,
stopping ab ility, headlight aim, bumper
height, vehicle ground clearance, and
tire or snow chain clearance to the
body and chassis.

4RUNNER (1998)
COOLING SYSTEM
Total capacity, L (qt., Imp. qt.):
3RZ- FE engineWith rear heater 11.0 (11.6, 9.7)
Without rear heater
10.0 (10.6, 8.8)
5VZ- FE engine With rear heater
9.0 (9.5, 7.9)
Without rear heater
8.0 (8.5, 7.0) Coolant type:
With ethylene- glycol antifreeze
(Do not use alcohol type.)
BATTERY
Open voltage *
at 20 C (68 F):
12.6Ð12.8 V Fully charged
12.2Ð12.4 V Half charged
11.8 Ð12.0 V Discharged
* : Voltage that is checked 20 minutes
after
the key is removed with all the lights
turned off
Charging rates:
5 A max.
CLUTCH
Pedal freeplay, mm (in.): 5Ð15 (0.2Ð0.6)
Fluid type: SAE J1703 or FMVSS No. 116 DOT
3 MANUAL TRANSMISSION
Oil capacity, L (qt., Imp. qt.):
3RZ- FE engine
Two- wheel drive models 2.6 (2.7, 2.3)
Four- wheel drive models
2.5 (2.6, 2.2)
5VZ- FE engine 2.2 (2.3, 1.9)
Oil type: Gear oil API GL- 4 or GL- 5
Recommended oil viscosity: SAE 75W- 90
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Fluid capacity (drain and ref ill),
L (qt., Imp. qt.): Two- wheel drive models Up to 1.6 (1.7, 1.4)
Four- wheel drive models Up to 2.0 (2.1, 1.8)