engine TOYOTA HIGHLANDER HYBRID 2023 Manual PDF

4857-2. Steps to take in an emergency
7
When trouble arises
the steam subsides.
If you do not see steam:
Carefully lift the hood.
3 After the hybrid system has
cooled down sufficiently,
inspect the hoses and radia-
tor core (radiator) for any
leaks.
Radiator
Cooling fan
If a large amount of coolant leaks,
immediately cont act your Toyota
dealer.
4 The coolant level is satisfac-
tory if it is between the
“FULL” and “LOW” lines on
the reservoir.
Reservoir
“FULL” line
“LOW” line Radiator cap
5 Add coolant if necessary.
Water can be used in an emer-
gency if coolant is unavailable.
6Start the hybrid system and
turn the air conditioning sys-
tem on to check that the radi-
ator cooling fan operates and
to check for coolant leaks
from the radiator or hoses.
The fan operates when the air con-
ditioning system is turned on imme-
diately after a cold start. Confirm
that the fan is operating by check-
ing the fan sound and air flow. If it is
difficult to check these, turn the air
conditioning system on and off
repeatedly. (The fan may not oper-
ate in freezing temperatures.)
7If the fan is not operating:
Stop the hybrid system
immediately and contact your
Toyota dealer.
If the fan is operating:
Have the vehicle inspected at
the nearest Toyota dealer.
8 Check if “Engine Coolant
Temp High Stop in a Safe
Place See Owner's Manual”
is shown on the multi-infor-
mation display.
If the message does not disappear:
Stop the hybrid system and contact

4877-2. Steps to take in an emergency
7
When trouble arises
However, if the message appears
again frequently, contact your Toy-
ota dealer.
WARNING
■When inspecting under the
hood of your vehicle
Observe the following precau-
tions.
Failure to do so may result in seri-
ous injury such as burns.
●If steam is seen coming from
under the hood, do not open the
hood until the steam has sub-
sided. The engine compart-
ment may be very hot.
●After the hybrid system has
been turned off, check that the
“READY” indicator is off.
When the hybrid system is oper-
ating, the gasoline engine may
automatically start, or the cool-
ing fan may suddenly operate
even if the gasoline engine
stops. Do not touch or approach
rotating parts such as the fan,
which may lead to fingers or
clothing (especially a tie, a scarf
or a muffler) getting caught,
resulting in serious injury.
●Do not loosen the radiator cap
and the coolant reservoir caps
while the hybrid system and
radiator are hot.
High temperature steam or
coolant could spray out.
NOTICE
■When adding engine/power
control unit coolant
Add coolant slowly after the
hybrid system has cooled down
sufficiently. Adding cool coolant to
a hot hybrid system too quickly
can cause damage to the hybrid
system.
■To prevent damage to the
cooling system
Observe the following precau-
tions:
●Avoid contaminating the coolant
with foreign matter (such as
sand or dust, etc.).
●Do not use any coolant additive.

4918-1. Specifications
8
Vehicle specifications
vehicle.
Top left of the instrument
panel
The vehicle identification number is
stamped.
Left-hand side center pillar
This number is also on the Certifi-
cation Label.
■Engine number
The engine number is stamped
on the engine block as shown.
Engine
ModelA25A-FXS
Ty p e4-cylinder in line , 4-cycle, gasoline
Bore and stroke3.44  4.07 in. (87.5  103.48 mm)
Displacement151.8 cu. in. (2487 cm3)
Valve clearance (engine cold)Automatic adjustment
Fuel
Fuel typeUnleaded gasoline only
Octane Rating87 (Research Octane Number 91) or
higher
Fuel tank capacity
(Reference)17.1 gal. (65 L, 14.2 Imp. gal.)

4928-1. Specifications
Front
Rear
■Oil capacity (Drain and
refillreference
*)
*: The engine oil capacity is a refer-
ence quantity to be used when
changing the engine oil. Warm up
the engine and turn off the hybrid
system, wait more than 5 min-
utes, and check the oil level on the dipstick.
■Engine oil selection
“Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” is
used in your Toyota vehicle. Use
Toyota approved “Toyota Genu-
ine Motor Oil” or equivalent to
satisfy the following grade and
viscosity.
Oil grade: ILSAC GF-6B multi-
grade engine oil
Recommended viscosity: SAE
0W-16
Electric motor (traction motor)
Ty p ePermanent magnet synchronous
motor
Maximum output134 kW
Maximum torque199 ft•lbf (270 N•m, 27.5 kgf•m)
Ty p ePermanent magnet synchronous
motor
Maximum output40 kW
Maximum torque89 ft•lbf (121 N•m, 12.3 kgf•m)
Hybrid battery (traction battery)
Ty p eNickel-Metal hydride battery
Vo l t a g e7.2 V/module
Capacity6.5 Ah (3HR)
Quantity40 modules
Nominal voltage288 V
Lubrication system
With filter4.8 qt. (4.5 L, 4.0 Imp.
qt.)
Without
filter4.4 qt. (4.2 L, 3.7 Imp.
qt.)

4938-1. Specifications
8
Vehicle specifications
Outside temperature
SAE 0W-16 is the best choice
for good fuel economy and good
starting in cold weather.
If SAE 0W-16 is not available,
SAE 0W-20 oil may be used.
However, it must be replaced
with SAE 0W-16 at the next oil
change.
Oil viscosity (0W-16 is explained
here as an example):
• The 0W in 0W-16 indicates the characteristic of the oil
which allows cold startability.
Oils with a lower value before the W allow for easier starting
of the engine in cold weather.
• The 16 in 0W-16 indicates the viscosity characteristic of the
oil when the oil is at high tem-
perature. An oil with a higher
viscosity (one with a higher
value) may be better suited if
the vehicle is operated at high
speeds, or under extreme
load conditions.
How to read oil container label:
API registered mark is added to
some oil containers to help you
select the oil you should use.
Cooling system
Capacity
Gasoline
engine10.5 qt. (9.9 L , 8.7 Imp. qt.)
Power con-
trol unit2.0 qt. (1.9 L, 1.7 Imp. qt.)
Coolant type
Use either of the following:
 “Toyota Super Long Life Coolant”
 Similar high-quality et hylene glycol-based
non-silicate, non -amine, non-nitrite, and
non-borate coolant with long-life hybrid organic
acid technology
Do not use pla in water alone.

4958-1. Specifications
8
Vehicle specifications
*: Minimum pedal clearance when depressed with a force of 67.4 lbf (300 N, 30.6 kgf) while the engine is running.
Ty p e A
NOTICE
■Transmission fluid type
Using transmission fluid other than the above type may cause ab normal
noise or vibration, or ultimately damage the transmission of yo ur vehicle.
Brakes
Pedal clearance*3.6 in. (91 mm) Min.
Pedal free play0.04  0.24 in. (1  6 mm)
Brake pad wear limit0.04 in. (1 mm)
Fluid typeSAE J1703 or FMVSS No. 116 DOT 3
SAE J1704 or FMVSS No. 116 DOT 4
Steering
Free playLess than 1.2 in. (30 mm)
Tires and wheels
Tire size235/65R18 106V, T165/90D18 107M (spare)
Tire inflation pressure
(Recommended cold tire
inflation pressure)
Front
36 psi (250 kPa, 2.5 kgf/cm
2 or bar)
Rear
36 psi (250 kPa, 2.5 kgf/cm
2 or bar)
Spare
60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm
2 or bar)
Driving at high speeds (above 100 mph [160
km/h]) (in countries wher e such speeds are per-
mitted by law)
Add 4 psi (30 kPa, 0.3 kgf/cm
2 or bar) to the front
and rear tires. Never exceed the maximum cold
tire inflation pressure indicated on the tire side-
wall.

4988-1. Specifications
■Gasoline quality
In very few cases, driveability prob-
lems may be caused by the brand of
gasoline you are using. If driveability
problems persist, try changing the
brand of gasoline. If this does not
correct the problem, consult your
Toyota dealer.
■Recommendation of the use of
gasoline containing detergent
additives
●Toyota recomme nds the use of
gasoline that contains detergent
additives to avoid the build-up of
engine deposits.
●All gasoline sold in the U.S.A. con-
tains minimum detergent additives
to clean and/or keep clean intake
systems, per EPA’s lowest addi-
tives concentration program.
●Toyota strongly recommends the
use of Top Tier Detergent Gaso-
line. For more information on Top
Tier Detergent Gasoline and a list
of marketers, please go to the offi-
cial website www.toptiergas.com.
■Recommendation of the use of
low emissions gasoline
Gasolines containing oxygenates
such as ethers and ethanol, as well
as reformulated gasolines, are avail-
able in some cities. These fuels are
typically acceptable for use, provid-
ing they meet other fuel require-
ments.
Toyota recommends these fuels,
since the formulations allow for
reduced vehicle emissions.
■Non-recommendation of the
use of blended gasoline
●Use only gasoline containing up to
15% ethanol.
DO NOT use any flex-fuel or gas-
oline that could contain more than
15% ethanol, including from any
pump labeled E30 (30% ethanol
[ ]), E50 (50% ethanol [ ]), E85
(85% ethanol [ ]) (which are only
some examples of f uel containing
more than 15% ethanol).
●If you use gasohol in your vehicle,
be sure that it has an octane rat-
ing no lower than 87.
●Toyota does not recommend the
use of gasoline containing metha-
nol.
■Non-recommendation of the
use of gasoline containing MMT
Some gasoline contains an octane
enhancing additive called MMT
(Methylcyclopentadienyl Manga-
nese Tricarbonyl).
Toyota does not re commend the use
of gasoline that contains MMT. If
fuel containing MMT is used, your
emission control system may be
Fuel infor mation
You must only use unleaded
gasoline.
Select octane rating 87
(Research Octane Number
91) or higher. Use of
unleaded gasoline with an
octane rating lower than 87
may result in engine knock-
ing. Persistent knocking
can lead to engine damage.
At minimum, the gasoline you
use should meet the specifica-
tions of ASTM D4814 in the
U.S.A.

4998-1. Specifications
8
Vehicle specifications
adversely affected.
The malfunction indicator lamp on
the instrument cluster may come on.
If this happens, contact your Toyota
dealer for service.
■If your engine knocks
●Consult your Toyota dealer.
●You may occasionally notice light
knocking for a short time while
accelerating or driving uphill. This
is normal and there is no need for
concern.
NOTICE
■Notice on fuel quality
●Do not use impro per fuels. If
improper fuels are used, the
engine will be damaged.
●Do not use leaded gasoline.
Leaded gasoline can cause
damage to your vehicle’s
three-way catalytic converters
causing the emission control
system to malfunction.
●Do not use gasohol other than
the type previously stated.
Other gasohol may cause fuel
system damage or vehicle per-
formance problems.
●Using unleaded gasoline with
an octane number or rating
lower than the l evel previously
stated may cause persistent
heavy knocking.
At worst, this may lead to
engine damage.
■When refueling with gasohol
Take care not to spill gasohol. It
can damage your vehicle’s paint.
■Fuel-related poor driveability
If poor driveability (poor hot start-
ing, vaporization, engine knock-
ing, etc.) is encountered after
using a different type of fuel, dis-
continue the use of that type of
fuel.

5048-1. Specifications
Grade C corresponds to a level of
performance which all passenger
car tires must meet under the Fed-
eral Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
No. 109.
Grades B and A represent higher
levels of performance on the labo-
ratory test wheel than the minimum
required by law. Warning: The temperature grades
of a tire assume tha
t it is properly
inflated and not overloaded.
Excessive speed, underinflation, or
excessive loading, either sepa-
rately or in combination, can cause
heat buildup and possible tire fail-
ure.
Glossary of tire terminology
Tire related termMeaning
Cold tire infl ation pressure
Tire pressure when the vehicle has been
parked for three hours or more, or has not
been driven more than 1 mile or 1.5 km
under that condition
Maximum inflation pressure
The maximum cold inf lated pressure to
which a tire may be inflated, shown on the
sidewall of the tire
Recommended inflation pres-
sureCold tire inflation pressure recommended
by a manufacturer
Accessory weight
The combined weight (in excess of those
standard items which may be replaced) of
hybrid transmission, power steering,
power brakes, power windows, power
seats, radio and heater, to the extent that
these items are available as fac-
tory-installed equipment (whether installed
or not)
Curb weight
The weight of a motor vehicle with stan-
dard equipment, including the maximum
capacity of fuel, oil and coolant, and if so
equipped, air conditioning and additional
weight optional engine

542Alphabetical Index
Back-up lightsReplacing light bulbs ............ 428
Battery (12-volt battery) Battery checking................... 402
If the 12-volt battery is dis-charged .............................. 479
Preparing and c hecking before
winter.................................. 320
Replacing ............................. 482
Warning light ........................ 446
Battery (traction battery) ......... 73
Blind Spot Monitor (BSM) ...... 278
Brake Brake hold ............................ 220
Fluid ............................. 400, 495
Parking brake ....................... 217
Regenerative braking ............. 70
Warning light ........................ 445
Brake assist ............................ 311
Break-in tips ........ ................... 185
Brightness control Instrument panel light control89, 96
BSM (Blind Spot Monitor) ...... 278
Buzzer Hands off steering wheel warn-ing (LTA) ............................. 262
C
Care Exterior ................................. 380
Interior .................................. 383
Seat belts ............................. 383
Wheels and wheel ornaments........................................... 380
Cargo capacity ....................... 194
Cargo net hooks .. ................... 350
Chains ..................................... 321
Child restraint system Fixed with a LATCH system ... 60
Fixed with a seat belt ............. 55 Front passenger occupant clas-
sification system ...................43
Points to remember ................50
Riding with children ................49
Types of child restraint system installation method ...............52
Using an anchor bracket ........62
Child safety 12-volt battery precautions .403, 483
Airbag precautions .................39
Back door precautions..........131
Child restraint system .............52
Heated steering wheel and seat heater precautio ns..............341
How your child should wear the seat belt ................................28
Moon roof precautions..........177
Panoramic moon roof precau- tions ....................................181
Power window lock switch ....175
Power window precautions...174
Rear door child-protectors ....130
Seat belt extender precautions .............................................29
Seat belt precautions..............49
Child-protectors......................130
Cleaning Exterior .................................380
Interior ..................................383
Radar sensor ........................238
Seat belts .............................383
Wheels and wheel ornaments...........................................380
Clock ................... .....87, 90, 91, 96
Coat hooks ..............................363
Condenser ............. ..................400
Console box ............................347
Conversation mirror ...............369
Cooling system .......................399 Engine overheating ..............484
Hybrid system overheating ...486