ESP AUDI Q7 2019 Owner´s Manual

4M0012721BG
CheckingandFilling

CheckingandFilling
Fuel
ahemelt)
Thecorrectgasolinegradeisstatedontheinside
ofthefuelfillerdoor.
Thevehicleisequippedwithacatalyticconverter
andmustonlybedrivenwithunleadedgasoline.
AudirecommendsusingTOPTIERDetergentGas-
oline.ForadditionalinformationonTOPTIERDe-
tergentGasoline,visitwww.toptiergas.com.
Theindividualgasolinegradesaredifferentiated
byoctaneratings.Thisvalueisgivenwith(R
+M)/2equatingtoAKIorinRON.
Theheadingsbelowmatchthestickerinthefuel
fillerdoor.
UNLEADEDFUELONLYMIN.(R+M)/287
Regular/MIN.RON91Regular
Useregulargasolinewithminimum87AKI/
91RON>©.
Themaximumenginepowerisonlyreachedif
premiumgasoline91AKI/95RONisused.
UNLEADEDFUELONLYPREMIUMMIN.(R
+M)/291/SUPERMIN.RON95
Usingpremiumgasolinewithminimum91AKI/
95RONisrecommended.
Ifpremiumgasolineisnotavailable,youcanalso
useregulargasoline87AKI/91RON.However
thisdoesreduce theenginepowerslightly.
@)Note
—Fillingthetankjustonetimewithleaded
fuel orothermetallicadditiveswillcause
permanentdeteriorationtothecatalytic
converterfunction.
—Whengasolinewithanoctaneratingthatis
toolowisused,highspeedsorheavyengine
loadcanleadtoenginedamage.
@Tips
Thevehiclemaybefilledwithfuelthathasa
higheroctaneratingthanwhatisrequiredby
theengine.
Gasolinemixture
GasolinewithalcoholorMTBE(Methyl-Tert-
Butyl-Ether)
Youcan useunleadedgasolinemixedwithalco-
holorMTBE(generallylabeledasoxygenated
compounds)aslongasthefuelmeetsthefollow-
ingconditions:
Gasolinewithmethanolcontent(methylalco-
holormethanol)
—Anti-KnockIndexisatleast87AKI
—Nomorethan3%methanol
—Morethan2%solvent
Gasolinewithethanolcontent(ethylalcoholor
ethanol)
—Anti-KnockIndexisatleast87AKI
—Nomorethan15%ethanol
GasolinewithMTBEcontent
—Anti-KnockIndexisatleast87AKI
—Nomorethan15%MTBE
Gasolineadaptedtotheseason
Manygasolinefuelsareadaptedtotheseasons.
Whentheseasonchanges,werecommendrefu-
elingathigh-trafficgasstations.Itismorelikely
thatthegasolinewillbesuitablefortheseason
there.
()Note
—Gasolinewithmethanolcontentthatdoes
notmeetthespecifiedconditionsmaycause
corrosiondamageanddamagetoplasticor
rubbercomponentsinthefuelsystem.
—Donotusegasoline thatdoesnotmeetthe
specifications.
—Ifyouareunabletofindoutifaspecificgas-
olinemixturemeetsthespecifications,ask
the gasstationoperatorortheirfuelsuppli-
er.
309
>

CheckingandFilling

—Donotuseanygasolinemixturewhose
compositioncannotbeidentified.
—Audidoesnotassumeanyresponsibilityfor
damagetothefuelsystemorforperform-
ance
problemscausedbyusinggasoline
mixturesdifferentfromthosespecified.
Thistypeofdamagealsodoesnotfallunder
theNewVehicleLimitedWarrantyorunder
the emissionscontrolsystemwarranty.
—Ifyounoticeahigherfuelconsumptionor
poorhandlingorperformanceproblemsdue
tosuchgasolinemixtures,werecommend
fuelingwithunblendedgasoline.
Gasolineadditives
Animportantissueformanyautomobilemanu-
facturersiscombustionresidueintheengine
thatresultsfromtheuseofcertainfuels.
Althoughtypesofgasolinedifferdependingon
themanufacturer,therearesimilarities.Certain
substancesinthegasolinemaycausedepositsin
theengine.Additivesinthegasolinethatshould
keeptheengineandfuelsystemcleandonotall
functionequally.
AudirecommendsusingTOPTIERDetergentGas-
oline.ForadditionalinformationonTOPTIERDe-
tergentGasoline,visitwww.toptiergas.com.
Ifyouuseincorrectfuelsoveralongperiodof
time,themaximumengineperformancemaybe
impaired
bycombustionresidue.
©Note
Damageormalfunctionscausedbytheuseof
incorrecttypesofgasolinearenotcoveredby
theNewVehicleLimitedWarranty.
310
Refueling
Fuelingprocedure


Fig.255Rightrearsideofthevehicle:openingthefuel
fillerdoor




Fig.256Fuelfillerdoorwithattachedfuelcap
Thefuelfillerdoorisunlockedorlockedbythe
central lockingsystem.
>Pressontheleftsideofthefuelfillerdoorto
openit>fig.255.
>Unscrewthetankcapcounterclockwise.
» Placethecapfromaboveontheopenfuelfiller
door&fig.256.
> Insertthefuelpumpnozzleallthewayintothe
fuelfillerneck.
>Beginfueling.Oncethefuelpumpnozzleturns
offthefirsttime,thefueltankisfull.Donot
continuefueling, or elsetheexpansionspacein
thetankwillbefilledwithfuel.
> Afterthefuelpumphasswitchedoff,waitfive
secondsbeforeremovingthenozzletoallow
therestofthefueltofinishdrippingintothe
fueltank.
>Turn thefuelcapclockwiseuntilitclicksinto
place.
>Closethefuelfillerdoorandthenpressonthe
leftsideuntilitlatches.>

4M0012721BG
CheckingandFilling

Thecorrectfueltypeforyourvehiclecanbe
foundonalabellocatedontheinsideofthefuel
fillerdoor.Foradditionalinformationonfuel,see
=>page309.
Forthetankcapacityinyourvehicle,refertothe
TechnicalData>page375.
Toreducetheriskoffuelleakingoutorvapors
escaping,makesurethatthefueltankisclosed
correctly.OtherwisetheEyindicatorlightwill
turnon.
Ifthecentral lockingsystemmalfunctions,there
isafuelfillerdooremergencyrelease
=>page312.


Z\WARNING
Improperfuelingproceduresandimproper
handlingoffuelcanlead toexplosions,fires,
severeburns,andotherinjuries.
—Donotsmoke.Keepawayfrom openflames.
—Theignitionmustbeswitchedoffwhenre-
fueling.
—Mobiledevices,radiodevices,andotherra-
dioequipmentshouldalways be switched
offwhenrefueling.Electromagneticrays
couldcausesparksandstartafire.
—Ifyoudonotinsertthefuelpumpnozzleall
thewayintothefillertube,thenfuelcan
leakout.Spilledfuelcanigniteandstarta
fire.
—Nevergetintothevehiclewhenrefueling.If
thereisanexceptionalsituationwhereyou
mustenterthevehicle,closethedoorand
touchametalsurfacebeforetouching the
fuelpumpnozzleagain.Thiswillreducethe
riskofelectrostaticdischargethatcancause
flyingsparks.Sparks canstarta firewhen
refueling.

—Ifyoumusttransportfuelinafuelcontain-
er,notethefollowing:
—Alwaysplacethefuelcontaineronthe
groundbeforefilling.Neverfillthefuel
containerwithfuelwhileitisinsideoron
thevehicle.Electrostaticdischargecanoc-
curwhilerefuelingandthefuelvapors
couldignite.
—Whenusingfuelcontainersmadeofmet-
al,thefuelpumpnozzlemustalwaysre-
mainincontactwiththecontainertore-
ducetheriskofstaticcharge.
—Insertthefuelpumpnozzleasfaraspos-
sibleintothefilleropeningwhilerefuel-
ing.
—Followtheapplicablelegalregulationsin
thecountrywhereyouaredrivingwhen
using,storingandtransportingfuelcon-
tainers.
—Makesurethatthefuelcontainermeets
theindustrystandards,forexampleANSI
orASTMF852-86.


Z\WARNING
Transportingfuelcontainersinsidethevehicle
isnotrecommended.Fuelcouldleakoutof
thecontainerandignite,especiallyduringan
accident.Thiscan causeexplosions,fires,and

injuries.


)Dependingontheengine
()Note
—Removefuelthathasoverflowedontoany
vehiclecomponentsimmediatelytoreduce
theriskofdamagetothevehicle.
—Neverdriveuntilthefueltankiscompletely
empty.Theirregularsupplyoffuelthatre-
sultsfromthatcan causeenginemisfires.
Uncombustedfuelmayentertheexhaust
systemandincreasetheriskofdamageto
thecatalyticconverter.
(@)Forthesakeoftheenvironment
Donotoverfillthefueltank,orfuelcouldleak
outwhenthevehicleiswarmingup.
@)Tips
Thefuelfillerdoor onyourvehicledoesnot
lockifyoulockthevehiclefromtheinsideus-
ing
thecentral lockingswitch.
311

CheckingandFilling


hair,andmakesureallclothingfitsclose
tothebodytotoreducetheriskofany-
thingbecomingcaughtinenginecompo-
nents.
—Payattentiontothefollowingwarnings
whenworkonthefuelsystemisrequired:
— Donotsmoke.
—Neverworknearopenflames.
—Alwayshaveaworkingfireextinguisher
nearby.
—Allworkonthebatteryorelectricalsystem
inyourvehiclecanresultininjuries,chemi-
calburns,accidents,or burns.Becauseof
this,allworkmustbeperformedonlyby an
authorizedAudidealerorauthorizedAudi
ServiceFacility.
—Limityour exposuretoexhaustandchemi-
calsto asshortatimeaspossible.

ZA\WARNING
CaliforniaProposition65Warning:
—Engineexhaust,someofitsconstituents,
andcertainvehiclecomponentscontainor
emitchemicalsknowntotheStateofCali-
forniatocausecancerandbirthdefectsand
reproductiveharm.Inaddition,certainflu-
idscontainedinvehiclesandcertainprod-
ucts ofcomponentwearcontainoremit
chemicalsknowntotheStateofCalifornia
tocausecancerandbirthdefectsorother
reproductiveharm.
—Batteryposts,terminalsandrelatedacces-
soriescontainleadandleadcompounds,
chemicalsknowntotheStateofCalifornia
to
causecancerandreproductiveharms.
Washhandsafterhandling.

()Note
Whenfillingfluids,besurenottoaddanyflu-
idstothewrongreservoirs.Otherwisesevere
malfunctionsandenginedamagewilloccur.
@Forthesakeoftheenvironment
Youshouldregularlycheckthegroundunder
yourvehicleinordertodetectleaksquickly.If
therearevisiblespotsfromoilorotherfluids,
bringyourvehicletoanauthorizedAudideal-
314
erorauthorizedAudiServiceFacilitytobe
checked.
Openingandclosingthehood
Thehoodisreleasedfrominsidethevehicle.

B4M-0130


WQ~
Fig.261Unlockedhood:lever
Makesurethewiperarmsarenotraisedupfrom
thewindshield.Otherwisethepaintcouldbe
damaged.
Openingthehood
>Withthedriver'sdooropen,pulltheleverbe-
lowtheinstrumentpanelinthedirectionofthe
arrow>fig.260.
>Raisethehoodslightly>A\.
>Pressthelever>fig.261inthedirectionofthe
arrow.Thisreleasesthehooks.
>Openthehood.
Closingthehood
>Pushthehooddownuntilyouoverridethe
forceofthestruts.
> Letthehoodfalllightlyintothelatch.Donot
pressitin.>JX.>

CheckingandFilling

frontoftheenginecompartment>page315,
fig.262.
Iftherecommendedengineoilisnotavailable,in
anemergencyyoumayaddamaximumof1
quart(1liter)ofACEAC3orAPISNengineoil
onetimeuntilthenextoilchange.
Formoreinformationonthecorrectengineoil
foryourvehicle,contactanauthorizedAudideal-
erorauthorizedAudiServiceFacility.Havetheoil
changedbyanauthorizedAudidealerorauthor-
izedServiceFacility.

Audirecommends
Stastrol)(ZIDIEGEProrzssional
AudirecommendsusingtheLongLifehigh-per-
formanceengineoilfromAudiGenuineParts.
Messages
Engineoilpressure


2Turnoffengine.Oilpressuretoolow
Stopdrivingandswitchtheengineoff.Checkthe
engineoillevel>page317.
—Iftheengineoillevelistoolow,addengineoil
=>page317.Onlycontinuedrivingoncethein-
dicatorlightturnsoff.
—Iftheengineoilleveliscorrectandtheindica-
torlightstillturnson,turntheengineoffand
do
notcontinuedriving.SeeanauthorizedAudi
dealerorauthorizedAudiServiceFacilityforas-
sistance.
Engineoillevel
Appliesto:vehicleswithoillevelwarning
2Pleaseaddoilimmediately.
Stoptheengineand donotcontinuedriving.
Checktheengineoillevel>page317andadd
engineoilimmediately>page317.
&Pleaseaddmax.xqt(xJ)oil.Youcancon-
tinuedriving
Addtheamountofoilshownimmediately
=>page317.
Reducingtheoillevel
EAPleasereduceoillevel.
316
Thereistoomuchoilintheengineandthereisa
risk
ofdamagingthecatalyticconverteroren-
gine.DrivetoanauthorizedAudidealerorau-
thorizedAudiServiceFacilityimmediatelytohave
engineoilextractedifnecessary.Avoidhighen-
ginespeeds,fullacceleration,andheavyengine
loads.
Engineoilsensor
2Oillevelsensor:oilchangenecessary.Please
contactService
Fuelhasenteredtheengineoil.Thiswillcause
theengineoilleveltoriseslowlyandtheengine
oilqualitytodecrease.Donotextractengineoil
toreducethelevel,becausethiswillincreasethe
riskofenginedamage.DrivetoanauthorizedAu-
didealerorauthorizedAudiServiceFacilityim-
mediatelytohaveengineoilextracted.
|=.)Oillevelsystem:malfunction!Pleasecon-
tactService
Thesensorthatcheckstheengineoillevelhas
malfunctioned.DrivetoanauthorizedAudideal-
erorauthorizedAudiServiceFacilityimmediately
tohavethemalfunctioncorrected.
BBOilpressuresensor:malfunction!Please
contactService
Thesensorthatcheckstheengineoilpressure
hasmalfunctioned.DrivetoanauthorizedAudi
dealerorauthorizedAudiServiceFacilityimmedi-
atelytohavethemalfunctioncorrected.
Enginewarm-uprequest
[flPleasedrivetowarmupengine
Fuelhasenteredtheengineoil,eitherduetolow
outsidetemperaturesorfrequentshortdrives.
Driveuntiltheengineiswarmso thatthefuelin
theengineoilwillevaporate.Avoidhighengine
speeds,fullaccelerating,andheavyengineloads
whendoing this.
@Tips
Theoilpressurewarning=isnotanoillevel
indicator.
Alwayschecktheoillevelregularly.

4M0012721BG
CheckingandFilling

Checkingtheengineoillevel
TheengineoillevelcanbecheckedintheInfo-
tainmentsystem
Observethesafetyprecautions>/A\inWorking
intheenginecompartmentonpage313.
>Parkthevehicleonalevelsurface.
>Shuttheengineoffwhenitiswarm.
>Switchonlytheignitionbackon.
>Waitapproximatelytwominutes.
>SelectintheInfotainmentsystem:the[MENU
button>Vehicle>leftcontrolbutton>Service
&checks>Oillevel.
>Readtheoillevelinthedisplay.Addengineoil
ifthe barintheoillevelindicatorisjustbelow
“min”>page317.
C)Note
Iftheengineoillevelistoolowortoohigh,
thereisariskofenginedamage.
@Tips
Theoillevelindicatorinthedisplayisonlyan
informationaldisplay.Iftheoillevelistoo
low,aminimumoilwarningappearsinthein-
strumentcluster.Addoilandclosethehood.
ThecurrentoillevelisdisplayedintheInfo-
tainmentsystemthenexttimetheignitionis
switchedon.
G@)Tips
Theengineoilconsumptionmaybeupto
0.5quart/600miles(0.5liter/1,000km),de-
pendingondrivingstyleandoperatingcondi-
tions.Consumptionmaybehigherduring the
first3,000miles(5,000km).Theengineoil
levelmustbecheckedregularly.Itisbestto
checkeachtimeyourefuelyourvehicleand
before longdrives.
—Becauseofthelubricationandcoolingof
theengine,combustionenginesconsume
oil.Theoilconsumptionvariesdepending
ontheengineandmaychangeduringthe
servicelifeoftheengine.Enginesgenerally
consumemoreoilatthebeginningduring
thebreak-inperiod.Thenoilconsumption
stabilizesafterthebreak-inperiod.


—Undernormalconditions,oilconsumption
dependsonthequalityandviscosityofthe
oil,theengineRPM,theclimateconditions,
andtheroadconditions.Thedilutionofoil
fromcondensationorfuelresidueaswellas
theageoftheoilalso playarole.Because
enginewearincreaseswithmileage,oilcon-
sumptionwillincreaseagainovertimeuntil
itmaybenecessarytoreplaceworncompo-
nents.
—Becauseallthesevariablesplayarole,itis
notpossibletodefineanoilconsumption
standard.Therefore,theoillevelmustbe
checkedregularly.
—Ifyoubelievethatyourenginehasin-
creaseditsoilconsumption,contactanau-
thorizedAudidealerorauthorizedAudi
ServiceFacilitytodeterminethecause.
Pleasenotethatanexactoilconsumption
measurementmustbedonewiththeneces-
sary careandaccuracyandmaytaketime.
AnauthorizedAudidealerorauthorizedAu-
diServiceFacilityistrainedinaccurately
measuringtheoilconsumption.
—Youcanfindinformationonengineoiland
engineoilcapacitiesfortheUSAatwww.
audiusa.com/help/maintenance,orforCan-
adaatwww.audi.ca/ca/web/en/
customer-area/care-and-maintenance/
audi-service-schedules.html,orcall
800-822-2834.
Addingengineoil

B8K-2120



Fig.263Enginecompartment:engineoilfilleropening
cover
Observethesafetyprecautions>A\inWorking
intheenginecompartmentonpage313.
317
>

4M0012721BG
CheckingandFilling


keep yourforearmparalleltothegroundto
reducetheriskofhotoildrippingdownyour
arm.
—Draintheoilintoacontainerdesignedfor
thispurposethatislargeenoughtoholdthe
fullamountofoilinyourengine.
—Engineoilispoisonous.Alwaysstoreoutof
reachofchildren.
—
Prolongedcontactofusedengineoilwith
theskinmaycauseskindamage.Always
washoiloffimmediatelywithsoapandwa-
tertoprotectyourskin.
@)Note
Donotmixanyadditiveswiththeengineoil.
Additivesmaycauseengine damagethatis
notcoveredbyyourNewVehicleLimitedWar-
ranty.

@Forthesakeoftheenvironment
—Beforechangingtheengineoil,makesure
youcandisposeoftheusedengineoilcor-
rectly.
—Engineoilmustalways bedisposedofcor-
rectly.Donot dumpitintheyard,inthefor-
est,orinopenwater,riverchannels,orsew-
ers.
—Haveyour usedengineoilrecycledbybring-
ingittoausedoilcollectionsiteorcontact
agasstation.
Coolingsystem
Theenginecoolingsystemisfilledwithamixture
ofpurifiedwaterandcoolantadditiveatthefac-
tory.Thiscoolantmustnotbe notchanged.
ThecoolantlevelismonitoredthroughtheBin-
dicatorlight>page21.However,occasionally
checkingthecoolantlevelmanuallyisrecom-
mended.
Ifyoumustaddcoolant,useamixtureofwater
andcoolantadditive.Mixing thecoolantadditive
withdistilledwaterisrecommended.
Coolantadditive
Thecoolantadditiveismadeofanti-freezingand
corrosionprotectionagents.Onlyuse thefollow-
ingcoolantadditives.Theseadditivesmaybe
mixedwitheachother.

CoolantadditiveSpecification

G12++TL774G

G13TL774]


Theamountofcoolantadditivethatneedstobe
mixedwithwaterdependsontheclimatewhere
thevehiclewillbeoperated.Ifthecoolantaddi-
tivepercentageistoolow,thecoolantcanfreeze
anddamagetheengine.





CoolantFreezeprotec-
additivetion
Warmmin.40%min.-13°F
regionsmax.45%(-25°C)
Cold min.50%max.-40°F
regionsmax.55%(-40°C)

C@)Note
—Beforethestartofwinter,haveanauthor-
izedAudidealerorauthorizedAudiService
Facilitycheckifthecoolantadditiveinyour
vehiclematchesthepercentageappropriate
fortheclimate.Thisisespeciallyimportant
whendrivingincolderclimates.
—Iftheappropriatecoolantadditiveisnot
availableinanemergency,donotadd any
otheradditive.Youcoulddamagetheen-
gine.Ifthishappens,onlyusewaterandre-
storethecorrectmixtureratiowiththe
specifiedcoolantadditiveassoonaspossi-
ble.
—Onlyrefillwithnewcoolant.
—Radiatorsealantmustnotbemixedwith
thecoolant.
319

4M0012721BG
CheckingandFilling

—Servicedue:ifyourvehiclehasreachedaserv-
iceinterval,amessageappearsbrieflyafter
switchingtheignitionon.
—Onlyresettheoilchangeindicatoriftheoil
waschanged.
—Followingtheserviceintervalsiscriticalto
maintainingtheservicelifeandvalueof
yourvehicle,especiallytheengine.Evenif
themileageonthevehicleislow,donotex-
ceed thetimeforthenextservice.
325

4M0012721BG
Wheels

Tiredesignations

B8K-2316


Fig.268Tiredesignationsontheside-
wall
@Tiresforpassengervehicles
(ifapplicable)
"P"indicatesatireforapassenger
vehicle."T"indicatesatiredesig-
natedfortemporaryuse.
@Nominalwidth
Nominalwidthofthetirebe-
tweenthesidewallsinmillime-
ters.Ingeneral:thelargerthe
number,thewiderthetire.
@)Aspectratio
Height/widthratioexpressedasa
percentage.
@Tireconstruction
"R"indicatesaradialtire.
©)Rimdiameter
Sizeoftherimdiameterininches.
©Loadindexandspeedrating
Theloadindexindicatesthetire's
load-carryingcapacity.
Thespeedratingindicatesthe
maximumpermittedspeed.Also
see>AinGeneralinformationon
page326.
“EXTRALOAD”,“xl”or“RF”indi-
catesthatthetireisreinforcedor
isanExtraLoadtire.






Speedrat-/Maximumpermittedspeed
ing
Pupto93mph(150km/h)
Qupto99mph(160km/h)
Rupto106mph(170km/h)
Supto110mph(180km/h)
Tupto118mph(190km/h)
Uupto124mph(200km/h)
Hupto130mph(210km/h)
Vvupto149mph(240km/h)?
Zzabove149mph(240km/h)?
wupto168mph(270km/h)?
Yupto186mph(300km/h)?

@)Fortiresabove149mph(240km/h),
tiremanufacturerssometimesusethe
code“ZR”.
327

Wheels

@USDOTnumber(TIN)and
manufacturedate
Themanufacturedateislistedon
thetiresidewall(itmayonlyap-
pearontheinnersideofthetire):
DOT...2218...
means,forexample,thatthetire
wasproducedinthe22ndweekof
theyear2018.
@)AudiOriginalTires
AudiOriginalequipmenttires
withthedesignation“AO”have
beenspeciallymatchedtoyour
Audi.Whenusedcorrectly,these
tiresmeetthehigheststandards
forsafetyandhandling.Anau-
thorizedAudidealerorauthor-
izedAudiServiceFacilitywillbe
abletoprovideyouwithmorein-
formation.
@)Mudandsnowcapability
“M/S”or“M+S”indicatesthetire
haspropertiesmakingitsuitable
todriveinmudorsnow.4indi-
catesawintertire.
Compositionofthetirecord
andmaterials
Thenumberofpliesindicatesthe
numberofrubberizedfabriclay-
ersinthetire.Ingeneral:the
morelayers,themoreweighta
328
tirecancarry.Tiremanufacturers
mustalsospecifythematerials
usedinthetire.Theseinclude
steel,nylon,polyesterandother
materials.
@Maximumpermittedload
Thisnumber indicatesthemaxi-
mumloadinkilogramsand
poundsthatthetirecancarry.
@Uniformtirequalitygrade
standardsfortreadwear,
tractionandtemperature
resistance
Treadwear,tractionand tempera-
tureranges>page342.
@Runningdirection
Thearrowsindicatetherunning
directionofunidirectionaltires.
Youmustalwaysfollowthespeci-
fiedrunningdirection
>page357.
Maximumpermitted
inflationpressure
Thisnumber indicatesthemaxi-
mumpressuretowhichatirecan
beinflatedundernormaloperat-
ingconditions.