steering pump BMW 318i 1995 E36 Workshop Manual

General
Data
and



010
FundamentalsfortheDo-lt-YourselfOwner

Maintenance



020
Maintenance
Program

Engine

Transmission

Suspension,

Steering
and

Brakes

4
Body

100
Engine-General

110



Engine
Removal
and
Installation
113



Cylinder
Head
Removal
and
Installation
116



Cylinder
Head
and
Valvetrain
117



Camshaft
Timing
Chain

119



Lubrication
System

200
Transmission-General
210
Clutch
230
Manual
Transmission

510



Exterior
Trim,
Bumpers



520



Seats

Bo
y
Equipment



512
DoorWTdws



540



nr
t

513



InteriorTrim



541



Convertible
Top

515



Central
Locking
and
Anti-Theft

600



Electrical
System-General



620



Instruments

Electrical
S



stem
610
Electrical
Component
Locations



630
Exterior
Lighting

611



Wipers
and
Washers



640



Heating
and
Air
Conditioning

6



612



Switches
and
Electrical
Accessories



650



Radio

Equipment
and



720
SeatBelts

Accessories



721
Airbag
System
(SRS)

Electrical
Wiring

Diagrams

Foreword
.
...
.
.
.
..................
.
.
.
.....
.
............
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
................
.
.
.
.....
.
......
.
................
.
.
.
.....
v

Warnings
and
Cautions
.....
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
..........
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
......
.
.........
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
......
.
.
.
.
.
............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.vii

Index
..............
.
.
.
.....
.
............
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
........
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.
......
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
........
.
.
.
..
back
of
book

300



Suspension,
Steering
and



330



RearSuspension

Brakes-General



331



Final
Drive

310



Front
Suspension



340



Brakes

320



Steering
and
Wheel
Alignment

400
Body-General



411
Doors

410



Fenders,
Engine
Hood



412



Trunk
Lid

120



Ignition
System
121



Battery,Starter,
Alternator
130



Fue¡
Injection
160



Fuel
Tank
and
Fuel
Pump
170



Radiator
and
Cooling
System180



Exhaust
System

240



Automatic
Transmission
250



Gearshift
Linkage

260
Driveshaft

14
.
Unbolt
power
steering
fluid
reservoir
from
íts
mounting
bracket
.
Use
stiff
wire
to
hang
reservoir
to
one
side
.
Do
not
disconnect
fluid
lines
.

15
.
Remove
power
steering
pump
drive
belt
and
remove
pump
from
its
mounting
bracket
.
Use
stiff
wire
to
hang
pump
from
body
.

16
.
On
cars
with
automatic
transmission
remove
front
and
rear
brackets
holding
automatic
transmission
cooler
linesto
engine
.

17
.
Remove
A/C
compressor
from
its
mounting
bracket
without
disconnecting
any
refrigerantlines
.
See
Fig
.
5
.

ENGINE
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION



110-
3

21
.
Remove
front
exhaust
pipefrom
exhaust
manifold
.
See

Fig
.
6
.

22
.
Install
an
engine
lifting
device
and
raise
engine
until
its

weight
is
supported
.
Remove
nuts
and
ground
strap

from
left
and
right
engine
mounts
.

0011967

Fig
.
6
.



Front
exhaustpipe
to
exhaust
mounting
nuts
(arrows),
as
viewed
from
below
on
4-cylinder
engine
.

23
.
Carefully
raíse
engine
out
of
car,
checking
for
any
wir-
ing
harnesses,
fuel
lines,
or
mechanical
parts
that
might
become
snagged
as
engine
is
removed
.

24
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal,
noting
the
following
:

"
Replace
all
gaskets,
O-rings
and
seals
.

"
Change
engine
oil
and
filter
and
check
al¡
other
fluid
levels
.
See020
Maintenance
Program
.
"
Refill
and
bleed
cooling
system
.
See
170
Radiator
and
Cooling
System
.

"
Insta¡¡
the
front
exhaust
pipes
using
new
gaskets
and

self-locking
nuts
.
Use
copper
pasteon
threads
.
See

180
Exhaust
System
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Coolant
drain
plug
to
cylinder
block
.
25
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)

Fig
.
5
.
A/
C
compressor
mounting
bolts
(arrows)
.



"
Engine
mount
to
subframe

M8
......:...
..
..
..
......,:..
22
Nm
(17
ft
-
1b)
,

18
.
Move
A/C
compressor
out
of
way
without
distorting
or



M10
.
...
.



..
...
.
.
...........
45
Nm
(33
ft'-Ib)

damaging
any
lines
.
Support
compressor
by
hanging
it



"
Intake
manifold
to
cylinder
head

from
chassis
using
stiff
wire
.



M7
.....
.
..
...
..
..
...........
15
Nm
(11
ft-Ib)
M8
...
.
.
.
..
..
...
..
...........
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

19
.
Disconnect
wiring
from
starter
and
alternator
.
Move



`
"
Radiator
cooling
fan
to
coolant
pump40
Nm
(30
ft-Ib)

wiring
harness
out
of
way
.
See
121
Battery,
Starter,



"
Radiator
drain
screw
to
radiator
...
2
.5
Nm
(22
in-lb)

Alternator
.



"
Wiring
to
alternator
(M8
nut)
........
12
Nm
(9
ft-1b)

"
Wiring
to
starter

20
.
Remove
oil
dipstick
guide
tube
.
Note
O-ring
at
base
of



M6
nut
..
.
..
..
...
..
...........
.
:5
Nm
(44
in-lb)

tube
when
removing
.



M8
nut
..
.
..
..
...
..
............
12
Nm
(9
ft-Ib)

ENGINE
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION

110-
6



ENGINE
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION

Fig
.
12
.
Intake
manifold
mounting
nuts
on
6-cylinder
engine
.
Also
re-

move
two
bolts
from
support
brackets
(arrows)
.

17
.
Working
below
intake
manifold,
disconnect
harness

connectors
.
Cut
wire
ties
holding
engine
harness
to

bulkhead
and
disconnect
main
engine
harness
con-

nector
at
rear
of
engine
compartment
.
See
Fig
.
13
.

0013132

Fig
.
13
.
Main
engine
harness
connectors
in
rear
of
engine
compart-
ment
(arrow)
.

18
.
Remove
poly-ribbed
drive
belt(s)
.

19
.
Remove
engine
drive
belt
.
See
020
Maintenance
Pro-

gram
.

20
.
Remove
power
steering
pump
from
its
mounting
brack-

et
.
See
Fig
.
14
.
Use
stiff
wire
to
hang
pump
from
body
.

ENGINE
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION

Fig
.
14
.
Power
steering
pump
mounting
bolts
(arrows)
.
M52
engine

shown
.

21
.
Remove
A/C
compressor
from
its
mounting
bracket

without
disconnecting
any
refrigerantlines
.
See
Fig
.

15
.

Fig
.
15
.
A/
C
compressor
mounting
bolts
(arrows)
.

NOTE
-

The
guide
tube
is
sealed
in
the
pan
with
an
O-ring
.
Check
that
theO-ring
comes
out
with
the
tube
.
Use
a
new
O-ring
when
installing
the
tube
.

Fig
.
2
.



Oil
dipstick
guide
tube
mounting
nut
(arrow)
on
M44
engine
.
Use
new
O-ring
at
base
of
tube
during
installatidn
.

6
.
Install
engine
lifting
equipment
at
front
engine
lifting
point
and
raise
engine
approximately
5
mm
(
1
/4
inch)
until
engineweight
is
supported
.

7
.
Workingbeneath
car,
separate
steering
column
shaft
from
steeringrack
at
universal
joint
.

"
Point
wheels
straight
ahead
before
disconnecting
shaft

from
rack
.
Mark
steering
column
shaft
joint
to
steering

rackspíndle
.
See
320
Steering
and
Wheel
Align-

ment
.

CAUTION
-

In
order
to
avoíd
the
need
for
front-end
realign-
ment,
do
notunbolt
power
steering
rack
from
sus-
pension
crossmember
.

8
.
Supportsuspension
crossmember
(subframe)
from
be-
low
usingappropriate
jacking
equipment
.

9
.
At
left
and
right
sides,
unbolt
control
arm
bushing
carri-
ers
from
body
.
Disconnect
stabilizer
bar
links
fromcon-

trol
arms
.
See
Fig
.
3
.

LUBRICATION
SYSTEM



119-
3

0011960
Fig
.
3
.



Stabilizer
bar
link
nut
(A)
and
control
arm
bushing
carrier
bolts
(B)
.
Right
side
shows
.

10
.
Remove
bolts
from
left
and
right
sides
of
suspension
crossmember
.
RemoveM10
nuts
from
bottom
of
left
and
right
engine
mounts
.
Lower
crossmember
as
far
as

possible
.
See
Fig
.
4
.

uu1ibb4

Fig
.
4
.



Suspension
crossmember
bolts
(A)
and
lower
engine
mount-
ing
nut
(B)
.
Right
side
shows
.

11
.
Remove
clamping
brackets
holding
fuel
lines
to
oil
pan
.

12
.
On
cars
with
automatic
transmission,
remove
ATF
cool-
er
line
brackets
from
oil
pan
.

13
.
Remove
engine
drive
belt
from
power
steering
pump
.

See020
Maintenance
Program
.

14
.
Unbolt
power
steering
pumpbracket
andremove

bracket
with
pump
.
Hang
pump
from
chassis
using
wire
.

OIL
PAN

119-
4



LUBRICATION
SYSTEM

15
.
Remove
oil
pan
screws
.
Lower
andremove
oil
pan
to-

ward
rear
.



Tightening
Torques

"
Control
arm
bushing
carrier

CAUTION-



to
body(M10
bolt)
...............
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

'



lf
the
oil
pan
does
not
separate
easily
from
the
en-



"
Engine
mount
to

gine
cylinder
block,
make
sure
all
mounting
bolis



suspension
crossmember
(M10
nut)
.
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

have
been
removed
.
If
necessary,
a
few
tapswith



"
Front
suspension
crossmember
a
rubber
mallet
shouldbreak
it
free
.
Never
pry
the



to
body
.
.
..
...
..
.
....
See
310
Front
SusPension
oil
pan
loose
.
"
Oil
pan
to
engine
block
(M6
bolt)

8
.8
grade
..
....
.
...
...
.
........
10
Nm
(89
in-lb)
16
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.



10
.9
grade
...
..
.
....
..
.
.
.
.......
12
Nm
(9
ft-Ib)

"
Thoroughly
clean
all
old
gasket
material
from
mating



"
Power
steering
pump
to
bracket

surfaces
anduse
a
new
gasket
.



(self-locking
nuts)
....
..
.
....
..
.
..
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

"
Applya
small
amount
of
non-hardening
sealer
(3-



"
Power
steering
pump
bracket
to
engine

Bond
O
l209
or
equivalent)
to
oil
pan
gasket
directly



block
or
oil
pan
(self-locking
nuts)
..
.
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

below
joints
for
end
cover
and
front
timing
case
cover
.



"
Stabilizer
bar
link
to
control
arm
See
Fig
.
5
.



M8
nut
.................
...
.
...
22
Nm
(17
ft-Ib)
"
When
installing
oil
pan
to
engine,
tighten
forward



M10
nut
.....................
..
42
Nm
(31
Ib-ft)
screws
first,
then
tightenrear
.



"
Steering
column
universal
joint
"
Fill
engine
with
oil
as
described
in
020
Maintenance



to
steering
rack
spindle
(M8
bolt)
....
19
Nm
(14
ft-ib)
Program
.

0011950

Fig
.
5
.



Joint-mating
areas
at
oil
pan
gasket
where
sealer
should
be
applied
(arrows)
.
Apply
a
bead
3
mm
wideby
2
mm
high
.

OIL
PAN

WARNING
-

Always
use
new
bolis
when
mounting
the
subframe
to
the
body
.
The
one-timeonly
bolis
shouldbe
re-
placed
any
timethey
are
removed
.

NOTE-

The
oil
pickup
is
attached
to
the
oil
pan
using
self-tap-
ping
screws
.
For
this
reasonno
threading
for
the
pickup
is
present
on
new
oil
pans
.
Replace
the
seal
for
the
pickup
and
use
the
oíd
screws
to
rea
ttach
the
pickup
to
the
pan
.

Oil
pan,
removing
and
installing

(6-cylinder
engine,
1992models)

NOTE-

Cars
built
up
to
9/92
(1992models)usea
different
sus-
pension
crossmember
than
later
production
cars
.
Oil
pan
removalprocedureon
the
earlier
cars
requires
that
the
engine
be
raised
and
supportedfrom
above
.

1
.
Raise
car
and
place
securely
on
jackstands
.

2
.
Remove
splash
shield(s)
from
under
engine,
where
ap-

plicable
.

3
.
Drain
engine
oil
as
described
in
020
Maintenance
Pro-

gram
.

4
.
Remove
complete
exhaust
system
.
See180
Exhaust

System
.

5
.
Remove
air
filter
housing
complete
with
mass
air
flow

sensor
.
See
113
Cylinder
Head
Removal
and
Instal-

lation
.

6
.
Remove
alternator
cooling
duct
from
alternator
and
ra-
diator
support
.

7
.
Remove
radiator
cooling
fan
and
fan
shroud
.
Remove

radiator
securing
clips
at
top
of
radiator
.
See
170
Radi-

ator
and
Cooling
System
.

Center
the
steering
spindle
to
the
steering
rack
before
in-



NOTE-

stalling
the
steering
column
shaft
.
See
320
Steering
and



The
radiator
cooling
fan
nut(32
mm
wrench)
has
left

Wheel
Alignment
for
specific
installation
markings
and
pro-



hand
threads
.

cedures
.

8
.
Remove
air
plenum
from
rear
of
engine
compartment
.
See
640
Heating
and
Air
Conditioning
.

9
.
Release
drive
belt
tension
and
remove
alternator
drive
belt
.
Remove
A/C
compressor
drive
belt
.
See
Fig
.
6
.

B11143
Fig
.
6
.



To
remove
poly-ribbed
drive
belt,
pry
cover
from
front
of
ten-
sioner
.
Then
using
8
mm
hex
key,
turntensioner
clockwise
(arrow)
torelease
tension
and
slip
belt
off
pulleys
.

10
.
Unbolt
power
steering
reservoir
and
pull
reservoir
off
engine
mount
bracket
.

11
.
Without
disconnecting
fluid
lines,
remove
power
steer-
ing
bracket
(with
pump)
from
oil
panand
engine
block
.
See
Fig
.
7
.
Disconnect
fluid
lines
from
bracket
on
en-
gine
mount
.
Hang
pump
from
chassis
using
wire
.

12
.
Without
disconnecting
refrigerant
lines,
remove
A/C
compressor
from
engine
block
.
Hang
compressor
from
chassis
using
wire
.
See
640
Heating
and
Air
Condi-
tioning
.

13
.
Remove
oil
dipstick
guide
tube
mounting
bolt
and
re-
move
tube
.
See
Fig
.
8
.

NOTE-

The
guide
tube
is
sealed
in
the
oil
pan
with
an
O-ring
.
Check
that
the
O-ring
comes
out
with
the
tube
.
Use
anew
O-ring
when
installing
the
tube
.

14
.
On
cars
with
automatic
transmission,
remove
brackets
holding
ATF
cooler
linesto
oil
pan
and
cylinder
block
.

LUBRICATION
SYSTEM



119-
5

Fig
.
7
.



Power
steering
pump
mounting
bolts
(arrows)
.

Fig
.
8
.



Oil
dipstick
guide
tube
being
removed
.
Usea
new
O-ring
(arrow)
during
installation
.

15
.
Insta¡¡
engine
lifting
equipment
at
front
engine
lifting
point
and
raise
engine
just
until
its
weight
is
supported
.

16
.
Remove
nuts
at
bottom
of
left
and
right
engine
mounts
.
Remove
ground
wire
from
right
engine
mount
.
1-oosen
nuts
at
top
of
left
and
right
engine
mounts
(do
not
re-
move)
.

OIL
PAN

119-
6



LUBRICATION
SYSTEM

17
.
Raise
engine
as
much
as
possible
.
Check
carefully
for



22
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

obstructions,
wiring
harness
clearance
and
pinched

hoses
or
lines
as
engine
is
raised
.



"
When
installing
oil
pan,
apply
a
b



d
of
non-hardening

sealing
compound
(3-Bond
1209
0
or
equivalent)
to

18
.
Remove
oil
pan
mounting
bolts
and
lower
oil
pan
to



front
and
rear
end
cover
seam
areas
on
block
.

subframe
crossmember
.



"
Position
oil
pump
pickup
tube
and
oil
pan
onto
block

and
install
pickup
tube
using
a
new
gasket
.

"
Be
sure
tab
on
gasket
faces
down
towards
intake
of

NOTE-



pickup
tube
.
If
the
oil
pan
does
not
separate
easily
from
the
engine



"
Tightenforward
oil
pan
screws
first,
then
tighten
rear
.

cylinder
block,
afew
taps
with
arubber
mallet
should



"
Fill
engine
with
oil
as
described
in
020
Maintenance
break
it
free
.
Do
not
pry
the
oil
pan
loose
.



Program
.

"
After
adding
engine
oil,
start
and
run
engine
.
Raise
en-

19
.
Remove
oil
pump
sprocket
mounting
nut
.
See
Fig
.
9
.



gine
speed
to
2,500
rpm
until
oil
pressure
warning

Lift
sprocket
off
together
with
drive
chain
.



lampgoes
out(about
5seconds)
.

Fig
.
9
.
Oil
pump
sprocket
mounting
nut
(left-hand
thread)
on
6-cylin-



OII
pan,
removing
and
installing

derengine(arrow)
.



(6-cylinder
engine,
1993
and
later
modeis)

NOTE-

The
oíl
pump
sprocket
nut
has
left
hand
threads
.

20
.
Unbolt
oil
pump
pickup
tubefrom
oil
pump
.
Unbolt
oil

pump
from
engine
block
.
See
Oil
pump,
removing

and
installing
(6-cylinder
engine)
.

21
.
Remove
oil
pan
from
rear
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Engine
mount
to

suspension
crossmember(M10
nut)
..
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

"
Oil
pan
to
engine
block
(M6
bolt)

8
.8
grade
....
..
.
...
...
.
........
10
Nm
(89
in-lb)

10
.9
grade
.
.
..
.
..
...
.
.
.
.
.
.....
12
Nm
(106
in-lb)

"
Oil
pump
to
engine
block
.
...
...
.
..
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

"
Oil
pump
sprocket
to
oil
pump
shaft

(M1
0x1
left-hand
thread)
...
..
.
.
..
.
25
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)

"
Power
steering
pump
to
bracket

(self-locking
nuts)
.....
.
....
..
.
...
22
Nm
(16
ft-lb)

"
Power
steering
pump
bracket
to
engine

block
or
oil
pan
(self-locking
nuts)
.
..
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

NOTE-

Cars
built
after
9/92
use
a
different
suspension
cross-

member
¡han
earfier
productíon
cars
.
Oil
pan
removal

procedure
on
the
later
cars
requíres
that
the
engine
be

supported
from
aboye
and
the
front
suspension
cross-

member
be
unbolted
and
loweredfrom
the
chassis
.

1
.
Raisecar
and
place
securely
on
jackstands
.

2
.
Remove
splash
shield
fromunder
engine,
if
applicable
.

3
.
Drain
engine
oil
as
descríbed
in
020
Maintenance
Pro-

gram
.

4
.
Remove
alternator
cooling
duct
from
alternator
and
ra-

diator
support
.

119-
8



LUBRICATION
SYSTEM

17
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

"
Thoroughly
clean
all
old
gasket
material
from
mating

surtaces
anduse
a
new
gasket
.

"
Applya
small
amount
of
non-hardening
sealer
(3-Bond

1209
0
or
equivalent)
to
oil
pan
gasket
directly
below

joints
for
and
cover
and
front
timing
case
cover
.
See

Fig
.
12
.

"
Tighten
oil
pan
bolts
starting
at
front
first,
working
to-

wardback
(transmission)
end
.

"
Fill
engine
with
oil
as
described
in
020
Maintenance

Program
.

"
After
addingengine
oil,
start
and
run
engine
.
Raiseen-

gine
speed
to
2,500
rpm
until
oíl
pressure
warning

lampgoes
out
(about
5seconds)
.

OIL
PUMP

applied
(arrows)
.
Apply
a
bead
3
mm
wideby
2
mm
high
.

WARNING
-

"
Always
use
new
bolts
when
mounting
the
sub-

frame
to
the
body
.
The
one-time
only
bolts
should
be
replaced
any
timethey
are
removed
.

"
Special
installation
instructions
apply
when
in-
stalling
the
front
suspension
crossmember
to
the
body
.
See
310
Front
Suspension
for
fastener
specifications
and
tightening
torques
.

Fig
.
12
.
Joint-mating
areas
at
oil
pan
gasket
where
sealer
should
be

Center
the
steering
spindle
to
the
steering
rack
before
in-

stalling
the
steering
column
shaft
.
See
320
Steering
and

Wheel
Alignment
for
more
specific
procedures
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Control
arm
bushing
carrier

to
body
(M10
bolt)
...............
47
Nm
(35
ft-Ib)

"
Engine
mount
to

suspension
crossmember(M10
nut)
..
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

"
Oil
pan
to
engine
block
(M6
bolt)

8
.8
grade
...........
.......
....
10
Nm
(89
in-lb)

10
.9
grade
...........
..
...
...
.
12
Nm
(106
in-lb)

"
Stabilizer
bar
link

to
control
arm
(M10
nut)
.......
....
42
Nm
(31
Ib-ft)

"
Steering
column
universal
joint

to
steering
rack
spindle
(M8
bolt)
....
19
Nm
(14
ft-Ib)

"
Suspensíon
crossmember

to
body
...
...
.
...
..
.
.
See
310
Front
Suspension

OIL
PUMP

Oil
pump,
removing
and
installing

(4-cylinder
engine)

Oil
pressure
on
M42
and
M44
engines
is
generatedbya

gear-type
pump
mounted
to
the
rear
of
the
front
engine
cover

(timing
chaincase)
.
The
pump
is
gear-driven
off
the
front
of

the
crankshaft
.

NOTE-

Oil
pump
removal
requires
lowering
of
the
front
sus-

pension
and
removal
of
the
oil
pan,
as
well
asremoval
of
the
timing
chain
assembly
.

1
.
Disconnect
negative
(-)
battery
cable
from
battery
.

CAUTION-

Prior
to
disconnectiog
the
battery,
read
the
battery
disconnection
cautions
given
at
the
front
of
this
manual
on
paga
vÍii
.

2
.
Drain
engine
oil
as
described
in
020
Maintenance
Pro-

gram
.

3
.
Withengine
cold,
drain
coolant
.
See
170
Radiator
and

Cooling
System
.

4
.
Remove
top
cover
from
oil
filter
housing
to
allow
engine

oil
to
drain
into
oil
pan
.
Remove
oil
pan
as
described

earlier
.
Reinstall
oil
filter
cover
.

5
.
Remove
alternator
.
Unbolt
power
steering
pump
from

bracket,
then
remove
alternator
mountíng
bracket
.
See

121
Battery,
Starter,
Alternator
.

6
.
Remove
crankshaft
vibration
damper
andhub
.
Then
re-

move
upper
and
lower
timing
chain
covers,
complete

timingchain,
chain
sprockets
and
chain
guides
.
See

117
Camshaft
Tíming
Chain
.

300-2



SUSPENSION,
STEERING
AND
BRAKES-GENERAL

Steering

INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS

The
steering
linkage
connects
the
rack-and-pinion
unit
through
tie
rodsto
the
steering
arms
.
The
tie
rod
ends
allow
the
wheels
to
pivot
and
react
to
suspension
travel
.

Rear
Suspension

The
rear
axle
carrier
is
the
main
mounting
point
for
the
final

drive
housing
and
the
rear
suspension
components
.

Trailing
arms
locatethe
rear
wheels
and
anchorthe
springs,

shocks
and
stabilizer
bar
.
Driveaxies
with
constant-velocity

(CV)
joints
at
both
ends
transfer
power
from
the
differential
to

the
road
wheels
.
The
differential
is
mounted
to
the
rearaxle

carrier
through
rubber
mountsand
bushings
to
hele
isolate

drivetrain
noise
and
vibration
.

Brakes

E36
cars
areequipped
with
power
disc
brakes
with
an
inte-
gral
antilock
brakes
(ABS)
.
The
parking
brake
is
a
dual-drum

system
integrated
with
the
rear
brake
rotors
.
See
Fig
.
3
.

Power
assist
is
provided
by
a
vacuum
booster
when
the
en-

gine
is
running
.
The
brakepedal
pushrod
is
connected
directly

to
the
master
cylinder,
so
failure
of
the
vacuum
booster
does

not
normally
result
in
total
brake
failure
.

0012124



Each
disc
brakeuses
a
caliper
with
a
single
hydraulic
cylin-
Fig
.
2
.



Front
suspension
control
arm
(arrow)
.



der
.
Brake
pads
in
the
left
front
and
right
rear
contain
wear

sensors
.
When
the
padsneed
replacement,the
sensors
illu-
The
front
suspension
is
designed
with
minimum
positive



minate
a
light
on
the
dashboard
.
steering
offset
.
This
geometry
contributes
to
stability
when

traction
is
unequalfrom
side
to
side
.
Suspension
travel
is
lim-



Tires
and
Wheels
ited
by
rubber
bump
stops
.

The
three
point
mounting
of
each
L-shaped
control
arm
ere-



Tiresize
is
critica¡
to
the
proper
operatíon
of
the
E36
ABS
or

cisely
controls
the
front-to-rear
and
side-to-side
position
of
the



ABS/AST
system
.
Severa¡
different
styles
of
wheels,
in
15,16

strut,
while
the
flexibility
of
the
joints
and
mounts
alsoallows



and
17
inch
diameters,
are
available
from
an
authorized
BMW

the
movement
necessary
for
suspension
travel
.
The
control



dealer
.

arm
mounting
points
are
designed
with
anti-dive
geometry
.

The
suspension
reduces
the
normaltendency
for
the
front
of



NOTE-
the
vehicle
to
dive
under
hard
braking
.



Aftermarket
wheelsshould
be
selected
wlth
care
.
Im-
properly
fitted
wheels
can
contact
anddamage
sus

Control
arm
position
is
fixed,
with
no
adjustment
provisions



pension,
brakeorbodycomponentsandmayadversely

on
the
control
arms
for
alter¡ng
front
wheel
al
ignment
.
A
stabi-



affect
vehicle
stability
.

lizer
bar
mounted
to
both
control
arms
heles
to
reduce
body
rol¡
whencomering
.



INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS

Antilock
Brake
System
(ABS)
is
standard
on
all
E36
cars
.

The
variable-assist
power
steering
system
consists
of
an



Standard
on
some
models
and
installed
as
optional
equipment
on

engine-driven
hydraulic
pump,
a
rack-and-pinion
type
steer-



others,
is
All
Season
Traction
(AST)
.

ing
gear,
and
connecting
linkage
to
the
road
wheels
.
TheE36
utilizes
an
engine-speed
dependent
variable
effort
steering



Antilock
Brake
System
(ABS)

system
.
At
low
speeds,
maximum
power
assist
is
provided
to
ease
parking
and
city
driving
.
Athigh
speeds,
assist
is
re-



The
electronically-controlled
ABS
maintains
vehícle
stabili
duced
to
ensure
stability
.



ty
and
control
during
emergency
braking
by
preventing
wheel
lock-up
.
ABS
provides
optimum
deceleration
and
stability
dur-

300-6



SUSPENSION,
STEERING
AND
BRAKES-GENERAL

BATTE
RY

KL
30

ECM
MAIN
C~
RELAY



KL
15

DSC
SWITCH

LF1
;1~lZZ~



nSLn

l'
z
sJ



WHEEL

RF

c_
.

LR

r_
.
>
RR

ELECTRONIC
BRAKE
LIGHT
SWITCH

SPEED

SENSORS

Fig
.
7
.



Schematic
of
AII
Season
Traction
(AST)
system
.

INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS

EDC

POWER
SUPPLY



SOLENOID
RELAY
GROUND
CONTROL

POWER
SUPPLY
I'
1
ABS
PUMP

GROUND
CONTROLÍ
F



f
iJ
RELAY

INLET
(4X)
wxxuw
OUTLET
(4X)



-=-=--



AST
AST
INTAKE
IHYDRAULIC
-
=-

SWITCHING
=---

!
99001
!J

WHEEL
SPEED
X
4

DME
II

000001
-
f



1
UNIT

AGS

IKE
&
DMEI
PARK
BREVE

771
SWITCH

M
ALTERNATOR



AUXILIARY
THROTTLE

r
`



INDICATOR



POSITION
MOTOR
(ADS)

ABSPUMP



DIAGNOSIS

RELAY



lu~~~b

0013027