BMW 328Ci CONVERTIBLE 2000 E46 Owner's Manual

Overview
Controls and features
Operation, care
and maintenance
Owner service procedures
Technical data
Index Advanced technology
171n
IndexDataTechnologyRepairsCar careControlsOverview
Adaptive Transmission Control
(ATC)172
Airbags173
Dynamic Stability Control
(DSC)173
Radio reception174
Safety belt tensioner174
Interior rearview mirror with
automatic dimmer175
Rain sensor176
Tire Pressure Control (RDC)177
Self-diagnostics178
Rollover protection system179
Xenon lamps179
Technology

172n
For vehicles with automatic transmis-
sion
*, Adaptive Transmission Control
(ATC) makes the optimum gear selec-
tion based on a number of factors. In
this process, it considers your individ-
ual driving style as well as current
driving conditions.
ATC recognizes your personal driving
style from the positions and movements
of the accelerator pedal, deceleration
when braking, and lateral acceleration
through curves. ATC makes the appro-
priate selection based on various shift
characteristics, which range from com-
fort- to performance-oriented.
46cus020
In order to include driving conditions in
its calculations, ATC registers curves
and both uphill and downhill gradients.
For example, if you maintain speed
through a curve, the transmission does
not shift up.
On uphill gradients, it shifts up only
when the engine speed increases in
order to make more efficient use of
power reserves. On downhill gradients,
ATC shifts down when the speed of the
vehicle increases and the driver must
apply the brakes.
ATC
*

173n
IndexDataTechnologyRepairsCar careControlsOverview
Deceleration sensors continuously
monitor the acceleration forces acting
upon the vehicle. If, as the result of a
frontal collision, a deceleration is
reached at which the protection of the
safety belts alone is no longer ade-
quate, the gas generators of the driver
and passenger-front airbags are ignited.
However, the passenger-side airbag is
only triggered if an additional sensor
has recognized that the passenger seat
is occupied.
In the event of a side collision, the
side airbags in the front are triggered
if necessary. 390de012
The airbags located under the marked
covers inflate and unfold in a matter of
a few milliseconds. In this process, they
tear through the designed separation
points of the upholstered covers or
press them out.
Because the inflation process must be
virtually instantaneous, it is necessarily
accompanied by a certain amount of
ignition and inflation noise. The gas
required to inflate the airbags is not
dangerous, and the smoke associated
with it dissipates.
The entire process is completed within
fractions of a second.Highly sensitive sensors monitor the
wheel speeds, steering angle, lateral
acceleration, brake pressure and the
movement of the vehicle around its
vertical axis.
If differences in the wheel speeds occur,
the system counteracts the danger of
wheelspin by reducing torque. If neces-
sary, the system also responds with
additional brake applications at the
rear wheels.
In addition, DSC permanently monitors
the vehicle's current operating condition
and compares it with an ideal condition
that is calculated from the sensor sig-
nals. If deviations from this occur (un-
dersteering or oversteering, for in-
stance), DSC can stabilize the vehicle in
fractions of a second by reducing engine
output and with the assistance of brak-
ing intervention at individual wheels.
As a result, most skids can be preven-
ted from their very onset.
You may need some time to become
accustomed to this system intervention.
However, it provides optimum drive
force and vehicle stability.
The braking intervention may be
accompanied by sounds specific to
the system.
Airbags DSC

174n
Radio reception Safety belt tensionerThe AM frequency bands (medium-
wave, long-wave and short-wave)
make it possible to receive stations
from a great distance, because the
broadcast signals travel not only along
the ground as surface waves, but also
as atmospheric waves that are re-
flected from the ionosphere.
Frequency-modulation (FM) provides
substantially better sound quality than
the other frequencies. However,
because FM transmissions rely on line-
of-sight broadcast waves, their effec-
tive reception range is limited. 360de084
The limitations inherent to radio recep-
tion in a moving vehicle have been min-
imized by a number of innovative sys-
tem designs:
The "Radio Data System" (RDS) makes
sure that, for stations broadcasting on
several frequencies, the radio automati-
cally tunes to the frequency with the
best reception quality.
With the Diversity Antenna system, sev-
eral FM antennas are integrated within
the convertible top compartment lid to
provide three separate sources for re-
ceiving broadcast waves. An integral
processor automatically selects the an-
tenna with the best FM reception qual-
ity at any given time. The selection of
the antenna takes place within millisec-
onds, and is therefore not noticed by
the radio listener.The safety belt tensioners respond to
severe head-on collisions by tightening
the belts to ensure that occupants
remain firmly positioned in their seats.
A gas-pressure system retracts the
buckle assembly to tension the shoul-
der and lap belts within fractions of a
second. This reduces the tendency to
slide under the lap belt.
390de330

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IndexDataTechnologyRepairsCar careControlsOverview
Interior rearview mirror with automatic dimmer
*
The interior rearview mirror with auto-
matic dimming feature reduces glare by
adapting the intensity of the reflected
images to correspond to levels of light
registered by the unit's sensors. The
mirror reverts to its undimmed setting
as soon as the light source disappears.
One light sensor is mounted on the front
of the mirror housing. This sensor, the
one that is directed forward, measures
light intensity in the area ahead of the
vehicle. The second sensor is inte-
grated within the mirror's glass. The
electronic control system compares the
light intensity from front and rear. The
difference provides the basic parameter
used to modulate an electrical current
and induce chemical changes in a semi-
solid layer incorporated in the lens.46cus036
The semisolid reacts chemically to this
electrical current, dimming the mirror
through an infinitely-variable range
(electrochromic technology).
As a result, it is no longer necessary to
dim the mirror manually, and the driver
can concentrate completely on traffic
conditions.

176n
Rain sensor
*
Depending on how wet the windshield
is, the rain sensor controls the opera-
tion of the windshield wipers.
Infrared light is carried along the sur-
face of the windshield in an optical con-
ductor in such a manner that it is re-
flected completely when the windshield
is dry. The quantity of reflected light is
measured.
If there is moisture on the glass, the
amount of light reflected is reduced
since the infrared light at the surface of
the windshield can escape. The quan-
tity of reflected light is thus a means of
gauging the degree of wetness on the
windshield.390de133
When the system is set to the "Intermit-
tent" wiper speed, the wipers react im-
mediately – if water is splashed onto the
windshield by vehicles traveling ahead
of you, for example. As a result, the rain
sensor contributes to driving safety and
comfort.

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IndexDataTechnologyRepairsCar careControlsOverview
Tire Pressure Control (RDC)
*
This system regularly checks tire pres-
sure and monitors all four tires even
while driving, so you don't have to.
Behind the valve stem in every wheel,
there is an electronic chip that is de-
signed for severe-duty applications
and long service life. It contains a
pressure sensor, a transmitter and a
battery. The pressure is measured in
extremely short time intervals and then
transmitted by a radio signal. If an
irregularity is detected, the transmis-
sion rate is increased. 46cde078
There is an antenna located right near
every wheel in the vehicle body. Each
antenna picks up signals from its re-
spective wheel. A central electronics
system evaluates all four signals and
forwards any changes. The RDC pro-
vides an important contribution to
driving safety.

178n
Self-diagnostics All of the important electrical and elec-
tronic systems in the vehicle are tested
regularly and automatically; the driver
does not have to perform any extra
operations or adjustments.
The indicator lamps come on briefly
when the ignition is switched on.
While you are driving, the functional
status of the actuator motors (for the
windshield wipers, power windows,
seats, etc.) is constantly analyzed by
current measurements in their relays. 46cde052
In the same manner, the electrical re-
sistance of the airbag ignition genera-
tors and all of the remaining airbag
components is measured at all times.
Any fault in this system would be de-
tected immediately by a current fluctua-
tion that would necessarily accompany
it. The fault would be indicated immedi-
ately by the airbag warning lamp.
Even after you shut off the engine, the
overall functional status of your vehicle
is being monitored. For example, all of
the flaps for the heating and ventilation
system travel to the nearest limit posi-
tion. This action ensures that in any
case, the defrosting function will remain
intact, even if a malfunction in the auto-
matic climate control should occur dur-
ing the night while the vehicle is parked.
A calibration cycle runs every tenth time
the engine is shut off. During this cycle,
the actuator motors of all the heating
and ventilation flaps travel to their limit
stops in both directions. The limit posi-
tions and the return travel paths are
checked in this manner in order to en-
sure that appropriate adjustments for
the operating elements can be made at
any time.The sounds the automatic climate con-
trol makes as it carries out its self-diag-
nostics are noticeable because of the
noise that the ventilation flaps make af-
ter the ignition has been switched off.
All of the other self-diagnostics func-
tions operate silently in the back-
ground.
Any possible defects detected during
these self-diagnostics can be read out
by your BMW center and quickly cor-
rected during the vehicle's next regu-
larly scheduled maintenance.

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IndexDataTechnologyRepairsCar careControlsOverview
Rollover protection syste
m
Xenon lamps
*
The rollover protection system offers
additional protection apart from the air-
bags and safety belts. The system has
highly sensitive sensors that react im-
mediately upon detecting an unstable
vehicle condition, i.e. when the vehicle
is tilted to a critical degree, or if the
wheels are not making proper ground
contact. In this kind of situation, the
protective bar in each rear head
restraint is triggered.
Xenon lamps illuminate the side and
front areas of the vehicle with signifi-
cantly more brightness and uniformity
than the traditional halogen lamp.
In a xenon lamp, an electric arc re-
places the filament in order to generate
intense illumination. A gas mixture in a
quartz glass tube with metal vapor is
ignited by a high electric voltage. The
arc that is generated is then sustained
by a lower voltage. When the lamp is
turned on there is a brief warm-up
period. Maximum brightness is attained
in approx. 15 seconds.
390de134
Xenon lamps provide significantly im-
proved visibility, especially during ad-
verse weather and poor driving condi-
tions e.g. driving at night in heavy rain
or through road repair areas where
there are no lane markers.
Vehicles with xenon lamps are equipped
with automatic headlamp range control.
As a result, the highway is always opti-
mally lighted, regardless of road condi-
tions, and drivers in oncoming traffic are
not blinded.
Xenon lamps make a significant contri-
bution to highway safety since pedestri-
ans and other highway users, bicyclists
and motorcyclists in the right lane, are
more easily detected.

180n