Camshaft position BMW 540i 1998 E39 Repair Manual

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Camshaft Timing Chain
1 VANOS I 4 When engine is started, camshafts are in deactivated
camshaft
retarded Engine I i oil supply
position:
. lntalte camshaft is held in RETARDED position by oil
pressure.
Exhaust camshaft is held in ADVANCED position by
preload spring and oil pressure.
VANOS
Piston out
ECM Piston in Within 2
- 5
seconds (50 engine revolutions), the ECM begins
monitoring and controlling camshaft positions.
The Double VANOS system allows full variability of camshaft
timing up to the limits of the system. When the ECM detects
that the camshafts are in optimum position, the solenoids are
modulated at approximately 100
- 220 Hz to maintain oil pres-
sure on both sides of the actuator pistons to maintain timing.
In models with DME
MS 43.0 (model year2001 and newer),
the engine control module (ECM) detects camshaft position
before the engine starts, thereby adjusting camshaft timing
immediately upon start-up.
NOTE-
. VANOS system troubleshooting and diagnostics is best
accomplished using a scan tool.
. Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) pertaining to the
VANOS system are listed
in the following table. See also
OED On-Board Diagnostics.
Elevated oil temperatures can cause VANOS to deactivate.
Oil that is too thick (high viscosity) may cause
a DTC to be
set
in the ECM. If VANOS is deactivated (limp-home
mode), there will be a noticeable loss of power.
VANOS fault codes
BMW code P-code Fault description
19
PI529 VANOS solenoid valve activation,
exhaust
21
PI525 VANOS solenoid valve activation,
intake
103
PI519 VANOS faulty reference value
intake
104
PI520 VANOS faulty reference value
exhaust
105
PI522 VANOS stuck (Bank I) intake
106
PI523 VANOS stuck (Bank 2) exhaust

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1 17-36
Camshaft Timing Chain
1 Double VANOS control unit
1. BoltM6
2. Exhaust camshaft position
sensor
3. Sealing ring
4. Camshaft end sealing plug
-tighten to 50 Nm (37 ft-lb)
5. Camshaft seal cap
6. VANOS hydraulic piston set
screw -CAUTION: left hand
thread -tighten to
10 Nm
(89 in-lb)
7. Nut M7 -tighten to
14 Nm
(1 0 ft-lb)
8. Engine lifting hook
9. Stud M7
10. Nut
M6 -tighten to 10 Nm
(89 lb-in)
11. Gasket
12. Cylinder head
13. Sealing ring
14. Intake camshaft sensol
15. Bolt M6
16. VANOS control unit
17. Copper sealing ring
18. VANOS oil feed line
19. Banjo bolt -tighten to 32 Nm
(24ft-lb)

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11 7-39
Camshaft Timing Chain
4 Cover oil hole in VANOS control unit (arrow) with shop towel
to capture oil which will spray when compressed air line is
connected.
- Connect compressed air line to air fitting. Apply air pressure
set to
2 - 8 bar (30 - 110 psi).
4 With compressed air line connected, turn engine clocltwise
using crankshaft center bolt at least two rotations, until cylin-
der
1 is at (TDC) position (intake and exhaust carnshafl lobes
as shown arrows).
Do not rotate engine
countercloclwise to reach the top dead
centerposition. Instead, complete another two complete
Remove sealing plug from bore under starter. Lock
crank-
shafl in TDC position with BMW special tool 11 2 300
(arrow).
-
4 Unscrew and remove threaded studs (arrows) at rear of
cylinder head.

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. .. ~-
Camshaft Timing Chain -
4 Secure camshafts in TDC position using BMW special tool
set
11 3 240.
- Disconnect compressed air line, leaving compressed air fit-
ting attached to VANOS control unit.
NOTE -
Oil will drain from pressure line. Have a container and rags
ready
4 Unscrew sealing plugs from VANOS control unit (arrows).
NOTE-
Oil will drain from sealing plug bores. Have a container and
rags ready
4 Pull sealing caps straight out of VANOS control unit with
BMW special tool 11 6 170, or with short nose pliers.
NOTE-
Additional oil may drain from VANOS control unit.
4 Remove set screws (left-hand thread) on ends of intake and
exhaust camshafts.
NOTE-
Set screws have left hand threads. Remove with a clockwise
motion.

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Camshaft Timing Chain
- Connect electrical harness connectors to camshaft position
sensors and VANOS solenoid valves.
- Remove BMW special locking tools from rear of cylinder
head.
- Remove cranltshaft locking tool and replace sealing plug.
Install intake camshaft baffle and cylinder head cover.
Checlc for correct seating of half-moon seals (A) in back of
cylinder head cover.
Use a small amount of Three Bond 1209
O or equivalent
sealant at corners
(B) of half-moon cutouts.
Similarly, seat gasket and
seal corners in front of cylinder
head, at VANOS control unit.
Tightening torque
Cylinder head cover to cylinder head
(M6) 10 Nm (89 in-lb)
- Remainder of installation is reverse of removal.
Tightening torques
Radiator fan (viscous clutch) to
coolant pump 40
Nm (30 ft-lb)
Spark plug to cylinder head
25 Nrn (18 ft-lb)
VANOS timing, checking and adjusting
(M52 TU and M54 engines)
Use this procedure to check and, if necessary, adjust cam-
shaft timing. This procedure assumes that the cylinder head
cover and intake
camshaft plastic baffle have been removed.
Also, be sure the cooling fan and the spark plugs have been
removed.
Remove primary camshaft chain tensioner cylinder
(arrow).
~~ ~ ~~ ~--~
CA UTlOAC
Primary camshaft chain tensioning piston is under spring
pressure.

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Camshaft Timing chain1
< With compressed air line connected, turn engine at least
twice in direction of rotation until cylinder
1 intake and ex-
haust camshaft lobes (arrows) face each other.
Do not rotate engine counterclockwise to reach the top dead
center position. Instead, complete another two complete ro-
Remove sealing plug from bore at bellhousing. Secure crank-
shaft in
TDC position with BMW special tool 11 2 300 (ar-
row).
- Remove cylinder head cover studs at rear of cylinder head.
< Place BMW special tool 11 3 240 over camshafts ends and
measure clearance of tool to cylinder head surface.
NOTE-
If the exhaust side of the tool (A) is not flush with the head,
adjust camshaft timing as described below.
Due to flexible sprocket design and VANOS control unit tol-
erances and play, the
intake side of special tool 11 3 240
(B) may be up to 1 mm (0.04 in) above the surface of the
cylinder head. This is normal. Reassemble engine. Other-
wise, adjust camshaft timing as described below.
- Remove double VANOS control unit. See VANOS control
unit, removing
(M52 TU and M54 engines).
< Press down on secondary chain tensionerand lock into place
using BMW special tool
11 3 292 or equivalent pin or drift.

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Camshaft Timing chain]
4 Pull out exhaust camshaft splined shaft to stop.
- Make sure camshafts are secured in TDC position using
BMW soecial tools 11 3 240 and 11 3 244.
4 Preload primary chain tensioning rail:
Tighten adjusting screw on
BMW special tool 11 4 220.
Tightening torque
Primary chain tensioner preload
0.7 Nm (6 in-lb)
4 Preload exhaust camshaft spring plate by pressing on im-
pulse wheel. Tighten mounting nuts
(arrows) by hand. Do
not tighten fully.

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... -.
rpp- --- Camshaft Timing Chain1
Timing chains, installing
(M52 TU and M54 engines)
CAUTIOI\C
The procedure outlined below assumes that the camshaits
are lockedin the
TDC installation position with speciallocling
tools as shown earliel:
- inspect timing chain sprockets. Inspect guide rail and ten-
sioner rail for damage. Replace any part that is worn
or dam-
aged.
NOTE-
If any sprockets are being replaced due to wear, the chain
should also be replaced.
4 Primary timing chain assembly
1. Primary chain tensioner
2. Chain tensioner rail
3. Cranltshaft sprocket
4. Exhaust camshaft sprocket
5. Primary chain
6. Anchor bolt
7. Guide rail
8. Anchor bolt
9. Woodruff key
- Install primary timing chain to crankshaft sprocltet and hang
upper end from exhaust camshaft.
- If necessary, replace crankshaft radial seal in cover. See
Crankshaft oil seal, replacing (M52 TU and M54 engines).

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(camshaft Timing Chain
- To install lower timing case cover:
- Clean cover and cylinder block sealing surfaces
Use new
gaskets and coolant pipe O-ring.
Remove timing chain cover dowel pins from engine block.
Drive timing cover dowels in until they just protrude slightly
from sealing surface.
Apply a small bead of silicon sealer (Three Bond 1209
63
or equivalent) to corners of cylinder head where timing
cover meets cylinder head and engine block.
Tap cover into position until firmly seated.
lnstall all bolts hand tight, including two Torx bolts from
above.
Install secondary chain lower guide.
Tighten cover mounting bolts alternately and in stages.
Tightening torque
Lower timing cover to cylinder
bloclc (M6) 10 Nrn (89 in-lb)
- Install oil pan with new gasket. See 119 Lubrication Sys-
tem.
Tightening torque
Oil pan
to engine bloclc (M6)
8.8 grade
10.9 grade 10 Nrn (89 in-lb)
12 Nm
(9 ft-lb)
- Align damper assembly with lteyway and tap into place. In-
sert new center bolt with washer.
CAUTION-
Inspect woodruff key for damage before installing hub
assembly.
- Attach special tools 11 8 20011 1 8 190 to damper assembly.
Counterhold damper with
11 8 190 while tightening center
bolt.
CAUTION-
Do not use BMW special tool 1 I 2 300 to hold crankshaft
stationary to tighten cranl(shaft hub center bolt. Use only
the special tools specified, or equivalent hub holding tool.
Have a second person hold special tool
11 8 190 while
tightening center crankshaft bolt.
Tightening torque Crankshaft hub to crankshaft 410 Nrn
(300
ft-lb)

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Camshaft Timing chain/
Fit top sprocltet to primary timing chain and install on exhaust
camshaft so that pointer (arrow) on sprocltet lines up with
cylinder head sealing surface.
Position sprocket so that chain slack is on tensioner rail side.
4 Insert BMW special tool 11 4 220 in cylinder head and screw
in adjustment screw
by hand just until it contacts tensioning
rail and chain slack is removed.
NOTE-
BMW special tool 71 4 220 is an adjustable primary chain
tensioner that simulates the function of the tensioner.
- Make sure arrow on top primary sprocket is still lined up with
upper edge of cylinder head. Reposition sprocket if neces-
sary.