check engine BUICK LACROSSE 2010 Owner's Guide
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: BUICK, Model Year: 2010, Model line: LACROSSE, Model: BUICK LACROSSE 2010Pages: 414
Page 373 of 414

Service and Maintenance 10-3
If the engine oil life system is reset
accidentally, service the vehicle
within 5 000 km/3,000 miles since
the last service. Reset the oil life
system whenever the oil is changed.
SeeEngine Oil Life System
on
page 9‑13.
When the Change Engine Oil Soon
message displays, certain services,
checks, and inspections are
required. The services described
for Maintenance Ishould be
performed at every engine oil
change. The services described
for Maintenance IIshould be
performed when:
.Maintenance Iwas performed
the last time the engine oil was
changed.
.It has been 10 months or more
since the Change Engine Oil
Soon message has displayed or
since the last service.
Maintenance I
.Change engine oil and filter.
SeeEngine Oilon page 9‑11.
An Emission Control Service.
.Engine coolant level check. See
Engine Coolant on page 9‑18.
.Windshield washer fluid level
check. See Washer Fluidon
page 9‑23.
.Tire inflation check. See Tire
Pressure on page 9‑53.
.Tire wear inspection. See Tire
Inspection on page 9‑59.
.Rotate tires. See Tire Rotationon page 9‑59.
.Fluids visual leak check
(or every 12 months, whichever
occurs first). A leak in any
system must be repaired and
the fluid level checked.
.Engine air cleaner filter
inspection (vehicles driven
in dusty conditions only).
SeeEngine Air Cleaner/Filter
on
page 9‑15.
.Brake system inspection
(or every 12 months, whichever
occurs first).
Maintenance II
.Perform all services described in
MaintenanceI.
.Steering and suspension
inspection. Visual inspection for
damaged, loose, or missing
parts or signs of wear.
.Engine cooling system
inspection. Visual inspection
of hoses, pipes, fittings, and
clamps and replacement,
if needed.
Page 374 of 414

10-4 Service and Maintenance
.Windshield wiper blade
inspection for wear, cracking,
or contamination and windshield
and wiper blade cleaning,
if contaminated. SeeExterior
Care
on page 9‑82. Worn or
damaged wiper blade
replacement. See Wiper Blade
Replacement on page 9‑29.
.Body hinges and latches, key
lock cylinders, folding seat
hardware, and sunroof
(if equipped) lubrication.
See Recommended Fluids and
Lubricants
on page 10‑7.
More frequent lubrication may
be required when vehicle is
exposed to a corrosive
environment. Applying silicone
grease on weatherstrips with a
clean cloth makes them last
longer, seal better, and not stick
or squeak.
.Restraint system component
check. See Safety System
Check on page 2‑23.
.Automatic transmission fluid
level check and adding fluid,
if needed. See Automatic
Transmission Fluid
on
page 9‑15.
.Engine air cleaner filter
inspection. See Engine Air
Cleaner/Filter on page 9‑15.
.Passenger compartment air
filter replacement (or every
12 months, whichever occurs
first). More frequent replacement
may be required if vehicle is
driven regularly under dusty
conditions.
Additional Required Services
At Each Fuel Stop
.Engine oil level check. See
Engine Oil on page 9‑11.
.Engine coolant level check. See
Engine Coolant on page 9‑18.
.Windshield washer fluid level
check. See Washer Fluidon
page 9‑23.
Once a Month
.Tire inflation check. See Tire
Pressure on page 9‑53.
.Tire wear inspection. See Tire
Inspection on page 9‑59.
Once a Year
.See Starter Switch Checkon
page 9‑27.
.See Automatic Transmission
Shift Lock Control System
Check on page 9‑27.
Page 375 of 414

Service and Maintenance 10-5
.SeeIgnition Transmission Lock
Check on page 9‑28.
.See Park Brake and P (Park)
Mechanism Checkon
page 9‑28.
.Engine cooling system and
pressure cap pressure check.
Radiator and air conditioning
condenser outside cleaning.
See Cooling System
on
page 9‑17.
.Exhaust system and nearby heat
shields inspection for loose or
damaged components.
.Accelerator pedal check for
damage, high effort, or binding.
Replace if needed.
First Engine Oil Change After
Every 40 000 km/25,000 Miles
.Fuel system inspection for
damage or leaks. First Engine Oil Change After
Every 80 000 km/50,000 Miles
.Engine air cleaner filter
replacement. See
Engine Air
Cleaner/Filter on page 9‑15.
.Automatic transmission fluid
change (severe service) for
vehicles mainly driven in heavy
city traffic in hot weather,
in hilly or mountainous terrain,
when frequently towing a
trailer, or used for taxi,
police, or delivery service.
See Automatic Transmission
Fluid on page 9‑15.
First Engine Oil Change After
Every 160 000 km/100,000 Miles
.Automatic transmission fluid
change (normal service).
See Automatic Transmission
Fluid on page 9‑15.
.Spark plug replacement and
spark plug wires inspection.
An Emission Control Service. First Engine Oil Change After
Every 240 000 km/150,000 Miles
.Engine cooling system drain,
flush, and refill, cooling system
and cap pressure check, and
cleaning of outside of radiator
and air conditioning condenser
(or every 5 years, whichever
occurs first). See
Cooling
System
on page 9‑17.
An Emission Control Service.
.Engine accessory drive belt
inspection for fraying, excessive
cracks, or obvious damage
and replacement, if needed.
An Emission Control Service.
Page 376 of 414

10-6 Service and Maintenance
ServiceMaintenanceIMaintenance
II
Change engine oil and filter. Reset oil life system. ••
Engine coolant level check. ••
Windshield washer fluid level check. ••
Tire inflation pressures check. ••
Tire wear inspection. ••
Rotate tires. ••
Fluids visual leak check. ••
Engine air cleaner filter inspection (vehicles driven in dusty conditions only). ••
Brake system inspection. ••
Steering and suspension inspection. •
Engine cooling system inspection. •
Windshield wiper blades inspection. •
Body components lubrication. •
Restraint system components check. •
Automatic transmission fluid level check. •
Engine air cleaner filter inspection (vehicles not driven in dusty conditions). •
Passenger compartment air filter replacement. •
Page 385 of 414

Technical Data 11-3
ApplicationCapacities
Metric English
Fuel Tank
AWD 74.0 L 19.5 gal
FWD 70.5 L 18.6 gal
Transmission Fluid* (Drain and Refill)
2.4L L4 Engine, 6–Speed Automatic 8.0 L 8.5 qt
3.0L V6 Engine, All Wheel Drive, 6–Speed Automatic 9.0 L 9.5 qt
3.0L V6 Engine, Front Wheel Drive, 6–Speed Automatic 9.0 L 9.5 qt
3.6L V6 Engine, 6–Speed Automatic 9.0 L 9.5 qt
Wheel Nut Torque 150 Y110 ft lb
*See Automatic Transmission Fluid
on page 9‑15for information on checking fluid level.
All capacities are approximate. When adding, be sure to fill to the approximate level, as recommended in this
manual. Recheck fluid level after filling.
Page 403 of 414

INDEX i-1
A
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Adaptive Forward Lighting (AFL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Add-On Electrical
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-60
Adding Equipment to the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle . . . . . 2-38
Adjustments
Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . . 9-15
Air Filter, Passenger Compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Air Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Airbag System
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
How Does an AirbagRestrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32 Airbag System (cont.)
What Makes an Airbag
Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
What Will You See After
an Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . 2-27
Airbags
Adding Equipment to theVehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
Passenger Status Indicator . . . 4-16
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Alarm System Anti-Theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Antenna Satellite Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Anti-Theft
Alarm System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Alarm System Messages . . . . . 4-37 Antilock Brake
System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-82
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-86
Assistance Program,
Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6
Audio Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20 CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Audio System
Backglass Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Radio Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Theft-Deterrent Feature . . . . . . . . 6-2
Automatic Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Automatic Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Automatic Transmission . . . . . . . 8-27 Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Shiftlock Control SystemCheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Auxiliary Devices . . . . . . . . 6-28, 6-31
Page 404 of 414

i-2 INDEX
B
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-75
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Voltage and ChargingMessages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . 9-29
Bluetooth . . . . 6-42, 6-43, 6-46, 6-57
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . 8-17
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-37
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5, 9-35
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Headlamps, Front TurnSignal and Parking
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33 Bulb Replacement (cont.)
High Intensity Discharge
(HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
License Plate Lamps . . . . . . . . . 9-36
Taillamps, Turn Signal,
Stoplamps, and Back-Up
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-61
C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
California Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 8-51
Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Camera, Rear Vision . . . . . . . . . . 8-46
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . iv
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 Cautions, Danger, and
Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
CD DVD Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
CD Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Center Console Storage . . . . . . . . 3-1
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-67
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . 4-17
Check Engine Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Ignition Transmission Lock . . . 9-28
Child Restraints Infants and YoungChildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . 2-48
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-55, 2-57
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45
Where to Put the Restraint . . . 2-46
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38
Cleaning
Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-82
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-86
Page 406 of 414

i-4 INDEX
Dual Automatic ClimateControl System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
DVD Rear Seat EntertainmentSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34
DVD/CD Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
E
Electric Parking Brake Light . . . 4-20
Electrical Equipment, Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-60
Electrical System Engine Compartment Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-43
Electronic Stability Control . . . . . 8-35
Electronic Stability Control Indicator Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22 Engine
Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Check and Service Engine
Soon Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . . 9-6
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
Coolant Temperature Gage . . . 4-15
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
Cooling System Messages . . . 4-34
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Overheated Protection Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . 8-26
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35
Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-59
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . 12-15
Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 Extender, Safety Belt . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . 5-2
F
Filter
Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . 5-4
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-67
Flat Tire, Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-69
Fluid Automatic Transmission . . . . . . 9-15
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Fog Lamps Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . 5-5, 9-35
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Front Seats Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Heated and Ventilated . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Front Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Page 408 of 414

i-6 INDEX
Heated and Ventilated FrontSeats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Heated Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Highway Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . 8-9
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
How to Wear Safety Belts Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
I
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . 8-18, 8-19
Ignition Transmission Lock
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Illumination Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Infants and Young Children, Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Instrument Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii, 6-2
J
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-75
K
Key and Lock Messages . . . . . . . 4-36
Keyless Entry Remote (RKE) System . . . 1-3, 1-5
Keyless Entry System . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . . 9-47
Lamp Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36
Lamps Daytime Running (DRL) . . . . . . . 5-2
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Exterior Lamps Off
Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Headlamps, Front Turn
Signal and Parking
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
License Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-36 Lamps (cont.)
Malfunction Indicator . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Sun Visor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
LATCH System Replacing Parts After aCrash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-55
Latch, Lower Anchors and
Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . . 2-48
Light Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . 4-20
Lighting Adaptive Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Lights Airbag Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Antilock Brake System
(ABS) Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Page 410 of 414

i-8 INDEX
O
Object Detection, Side BlindZone Alert (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Oil
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . 9-13
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Older Children, Restraints . . . . . 2-40
Online Owner Center . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
OnStar
®System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43
Operation, Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Outlets Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode . . . 9-21
Overheating, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
Overview, Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3, 6-5
P
ParkShifting Into . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23
Shifting Out of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Park Tilt Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Parking Assist, Ultrasonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40
Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Brake and P (Park)
Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Over Things That Burn . . . . . . . 8-25
Passenger Airbag Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Passenger Compartment Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Passenger Sensing System . . . 2-32
Perchlorate Materials
Requirements, California . . . . . . 9-3
Phone Bluetooth . . . 6-42, 6-43, 6-46, 6-57
Power Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Protection, Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Retained Accessory (RAP) . . . 8-20 Power (cont.)
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Pregnancy, Using Safety Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Privacy Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) . . . . . . . 12-16
Program Courtesy Transportation . . . . . . 12-8
Proposition 65 Warning, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
R
Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) . . . . . . . . 12-16
Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-16
Radios AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
CD/DVD Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14