rear door CADILLAC CT4 2021 Owner's Guide

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
LIGHTING 131
To operate, press the following
buttons:
jOFF :Press to turn off the dome
lamps when any door is opened,
Kon
the remote key is pressed, or when the
ignition is switched off. An indicator
light on the button will turn on when
the dome lamp override is activated.
Press
jOFF again to deactivate
this feature and the indicator light will
turn off. The dome lamps will come
on when doors are opened,
Kon the
remote key is pressed, or the ignition
is switched off.
+ON/OFF : Press to turn the dome
lamps on and off manually.
Reading Lamps
There are front and rear reading
lamps on the overhead console and
over the rear passenger doors. These
lamps will come on when any door is
opened,
Kon the remote key is
pressed, or when the ignition is
switched off. To operate, the ignition must be on,
or in ACC/ACCESSORY, or using
Retained Accessory Power (RAP).
To manually turn the reading lamps
on or off:
Press the lamp lenses on the front
reading lamps.
Press the lamp lenses over the rear
passenger doors.
Lighting Features
Entry Lighting
Some exterior lamps turn on briefly at
night, or in areas with limited lighting,
when
Kis pressed on the remote key,
see Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System
Operation 07. After about 30 seconds
the exterior lamps turn off. Entry
lighting can be disabled manually by
turning the ignition on or to ACC/
ACCESSORY, or by pressing
Qon the
remote key. When any door is opened
or remote unlock pressed, all interior
lights turn on and then interior lamps
dim to off after 20 seconds after all
doors are closed.
The entry lighting feature for exterior
lighting can be changed. See “Vehicle
Locator Lights” underVehicle
Personalization 0117.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 12/4/20
DRIVING AND OPERATING 295
Filling the Tank
An arrow on the fuel gauge indicates
which side of the vehicle the fuel door
is on. SeeFuel Gauge 094.
{Warning
Fuel vapors and fuel fires burn
violently and can cause injury or
death.
Follow these guidelines to help
avoid injuries to you and others:
.Read and follow all the
instructions on the fuel pump
island.
.Turn off the engine when
refueling.
.Keep sparks, flames, and
smoking materials away
from fuel.
.Do not leave the fuel pump
unattended.
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
.Avoid using electronic devices
while refueling.
.Do not re-enter the vehicle while
pumping fuel.
.Keep children away from the fuel
pump and never let children
pump fuel.
.Before touching the fill nozzle,
touch a metallic object to
discharge static electricity from
your body.
.Fuel can spray out if the fill
nozzle is inserted too quickly.
This spray can happen if the
tank is nearly full, and is more
likely in hot weather. Insert the
fill nozzle slowly and wait for any
hiss noise to stop before
beginning to flow fuel.
To open the fuel door, push and
release the rearward center edge of
the door.
The capless refueling system does not
have a fuel cap. Fully insert and latch
the fill nozzle, begin fueling.
{Warning
Overfilling the fuel tank by more
than three clicks of a standard fill
nozzle may cause:
.Vehicle performance issues,
including engine stalling and
damage to the fuel system.(Continued)

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
338 VEHICLE CARE
FusesUsage
17 Electronic suspension control
18 –
19 Motor seat belt driver
20 Rear defog
21 DC to DC transformer 2
22 Driver power window / Door handle switch
23 External object calculating module/
Front camera
module/High
definition
localization/Short
range radar
24 Passenger power window / Door
handle switch
25 –
26 –
27 Rear drive control module
28 – Fuses
Usage
29 –
30 –
31 DC to DC transformer 1
32 Transfer case electronic control
33 Central gateway module/Side blind
zone alert
34 Video processing module
35 Hands free closure release
36 Exterior lighting module 2
37 Passenger memory seat module
38 –
39 Right front/Right rear window
40 –
41 –
42 Amplifier Fuses
Usage
43 Park assist module
44 Driver memory seat module
45 OnStar
46 –
47 –
48 –
49 –
50 Driver seat
51 Left front/Left rear window
52 Passenger seat
Relays Usage
53 –
54 –
55 Run

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
374 VEHICLE CARE
Caution
To avoid surface damage on wheels
and wheel trim, do not use strong
soaps, chemicals, abrasive polishes,
cleaners, or brushes. Use only GM
approved cleaners. Do not drive the
vehicle through an automatic car
wash that uses silicon carbide tire/
wheel cleaning brushes. Damage
could occur and the repairs would
not be covered by the vehicle
warranty.
Brake System
Visually inspect brake lines and hoses
for proper hook-up, binding, leaks,
cracks, chafing, etc. Inspect disc brake
pads for wear and rotors for surface
condition. Inspect drum brake linings/
shoes for wear or cracks. Inspect all
other brake parts.
Steering, Suspension, and
Chassis Components
Visually inspect steering, suspension,
and chassis components for damaged,
loose, or missing parts or signs of
wear at least once a year.Inspect power steering for proper
attachment, connections, binding,
leaks, cracks, chafing, etc.
Visually check constant velocity joint
boots and axle seals for leaks.
Body Component Lubrication
Lubricate all key lock cylinders, hood
hinges, liftgate hinges, and the steel
fuel door hinge, unless the
components are plastic. Applying
silicone grease on weatherstrips with a
clean cloth will make them last
longer, seal better, and not stick or
squeak.
Underbody Maintenance
At least twice a year, spring and fall,
use plain water to flush any corrosive
materials from the underbody. Take
care to thoroughly clean any areas
where mud and other debris can
collect.
Do not directly power wash the
transfer case and/or front/rear axle
output seals. High pressure water can
overcome the seals and contaminate
the fluid. Contaminated fluid will
decrease the life of the transfer case
and/or axles and should be replaced
Sheet Metal Damage
If the vehicle is damaged and requires
sheet metal repair or replacement,
make sure the body repair shop
applies anti-corrosion material to
parts repaired or replaced to restore
corrosion protection.
Original manufacturer replacement
parts will provide the corrosion
protection while maintaining the
vehicle warranty.
Finish Damage
Quickly repair minor chips and
scratches with touch-up materials
available from your dealer to avoid
corrosion. Larger areas of finish
damage can be corrected in your
dealer's body and paint shop.
Chemical Paint Spotting
Airborne pollutants can fall upon and
attack painted vehicle surfaces
causing blotchy, ring-shaped
discolorations, and small, irregular

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
VEHICLE CARE 375
dark spots etched into the paint
surface. See“Finish Care”previously in
this section.
Interior Care
To prevent dirt particle abrasions,
regularly clean the vehicle's interior.
Immediately remove any soils.
Newspapers or dark garments can
transfer color to the vehicle’s interior.
Use a soft bristle brush to remove
dust from knobs and crevices on the
instrument cluster. Using a mild soap
solution, immediately remove hand
lotions, sunscreen, and insect
repellent from all interior surfaces or
permanent damage may result.
Use cleaners specifically designed for
the surfaces being cleaned to prevent
permanent damage. Apply all cleaners
directly to the cleaning cloth. Do not
spray cleaners on any switches or
controls. Remove cleaners quickly.
Before using cleaners, read and follow
all safety instructions on the label.
While cleaning the interior, open the
doors and windows to get proper
ventilation. To prevent damage, do not clean the
interior using the following cleaners
or techniques:
.Never use a razor or any other
sharp object to remove soil from
any interior surface.
.Never use a brush with stiff bristles.
.Never rub any surface aggressively
or with too much pressure.
.Do not use laundry detergents or
dishwashing soaps with degreasers.
For liquid cleaners, use
approximately 20 drops per 3.8 L (1
gal) of water. A concentrated soap
solution will create streaks and
attract dirt. Do not use solutions
that contain strong or caustic soap.
.Do not heavily saturate the
upholstery when cleaning.
.Do not use solvents or cleaners
containing solvents.
Interior Glass
To clean, use a terry cloth fabric
dampened with water. Wipe droplets
left behind with a clean dry cloth.
If necessary, use a commercial glass
cleaner after cleaning with plain water.
Caution
To prevent scratching, never use
abrasive cleaners on automotive
glass. Abrasive cleaners or
aggressive cleaning may damage
the rear window defogger.
Cleaning the windshield with water
during the first three to six months of
ownership will reduce tendency to fog.
Speaker Covers
Vacuum around a speaker cover
gently, so that the speaker will not be
damaged. Clean spots with water and
mild soap.
Coated Moldings
Coated moldings should be cleaned.
.When lightly soiled, wipe with a
sponge or soft, lint-free cloth
dampened with water.
.When heavily soiled, use warm
soapy water.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE 391
Recommended Fluids, Lubricants, and Parts
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants
Fluids and lubricants identified below by name or specification, including fluids or lubricants not listed here, can be
obtained from your dealer.Usage Fluid/Lubricant
Automatic Transmission (8-Speed Transmission) DEXRON-HP Automatic Transmission Fluid.
Automatic Transmission (10-Speed Transmission) DEXRON ULV Automatic Transmission Fluid.
Chassis Lubrication Chassis lubricant meeting requirements of NLGI #2, Category LB or GC-LB. Engine Coolant 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and use only DEX-COOL Coolant. See Cooling System0317.
Engine Oil Engine oil meeting the dexos1 specification of the proper SAE viscosity grade. ACDelco dexos1 full synthetic is recommended. See Engine Oil0312.
Hood Latch Assembly, Secondary Latch,
Pivots, Spring Anchor, and Release Pawl Lubriplate Lubricant Aerosol or lubricant meeting requirements of NLGI #2,
Category LB or GC-LB.
Hydraulic Brake System DOT 4 Hydraulic Brake Fluid.
Key Lock Cylinders, Hood and Door Hinges Multi-Purpose Lubricant, Superlube. See your dealer.
Rear Axle/Front Axle (All-Wheel Drive) See your dealer. Windshield Washer Automotive windshield washer fluid that meets regional freeze protection requirements.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
424 INDEX
Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Dome Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
DoorAjar Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Power Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Drive Belt Routing, Engine . . . . . . . . . 398
Drive Systems All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236, 327
Driver
Teen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Driver Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . 275
Driver Information Center (DIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107, 110
Driver Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Driver Mode Control Light . . . . . . . . . 103
Driving
Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Characteristics andTowing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Competitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Defensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . 212
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Driving (cont'd)
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Track Events and
Competitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Dual Automatic Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
E
Electric Brake Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Electric Parking Brake Light . . . . . . . 100
Electrical Equipment, Add-On . . . . . 303
Electrical SystemEngine Compartment Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . 331
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . 334
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Emergency OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Engine
Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Engine (cont'd)
Check Light (Malfunction
Indicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . . . . 309
Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 95
Coolant Temperature
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Oil Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Engine Air Filter Life System . . . . . . 315
Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Extended Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Extender, Seat Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . . . . 128
Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . 133

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
INDEX 425
F
Filter,Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . . . . . 129
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Fluid Automatic Transmission . . . . . . . . . 315
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Frequency Statement Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Front Pedestrian Braking (FPB) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Front Seats
Heated and Ventilated . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Front Turn Signal Lamps . . . . . . . . . . 330
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Economy, Driving for Better . . . . . 203
Filling a Portable FuelContainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Fuel (cont'd)
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . 105
Prohibited Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293, 294
Top Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Fuses
Engine Compartment FuseBlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . 331
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . 334
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
G
Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Gauges Engine CoolantTemperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 95
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Warning Lights and Indicators . . . 87 General Information
Service and Maintenance . . . . . . . . 379
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Global Positioning System (GPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
GM Mobility Reimbursement
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Guidance Problems with the Route . . . . . . . . . 162
H
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . . . . 129
HD Radio Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Head-up Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Headlamps
Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Daytime RunningLamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
INDEX 427
Lights (cont'd)Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Check Engine (Malfunction
Indicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Driver Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Engine Coolant Temperature Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
High-Beam On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . 128
Lane Keep Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Low Fuel Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Seat Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Service Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
StabiliTrak OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Traction Control System
(TCS)/StabiliTrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Traction Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Limited-Slip Differential . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Locks
Automatic Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Lockout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Power Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Low-Profile Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH System) . . . . . . . . . 65
Lumbar Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
M
MaintenanceRecords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Maintenance and Care Additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Recommended Fluids andLubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . . . . . 97
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 235
Map Data Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Massage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Media
Avoiding Untrusted Devices . . . . . 145
Memory Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Messages Engine Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Mirrors Automatic Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Automatic Dimming Rearview . . . . 26
Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Manual Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tilt in Reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mirrors, Interior Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Driver Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Monitor System, Tire Pressure . . . . . 348
Multi-band Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145