shaft CHRYSLER VOYAGER 1996 Service Manual

Splice Number Location Fig.
ES09 (2.5L) In Battery Positive Terminal
T/ON/S
ES09
(3.3L,3.8L)In Battery Positive Terminal
T/O7
ES10 Near Knock Sensor T/O 6
ES10
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Transmission T/O 7
ES11 (2.0L) Near Battery Positive Terminal
T/O7
ES11 (2.4L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal T/O4
ES11 (2.5L) In Generator T/O N/S
ES11
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Battery Negative
Terminal7
ES12 (2.4L) Near Throttle Body T/O 4
ES12 (2.5L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal T/ON/S
ES12
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Battery Positive Terminal
T/O7
ES13 (2.4L) Near Generator T/O 4
ES13
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Battery Negative
Terminal T/O7
ES14 (2.4L) Near Generator T/O 4,7
ES14
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Battery Negative
Terminal T/O7
ES17 (2.0L) Near Camshaft Position
Sensor T/O3
ES17 (2.4L) Near Engine Ground T/O 4
ES17
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Battery Negative
Terminal T/O7
ES18 (2.0L) Near Camshaft Position
Sensor T/O3
ES18 (2.4L) Near Engine Ground T/O 4
ES18
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Engine Ground T/O 7Splice Number Location Fig.
ES21 (2.0L) Near Body Ground T/O N/S
ES21 (2.4L) Near Engine Ground T/O 4
ES21
(3.3L,3.8L)Near A/C Clutch T/O 6
ES23 (2.0L) Near Radiator Fan T/O N/S
ES23 (2.4L) Near Radiator Fan T/O 4
ES23
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Engine ground T/O 7
ES24 (2.4L) Near Transmission T/O 4
ES24
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Transmission T/O 7
ES26 (2.5L) In Battery Positive Terminal
T/ON/S
ES28 (2.5L) In Battery Positive Terminal
T/ON/S
ES29 (2.5L) Near Glow Plug Relay T/O N/S
ES30 (2.5L) Near Fuel Heater T/O 5
ES31 (2.5L) Near Fuel Heater T/O 5
ES37 (2.5L) Near Oil Pressure Switch T/O 5
ES40 (2.5L) Near Fuel Injection Pump T/O 5
ES99 (2.0L) Near Knock Sensor T/O 2
FS01 (2.4L) Near ECT Sensor T/O N/S
FS01
(3.3L,3.8L)Near Injector #5 T/O N/S
FS02 (2.4L) Near Inj #2 T/O N/S
FS02
(3.3L,3.8L)Between Inj's 4 and 6 N/S
FS03 (2.4L) Between Inj #2 and #3 N/S
PS01 Near Steering Column T/O 8
PS02 Near Steering Column T/O 8
RFS01 Near Radiator Fan #2 N/S
RFS02 Near Radiator Fan #1 N/S
8W - 95 - 2 8W - 95 SPLICE LOCATIONSNS/GS
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

SPLICE LOCATIONS (RHD)
Splice Number Location Fig.
BS01 Near Split for Tail Lamps 11
BS02 Near Fuel Tank T/O 11
BS03 Near I/P Bulkhead
Connector T/O8
BS05 Near Left Door T/O N/S
BS06 Near Left Door T/O N/S
BS08 Near Clutch Interlock switch
T/O8
BS16 Near RT Park Lamp T/O 1
BS17 Near Split for Tail Lamps 11
BS31 Near Left Headlamp
Leveling Motor T/O1
CS01 Above Right Rear Door 10
CS02 Above Right Rear Door 10
CS03 Right B-Pillar 10
CS04 Right B-Pillar 10
DS01 Near LT Power WDO T/O 9
ES01 In TCM T/O 6
ES02 (2.0L) Near Camshaft Position
Sensor T/O3
ES02 (2.4L) In Throttle Body T/O 4
ES02 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Transmission T/O 5
ES03 (2.0L) Near Distributor Coil T/O 2
ES03 (2.4L) Near PDC T/O 4
ES03 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Body Ground T/O 6
ES05 (2.4L) Near Knock Sensor T/O 4
ES05 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Transmission T/O 5
ES06 Near Transmission T/O N/S
ES07 (2.0L) Near Engine Ground T/O 2
ES07 (2.4L) Near Body Ground T/O 4
ES07 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal T/O6
ES08 (2.4L) Near Transmission T/O 4,6
ES09 (2.0L) Near Battery Positive
TerminalN/S
ES09 (2.4L) Near Battery Positive
Terminal4
ES09 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Battery Positive
Terminal6
ES10 (2.4L) Near Knock Sensor T/O 6
ES10 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Transmission T/O 5
ES11 (2.0L) Near Battery Positive
TerminalN/SSplice Number Location Fig.
ES11 (2.4L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal T/O4
ES11 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal5,6
ES12 (2.0L) Near Engine Ground T/O 2
ES12 (2.4L) Near Throttle Body T/O 4
ES12 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Battery Positive
Terminal T/O6
ES13 (2.4L) Near Generator T/O 4
ES13 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal4
ES14 (2.4L) Near Generator Field T/O 4
ES14 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal4
ES17 (2.0L) Near Camshaft Position
Sensor T/O3
ES17 (2.4L) Near Engine Ground T/O 4
ES17 (3.3L, 3,8L) Near Battery Negative
Terminal4
ES18 (2.0L) Near Camshaft Position
Sensor T/O3
ES18 (2.4L) Near Engine Ground T/O 4
ES18 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Engine Ground T/O 6
ES21 (2.0L) Near Body Ground T/O N/S
ES21 (2.4L) Near Back Up Lamp Switch
T/O4
ES21 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near A/C Clutch T/O 5
ES23 (2.0L) Near Radiator Fan T/O N/S
ES23 (2.4L) Near Radiator Fan T/O 4
ES23 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Body Ground T/O 6
ES24 Near Transmission T/O 4,6
ES24 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Transmission T/O 5
ES99 (2.0L) Near Knock Sensor T/O 2
FS01 (2.4L) Near ECT Sensor T/O N/S
FS01 (3.3L, 3.8L) Near Injector #5 T/O N/S
FS02 (2.4L) Near Inj #2 T/O N/S
FS02 (3.3L, 3.8L) Between Inj's 4 and 6 N/S
FS03 (2.4L) Between Inj #2 and #3 N/S
PS01 Near Steering Column T/O 7
PS02 Near Steering Column T/O 7
RFS01 Near Radiator Fan #2 N/S
RFS02 Near Radiator Fan #1 N/S
NS/GS8W - 95 SPLICE LOCATIONS 8W - 95 - 15
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

ENGINE
CONTENTS
page page
2.4L ENGINE............................ 14
3.0L ENGINE............................ 61
3.3/3.8L ENGINE........................ 93ENGINE DIAGNOSIS....................... 7
STANDARD SERVICE PROCEDURES.......... 1
STANDARD SERVICE PROCEDURES
INDEX
page page
GENERAL INFORMATION
CRANKSHAFT SPROCKET BOLT ACCESS
PLUG................................ 2
ENGINE CORE PLUGS.................... 2
ENGINE OIL SERVICE..................... 5
ENGINE OIL............................. 5
ENGINE PERFORMANCE.................. 2FORM-IN-PLACE GASKETS................. 1
HONING CYLINDER BORES................ 3
HYDROSTATIC LOCKED ENGINE............ 5
MEASURING MAIN BEARING AND
CONNECTING ROD BEARING
CLEARANCES......................... 3
REPAIR OF DAMAGED OR WORN THREADS . . . 4
GENERAL INFORMATION
FORM-IN-PLACE GASKETS
There are numerous places where form-in-place
gaskets are used on the engine. Care must be taken
when applying form-in-place gaskets.Do not use
form-in-place gasket material unless specified.
Bead size, continuity, and location are of great impor-
tance. Too thin a bead can result in leakage while too
much can result in spill-over, a continuous bead of
the proper width is essential to obtain a leak-free
joint.
Two types of form-in-place gasket materials are
used in the engine.MopartSilicone Rubber Adhe-
sive Sealant andMopartGasket Maker, (anaerobic)
each have different properties and cannot be used
interchangeably.
CAUTION: Silicone sealer and anaerobic sealers
each will inhibit the cure of the other and care
should be taken to keep usages separated as much
as possible.
MOPARTSILICONE RUBBER ADHESIVE
SEALANT
MopartSilicone Rubber Adhesive Sealant or
equivalent, normally black in color, is available in
three ounce tubes. Moisture in the air causes the
MopartSilicone Rubber Adhesive Sealant material
to cure. This material is normally used on flexible
metal flanges. It has a shelf life of one year and will
not properly cure if over age. Always inspect the
package for the expiration date before use.
MOPARTGASKET MAKER
MopartGasket Maker is an anaerobic type gasket
material normally red in color. The material cures in
the absence of air when squeezed between two metal-
lic surfaces. It will not cure if left in the uncovered
tube. It is normally red in color. The anaerobic mate-
rial is for use between two machined surfaces. Do not
use on flexible metal flanges.
MOPARTTORQUE CURE GASKET MAKER
MopartTorque Cure Gasket Maker is a unique
anaerobic type gasket material to be usedONLY
between the bedplate and engine block. The material
cures in the absence of air when torqued between
two metallic surfaces. It will not cure if left in the
uncovered tube. This anaerobic material is specially
NSENGINE 9 - 1

made to seal the area between the bedplate and cyl-
inder block without disturbing the bearing clearance
or alignment of these components.
GASKET DISASSEMBLY
Parts assembled with form-in-place gaskets may be
disassembled without unusual effort. In some
instances, it may be necessary to lightly tap the part
with a mallet or other suitable tool to break the seal
between the mating surfaces. A flat gasket scraper
may also be lightly tapped into the joint but care
must be taken not to damage the mating surfaces.
SURFACE PREPARATION
Scrape clean or wire brush all gasket surfaces to
remove all loose material. Inspect stamped parts to
ensure gasket rails are flat. Gasket surfaces must be
free of oil and dirt. Make sure old gasket material is
removed from blind attaching holes.
FORM-IN-PLACE GASKET APPLICATION
Assembling parts using a form-in-place gasket
requires care but it's easier then using precut gas-
kets.
MopartGasket Maker material should be applied
sparingly 1 mm (0.040 in.) diameter or less of sealant
to one gasket surface. Be certain the material sur-
rounds each mounting hole. Excess material can eas-
ily be wiped off. Components should be torqued in
place within 15 minutes. The use of a locating dowel
is recommended during assembly to prevent smear-
ing the material off location.
TheMopartSilicone Rubber Adhesive Sealant
gasket material or equivalent should be applied in a
continuous bead approximately 3 mm (0.120 in.) in
diameter. All mounting holes must be circled. For
corner sealing, a 3.17 or 6.35 mm (1/8 or 1/4 in.) drop
is placed in the center of the gasket contact area.
Uncured sealant may be removed with a shop towels.
Components should be torqued in place while the
sealant is still wet to the touch (within 10 minutes).
The usage of a locating dowel is recommended during
assembly to prevent smearing of material off loca-
tion.
CRANKSHAFT SPROCKET BOLT ACCESS PLUG
An Access plug is located in the right inner fender
shield. Remove the plug and insert the proper size
socket, extension and ratchet, when crankshaft rota-
tion is necessary.
ENGINE CORE PLUGS
REMOVAL
Using a blunt tool such as a drift or a screwdriver
and a hammer, strike the bottom edge of the cup
plug (Fig. 1). With the cup plug rotated, grasp firmlywith pliers or other suitable tool and remove plug
(Fig. 1).
CAUTION: Do not drive cup plug into the casting
as restricted cooling can result and cause serious
engine problems.
INSTALLATION
Thoroughly remove all rust and clean inside of cup
plug hole in cylinder block or head. Be sure to
remove old sealer. Lightly coat inside of cup plug hole
with sealer. Make certain the new plug is cleaned of
all oil or grease. Using proper drive plug, drive plug
into hole so that the sharp edge of the plug is at
least 0.5 mm (0.020 inch.) inside the lead in chamfer
(Fig. 1).
It is in not necessary to wait for curing of the seal-
ant. The cooling system can be refilled and the vehi-
cle placed in service immediately.
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
If a loss of performance is noticed, timing belt or
chain may have skipped one or two teeth. Camshaft
and crankshaft timing should be checked. Refer to
Group 9, Engine Timing belt or chain installation.
It is important that the vehicle is operating to its
optimum performance level to maintain fuel economy
and lowest vehicle emissions. If vehicle is not operat-
ing to these standards, refer to Engine Diagnosis out-
lined is this section. The following procedures can
assist in achieving the proper engine diagnosis.
(1) Test cranking amperage draw. Refer to Group
8B, Starting.
(2) Check intake manifold for vacuum leaks.
(3) Perform cylinder compression pressure test.
Refer to Engine Diagnosis, outlined in this section.
(4) Clean or replace spark plugs as necessary and
adjust gap as specified in Group 8D, Ignition System.
Tighten to specifications.
Fig. 1 Core Hole Plug Removal
9 - 2 ENGINENS
GENERAL INFORMATION (Continued)

(5) Test resistance of spark plug cables. Refer to
Group 8D, Ignition System.
(6) Test ignition coils primary and secondary resis-
tance. Replace parts as necessary. Refer to Group 8D,
Ignition System.
(7) Check fuel pump pressure at idle and different
RPM ranges. Refer to Group 14, Fuel System for
Specifications.
(8) The air filter elements should be replaced as
specified in Group 0, Lubrication and Maintenance.
(9) Inspect crankcase ventilation system as out-
lined in Group 25, Emission Control Systems.
(10) Road test vehicle as a final test.
HONING CYLINDER BORES
(1) Used carefully, the cylinder bore resizing hone
C-823 equipped with 220 grit stones, is the best tool
for this job. In addition to deglazing, it will reduce
taper and out-of-round as well as removing light
scuffing, scoring or scratches. Usually a few strokes
will clean up a bore and maintain the required lim-
its.
(2) Deglazing of the cylinder walls may be done
using a cylinder surfacing hone, Tool C-3501,
equipped with 280 grit stones, if the cylinder bore is
straight and round. 20-60 strokes depending on the
bore condition, will be sufficient to provide a satisfac-
tory surface. Inspect cylinder walls after each 20
strokes, using a light honing oil.Do not use engine
or transmission oil, mineral spirits or kerosene.
(3) Honing should be done by moving the hone up
and down fast enough to get a cross-hatch pattern.
When hone marksintersectat 50-60 degrees, the
cross hatch angle is most satisfactory for proper seat-
ing of rings (Fig. 2).(4) A controlled hone motor speed between
200-300 RPM is necessary to obtain the proper cross-
hatch angle. The number of up and down strokes per
minute can be regulated to get the desired 50-60
degree angle. Faster up and down strokes increase
the cross-hatch angle.
(5) After honing, it is necessary that the block be
cleaned again to remove all traces of abrasive.
CAUTION: Ensure all abrasives are removed from
engine parts after honing. It is recommended that a
solution of soap and hot water be used with a
brush and the parts then thoroughly dried. The bore
can be considered clean when it can be wiped
clean with a white cloth and cloth remains clean.
Oil the bores after cleaning to prevent rusting.
MEASURING MAIN BEARING AND CONNECTING
ROD BEARING CLEARANCES
PLASTIGAGE METHOD
Engine crankshaft bearing clearances can be deter-
mined by use of Plastigage or equivalent. The follow-
ing is the recommended procedure for the use of
Plastigage:
NOTE: The total clearance of the main bearings
can only be determined by removing the weight of
the crankshaft. This can be accomplished by either
of two methods:
PREFERRED METHOD
Shimming the bearings adjacent to the bearing to
be checked in order to remove the clearance between
upper bearing shell and the crankshaft. This can be
accomplished by placing a minimum of 0.254 mm
(0.010 in.) shim (e. g. cardboard, matchbook cover,
etc.) between the bearing shell and the bearing cap
on the adjacent bearings and tightening bolts to
14-20 N´m (10-15 ft. lbs.). The number of main bear-
ing will vary from engine to engine.
Fig. 2 Cylinder Bore Cross-Hatch Pattern
Fig. 3 Plastigage Placed in Lower Shell
NSENGINE 9 - 3
GENERAL INFORMATION (Continued)

ENGINE WITH 5 MAIN BEARINGS
²When checking #1 main bearing shim #2 main
bearing.
²When checking #2 main bearing shim #1 & 3
main bearing.
²When checking #3 main bearing shim #2 & 4
main bearing.
²When checking #4 main bearing shim #3 & 5
main bearing.
²When checking #5 main bearing shim #4 main
bearing.
ENGINE WITH 4 MAIN BEARING
²When checking #1 main bearing shim # 2 main
bearing.
²When checking #2 main bearing shim #1 & #3
main bearing.
²When checking #3 main bearing shim #2 & #4
main bearing.
²When checking #4 main bearing shim #3 main
bearing.
NOTE: REMOVE ALL SHIMS BEFORE REASSEM-
BLING ENGINE
ALTERNATIVE METHOD
The weight of the crankshaft can be supported by a
jack under the counterweight adjacent to the bearing
being checked.
PLASTIGAGE PROCEDURE
(1) Remove oil film from surface to be checked.
Plastigage is soluble in oil.
(2) Place a piece of Plastigage across the entire
width of the bearing shell in the cap approximately
6.35 mm (1/4 in.) off center and away from the oil
holes (Fig. 3). (In addition, suspected areas can be
checked by placing the Plastigage in the suspected
area). Torque the bearing cap bolts of the bearing
being checked to the proper specifications.
(3) Remove the bearing cap and compare the
width of the flattened Plastigage (Fig. 4) with the
metric scale provided on the package. Locate the
band closest to the same width. This band shows theamount of clearance in thousandths of a millimeter.
Differences in readings between the ends indicate the
amount of taper present. Record all readings taken.
Refer to Engine Specifications.Plastigage gener-
ally is accompanied by two scales. One scale is
in inches, the other is a metric scale.
NOTE: Plastigage is available in a variety of clear-
ance ranges. Use the most appropriate range for
the specifications you are checking.
CONNECTING ROD BEARING CLEARANCE
Engine connecting rod bearing clearances can be
determined by use of Plastigage or equivalent. The
following is the recommended procedure for the use
of Plastigage:
(1) Rotate the crankshaft until the connecting rod
to be checked is at the bottom of its stroke.
(2) Remove oil film from surface to be checked.
Plastigage is soluble in oil.
(3) Place a piece of Plastigage across the entire
width of the bearing shell in the bearing cap approx-
imately 6.35 mm (1/4 in.) off center and away from
the oil hole (Fig. 3). In addition, suspect areas can be
checked by placing plastigage in the suspect area.
(4) Assemble the rod cap with Plastigage in place.
Tighten the rod cap to the specified torque.Do not
rotate the crankshaft while assembling the cap
or the Plastigage may be smeared, giving inac-
curate results.
(5) Remove the bearing cap and compare the
width of the flattened Plastigage (Fig. 4) with the
scale provided on the package. Locate the band clos-
est to the same width. This band indicates the
amount of oil clearance. Differences in readings
between the ends indicate the amount of taper
present. Record all readings taken. Refer to Engine
Specifications.Plastigage generally is accompa-
nied by two scales. One scale is in inches, the
other is a metric scale. If the bearing clearance
exceeds 0.076 mm (0.003 in.) replace bearing.
NOTE: Plastigage is available in a variety of clear-
ance ranges. Use the most appropriate range for
the specifications you are checking.
REPAIR OF DAMAGED OR WORN THREADS
Damaged or worn threads (including aluminum
head spark plug threads) can be repaired. Essen-
tially, this repair consists of drilling out worn or
damaged threads, tapping the hole with a special
Heli-Coil Tap, (or equivalent) and installing an insert
into the tapped hole. This brings the hole back to its
original thread size.
Fig. 4 Clearance Measurement
9 - 4 ENGINENS
GENERAL INFORMATION (Continued)

CAUTION: Be sure that the tapped holes maintain
the original centerline.
Heli-Coil tools and inserts are readily available
from automotive parts jobbers.
HYDROSTATIC LOCKED ENGINE
When an engine is suspected to be hydrostatically
locked, regardless of what caused the problem, these
steps should be used.
CAUTION: Do Not Use Starter Motor To Rotate
Engine, severe damage may occur.
(1) Inspect air cleaner, induction system and
intake manifold to insure system is dry and clear of
foreign material.
(2) Remove negative battery cable.
(3) Place a shop towel around the spark plugs
when removing them from the engine. This will catch
any fluid that may possibly be in the cylinder under
pressure.
(4) With all spark plugs removed, rotate engine
crankshaft using a breaker bar and socket.
(5) Identify the fluid in the cylinder(s) (i.e., cool-
ant, fuel, oil or other).
(6) Make sure all fluid has been removed from the
cylinders. Inspect engine for damage (i.e., Connecting
Rods, Pistons, Valves etc.)
(7) Repair engine or components as necessary to
prevent this problem from occurring again.
CAUTION: Squirt approximately 1 teaspoon of oil
into cylinders, rotate engine to lubricate the cylin-
der walls to prevent damage on restart.
(8) Install new spark plugs.
(9) Drain engine oil and remove oil filter.
(10) Fill engine with specified amount of approved
oil and install new oil filter.
(11) Connect negative battery cable.
(12) Start engine and check for any leaks.
ENGINE OIL
Checking Oil Level
To assure proper engine lubrication, the engine oil
must be maintained at the correct level. Check the
oil level at regular intervals, such as every fuel stop.
The best time to check the oil level is about 5 min-
utes after a fully warmed-up engine is shut off, or
before starting the vehicle after it has sat overnight.
Checking the oil while the vehicle is on level
ground, will improve the accuracy of the oil level
readings. For 2.4L, 3.3L and 3.8L engines, maintain
the oil level between the MIN and MAX markings on
the dipstick. Adding one quart of oil when the read-ing is at the MIN mark will result in a MAX reading
on these engines. For the 3.0L engine, add one full
quart when the level on the dipstick is at or below
the ADD mark.
ENGINE OIL SERVICE
WARNING: NEW OR USED ENGINE OIL CAN BE
IRRITATING TO THE SKIN. AVOID PROLONGED OR
REPEATED SKIN CONTACT WITH ENGINE OIL.
CONTAMINANTS IN USED ENGINE OIL, CAUSED BY
INTERNAL COMBUSTION, CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO
YOUR HEALTH. THOROUGHLY WASH EXPOSED
SKIN WITH SOAP AND WATER. DO NOT WASH
SKIN WITH GASOLINE, DIESEL FUEL, THINNER, OR
SOLVENTS, HEALTH PROBLEMS CAN RESULT. DO
NOT POLLUTE, DISPOSE OF USED ENGINE OIL
PROPERLY. CONTACT YOUR DEALER OR GOVERN-
MENT AGENCY FOR LOCATION OF COLLECTION
CENTER IN YOUR AREA.
ENGINE OIL SPECIFICATION
CAUTION: Do not use non-detergent or straight
mineral oil when adding or changing crankcase
lubricant. Engine failure can result.
NSENGINE 9 - 5
GENERAL INFORMATION (Continued)

(2) Add an oil soluble dye (use as recommended by
manufacturer). Start the engine and let idle for
approximately 15 minutes. Check the oil dipstick to
make sure the dye is thoroughly mixed as indicated
with a bright yellow color under a black light.
(3) Using a black light, inspect the entire engine
for fluorescent dye, particularly at the suspected area
of oil leak. If the oil leak is found and identified,
repair per service manual instructions.
(4) If dye is not observed, drive the vehicle at var-
ious speeds for approximately 24km (15 miles), and
repeat inspection.
(5)If the oil leak source is not positively
identified at this time, proceed with the air leak
detection test method as follows:
(6) Disconnect the fresh air hose (makeup air) at
the cylinder head cover and plug or cap the nipple on
the cover.
(7) Remove the PCV valve hose from the cylinder
head cover. Cap or plug the PCV valve nipple on the
cover.
(8) Attach an air hose with pressure gauge and
regulator to the dipstick tube.
CAUTION: Do not subject the engine assembly to
more than 20.6 kpa (3 PSI) of test pressure.
(9) Gradually apply air pressure from 1 psi to 2.5
psi maximum while applying soapy water at the sus-
pected source. Adjust the regulator to the suitable
test pressure that provide the best bubbles which
will pinpoint the leak source. If the oil leak is
detected and identified, repair per service manual
procedures.
(10) If the leakage occurs at the rear oil seal area,
refer to the section, Inspection for Rear Seal Area
Leak.
(11) If no leaks are detected, turn off the air sup-
ply and remove the air hose and all plugs and caps.
Install the PCV valve and breather cap hose. Proceed
to next step.
(12) Clean the oil off the suspect oil leak area
using a suitable solvent. Drive the vehicle at various
speeds approximately 24 km (15 miles). Inspect the
engine for signs of an oil leak by using a black light.INSPECTION FOR REAR SEAL AREA LEAKS
Since it is sometimes difficult to determine the
source of an oil leak in the rear seal area of the
engine, a more involved inspection is necessary. The
following steps should be followed to help pinpoint
the source of the leak.
If the leakage occurs at the crankshaft rear oil seal
area:
(1) Disconnect the battery.
(2) Raise the vehicle.
(3) Remove torque converter or clutch housing
cover and inspect rear of block for evidence of oil.
Use a black light to check for the oil leak. If a leak is
present in this area remove transmission for further
inspection.
(a) Circular spray pattern generally indicates
seal leakage or crankshaft damage.
(b) Where leakage tends to run straight down,
possible causes are a porous block, oil galley cup
plug, bedplate to cylinder block mating surfaces
and seal bore. See proper repair procedures for
these items.
(4) If no leaks are detected, pressurized the crank-
case as outlined in the, Inspection (Engine oil Leaks
in general)
CAUTION: Do not exceed 20.6 kPa (3 psi).
(5) If the leak is not detected, very slowly turn the
crankshaft and watch for leakage. If a leak is
detected between the crankshaft and seal while
slowly turning the crankshaft, it is possible the
crankshaft seal surface is damaged. The seal area on
the crankshaft could have minor nicks or scratches
that can be polished out with emery cloth.
CAUTION: Use extreme caution when crankshaft
polishing is necessary to remove minor nicks and
scratches. The crankshaft seal flange is especially
machined to complement the function of the rear oil
seal.
(6) For bubbles that remain steady with shaft
rotation, no further inspection can be done until dis-
assembled.
(7) After the oil leak root cause and appropriate
corrective action have been identified. Refer to Rear
Crankshaft Seals, for proper replacement procedures.
NSENGINE 9 - 9
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)

ENGINE DIAGNOSISÐMECHANICAL
CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTION
NOISY VALVES 1. High or low oil level in
crankcase.1. Check for correct oil level.
2. Thin or diluted oil. 2. Change oil to correct viscosity.
3. Low oil pressure. 3. Check engine oil level.
4. Dirt in tappets/lash adjusters. 4. Replace rocker arm/hydraulic
lash adjuster assembly.
5. Worn rocker arms. 5. Inspect oil supply to rocker arms.
6. Worn tappets/lash adjusters. 6. Install new rocker arm/hydraulic
lash adjuster assembly.
7. Worn valve guides. 7. Ream and install new valves with
oversize stems.
8. Excessive runout of valve seats
on valve faces.8. Grind valve seats and valves.
9. Missing adjuster pivot. 9. Replace rocker arm/hydraulic
lash adjuster assembly.
CONNECTING ROD NOISE 1. Insuffient oil supply. 1. Check engine oil level.
2. Low oil pressure. 2. Check engine oil level. Inspect oil
pump relief valve and spring.
3. Thin or diluted oil. 3. Change oil to correct viscosity.
4. Excessive bearing clearance. 4. Measure bearings for correct
clearance. Repair as necessary.
5. Connecting rod journal
out-of-round.5. Replace crankshaft or grind
surface.
6. Misaligned connecting rods. 6. Replace bent connecting rods.
MAIN BEARING NOISE 1. Insufficient oil supply. 1. Check engine oil level.
2. Low oil pressure. 2. Check engine oil level. Inspect oil
pump relief valve and spring.
3. Thin or diluted oil. 3. Change oil to correct viscosity.
4. Excessive bearing clearance. 4. Measure bearings for correct
clearance. Repair as necessary.
5. Excessive end play. 5. Check thrust bearing for wear on
flanges.
6. Crankshaft journal out-of-round
or worn.6. Replace crankshaft or grind
journals.
7. Loose flywheel or torque
converter.7. Tighten to correct torque.
OIL PRESSURE DROP 1. Low oil level. 1. Check engine oil level.
2. Faulty oil pressure sending unit. 2. Install new sending unit.
3. Low oil pressure. 3. Check sending unit and main
bearing oil clearance.
4. Clogged oil filter. 4. Install new oil filter.
5. Worn parts in oil pump. 5. Replace worn parts or pump.
6. Thin or diluted oil. 6. Change oil to correct viscosity.
7. Excessive bearing clearance. 7. Measure bearings for correct
clearance.
8. Oil pump relief valve stuck. 8. Remove valve and inspect, clean,
or replace.
9. Oil pump suction tube loose. 9. Remove oil pan and install new
tube or clean, if necessary.
10. Oil pump cover warped or
cracked.10. Install new oil pump.
9 - 12 ENGINENS
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)

2.4L ENGINE
INDEX
page page
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
ENGINE COMPONENTS.................. 15
ENGINE IDENTIFICATION................. 14
ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM............ 14
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
CHECKING ENGINE OIL PRESSURE......... 16
SERVICE PROCEDURES
CRANKSHAFT END PLAY................. 20
FITTING CONNECTING ROD BEARINGS..... 18
FITTING MAIN BEARINGS................. 19
FITTING PISTON RINGS.................. 16
FITTING PISTONS....................... 16
VALVE SERVICE RECONDITION............ 21
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
BALANCE SHAFTS CARRIER ASSEMBLY..... 30
CAMSHAFT FOLLOWER.................. 30
CAMSHAFT OIL SEALÐFRONT............. 41
CAMSHAFT............................ 28
CRANKSHAFT OIL SEALÐFRONT........... 42
CRANKSHAFT OIL SEALÐREAR............ 43
CRANKSHAFT.......................... 46
CYLINDER HEAD COVER................. 28
CYLINDER HEAD........................ 34
ENGINE ASSEMBLY...................... 26
ENGINE MOUNTÐFRONT................. 23
ENGINE MOUNTÐLEFT.................. 24
ENGINE MOUNTÐREAR.................. 25
ENGINE MOUNTÐRIGHT................. 24HYDRAULIC LASH ADJUSTER.............. 33
OILFILTER ............................ 47
OILPAN ............................... 45
OIL PUMP............................. 47
PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD........... 49
STRUCTURAL COLLAR................... 25
TIMING BELT COVER.................... 37
TIMING BELT TENSIONER ASSEMBLY....... 40
TIMING BELT........................... 37
VALVE SPRINGS AND
VALVE SEALS IN VEHICLE............... 33
VALVES AND VALVE SPRINGS............. 35
VIBRATION DAMPER.................... 36
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY
OIL PUMP............................. 50
CLEANING AND INSPECTION
OIL PUMP............................. 52
CRANKSHAFT.......................... 52
CYLINDER BLOCK....................... 54
CYLINDER HEAD........................ 51
VALVE AND VALVE SPRING................ 51
ADJUSTMENTS
ENGINE MOUNTS....................... 54
SPECIFICATIONS
2.4L ENGINE........................... 55
TORQUE CHART 2.4L.................... 57
SPECIAL TOOLS
2.4L ENGINE........................... 58
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
ENGINE IDENTIFICATION
The engine identification number is located on the
rear of the cylinder block (Fig. 1).
ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM
OIL PAN
A structural die cast aluminum oil pan provides
lower engine protection as well as serving as the
engine oil reservoir. Oil pan is attached to block and
sealed with a gasket. The oil pickup tube has a
strainer and cover.
PRESSURE LUBRICATION
Oil drawn up through the pickup tube is pressur-
ized by the pump and routed through the full flow fil-
ter to the main oil gallery running the length of thecylinder block. Oil pickup, pump and check valve pro-
vide oil flow to the main oil gallery.
MAIN/ROD BEARINGS
A diagonal hole in each bulkhead feeds oil to each
main bearing. Drilled passages within the crankshaft
route oil from main bearing journals to connecting
rod journals.
CAMSHAFT/HYDRAULIC LASH ADJUSTERS
A vertical hole at the number five bulkhead routes
pressurized oil through a restrictor up past a cylin-
der head bolt to an oil gallery running the length of
the cylinder head. The camshaft journals are par-
tially slotted to allow a predetermined amount of
pressurized oil to pass into the bearing cap cavities
with small holes directed to spray lubricate the cam-
shaft lobes.
9 - 14 2.4L ENGINENS