ignition Citroen BERLINGO FIRST DAG RHD 2009 1.G Owner's Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: CITROEN, Model Year: 2009, Model line: BERLINGO FIRST DAG RHD, Model: Citroen BERLINGO FIRST DAG RHD 2009 1.GPages: 123, PDF Size: 2.8 MB
Page 2 of 123
5FAMILIARISATION-
INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS
12. Windscreen demisting vents.
13. Speaker (tweeter).
14. Door window demisting vents.
15. Side adjustable heating/
ventilation vents.
16.
Passenger air bag disarming control.
17. Upper glove box or passenger air bag.
18. Lower glove box.
19. RD3 audio equipment.
20. Heating/air conditioning controls.
21. Storage compartment.
22. Movable ashtray.
23. Gear lever.
24. Lighter.
25. Handbrake.
26. Heated seats control.
27. Steering lock and ignition.
28. Steering wheel adjustment
control.
29. Bonnet release.
30. Fuse box.
31. Headlamp height adjustment.
32. Passenger's electric mirror
control.
1. Speed limiter/cruise control
switch.
2. Lights and direction indicators
controls.
3. Driver's air bag.
Horn.
4. Instrument panel.
5. Audio equipment steering wheel
control.
6. Wipers/wash-wipe controls.
7. Central adjustable heating/
ventilation vents.
8. Hazard warning lights switch.
9. Multifunction display or clock.
10. Central locking button.
11. Controls:
- Electric windows.
- Rear door windows or tailgate demisting.
- Air conditioning.
Page 3 of 123
FAMILIARISATION6 -
THE KEYS
The keys allow you to switch on the
ignition and operate the passenger
air bag disarming switch, as well as
to independently operate the locks
o n t h e d o o r s a n d t h e f u e l fi l l e r c a p .
STARTING The remote control
Central locking
From the front doors, the keys allow
you to lock and unlock the doors and
tailgate.
If one of the doors or the tailgate is
open, it is impossible to operate the
central locking.
The remote control performs the
same functions at a distance. Unlocking
Press button
B to unlock the vehicle.
T h i s i s c o n fi r m e d b y r a p i d fl a s h i n g o f
the direction indicators.
Locating the vehicle
To locate your vehicle, previously
locked, in a car park:
press button A , the courtesy lights
come on and the direction indica-
t o r s fl a s h f o r a f e w s e c o n d s .
54
Locking
Press button
A to lock the vehicle.
T h i s i s c o n fi r m e d b y fi x e d l i g h t i n g o f
the direction indicators for approxi-
mately two seconds. STOP position (S):
The ignition is off.
To release the steering, turn the
steering wheel slightly while turning
the key, without forcing it.
Accessories position (A):
The ignition is off but the accessories
can be used.
On position (M):
The ignition is on.
Starting position (D):
Operates the starter.
Release the key when the engine
has started. Never operate the starter
while the engine is running.
Page 6 of 123
9FAMILIARISATION-
REAR BENCH SEATS (7 SEAT VERSION)
Disarming the passenger air bag
With the ignition off , insert the
ignition key into the passenger
air bag switch 1 and turn it to the
"OFF" position.
As soon as you remove the child
seat, turn the air bag switch to the
"ON" position to activate the air
bag again. Disarming check
With the ignition switched
on (2 nd
notch), illumination
of this warning light indi-
cates that the passenger
air bag is disarmed (switch
in the "OFF" position).
The warning light remains on through-
out the duration of disarming.
79
Front air bags
These are folded in the centre of the
steering wheel for the driver and in the
fascia for the front passenger. They are
deployed simultaneously, except in cases
where the passenger air bag is disarmed.
Precautions regarding the
passenger air bag
disarm the air bag if you install a
rear-facing child seat,
activate the air bag for an adult
passenger.
78 Side air bags *
Side air bags are incorporated into the
front seat back frame, on the door side.
They are deployed independently of
each other, on whichever side the
collision occurs.
AIR BAGS
44
T h e 7 s e a t v e r s i o n i s fi t t e d w i t h a
2-seat bench in row 2 and a 3-seat
bench in row 3.
* According to version.
Page 15 of 123
19INSTRUMENTS, CONTROLS and DISPLAYS-
INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS
A permanently lit warning light or
o n e fl a s h i n g , w i t h t h e e n g i n e r u n -
n i n g , i n d i c a t e s a n o p e r a t i n g f a u l t
o f t h e u n i t c o n c e r n e d . T h e i l l u m i -
n a t i o n o f c e r t a i n w a r n i n g l i g h t s
m a y b e a c c o m p a n i e d b y a n a u d i -
b l e s i g n a l a n d a m e s s a g e o n t h e
d i s p l a y . D o n o t i g n o r e t h i s w a r n -
i n g : c o n s u l t a CITROËN d e a l e r a s
s o o n a s p o s s i b l e .
I f t h e c e n t r a l S T O P w a r n i n g l i g h t
c o m e s o n w h e n y o u a r e d r i v i n g ,
s t o p y o u r v e h i c l e i m m e d i a t e l y ,
w h e r e i t i s s a f e t o d o s o .
Central (STOP)
warning light
Linked to the warning
lights:
- ' ' e n g i n e o i l p r e s s u r e a n d t e m p e - r a t u r e ' ' ,
- ''low coolant level'',
- 'handbrake'',
- ' ' l o w b r a k e fl u i d l e v e l ' ' ,
- ' ' e l e c t r o n i c b r a k e f o r c e d i s t r i b u - t i o n s y s t e m f a u l t ' ' .
L i n k e d w i t h t h e " c o o l a n t t e m p e r a t u r e "
i n d i c a t o r .
Y o u m u s t s t o p i f t h e l i g h t fl a s h e s
w i t h t h e e n g i n e r u n n i n g .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r . E n g i n e o i l p r e s s u r e
a n d t e m p e r a t u r e
warning light
Linked to the central (STOP) warning
l i g h t .
Y o u m u s t s t o p .
This warning light indicates one of
the following:
- i n s u f fi c i e n t o i l p r e s s u r e i n d i c a t e d by the message " O i l p r e s s u r e
i n s u f fi c i e n t " o n t h e d i s p l a y .
- a l a c k o f o i l i n t h e l u b r i c a t i o n c i r c u i t . T o p u p t h e l e v e l .
- a n o i l t e m p e r a t u r e w h i c h i s t o o h i g h . T o l o w e r t h e o i l t e m p e r a t u r e ,
r e d u c e y o u r s p e e d .
Lighting of the warning light is ac-
c o m p a n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
L o w e n g i n e c o o l a n t
l e v e l w a r n i n g l i g h t
Linked to the central (STOP)
w a r n i n g l i g h t .
This comes on for a few seconds
w h e n t h e i g n i t i o n i s s w i t c h e d o n .
Lighting of this warning light is ac-
c o m p a n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d
the message " T o p u p e n g i n e fl u i d
l e v e l " o n t h e d i s p l a y .
Y o u m u s t s t o p .
Wait for the engine to cool before
t o p p i n g u p t h e l e v e l .
T h e c o o l i n g c i r c u i t i s p r e s s u r i s e d . H a n d b r a k e , l o w
b r a k e f l u i d l e v e l a n d
E l e c t r o n i c B r a k e F o r c e
D i s t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m
f a u l t w a r n i n g l i g h t
Linked to the central (STOP) warning
l i g h t .
This comes on each time the ignition
i s s w i t c h e d o n .
Lighting of this warning light is ac-
c o m p a n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d
a message on the display indicating
t h e c a u s e o f t h e w a r n i n g :
- " H a n d b r a k e o n " , if the hand-
b r a k e i s a p p l i e d o r n o t f u l l y r e -
l e a s e d .
- " B r a k e fl u i d l e v e l l o w " if there is
a n e x c e s s i v e d r o p i n b r a k e fl u i d
level (if the warning light remains
on even when the handbrake is
r e l e a s e d ) .
- " B r a k i n g f a u l t " is displayed to-
gether with the ABS warning
l i g h t , i n d i c a t i n g a m a l f u n c t i o n o f
the Electronic Brake Force Distri-
b u t i o n s y s t e m . Y o u m u s t s t o p .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
In the event of breakdown and to
pre-
v e n t a n y r i s k o f b u r n s , u n s c r e w t h e
c a p b y t w o t u r n s t o a l l o w t h e p r e s -
s u r e t o d r o p .
W h e n t h e p r e s s u r e h a s d r o p p e d , r e -
m o v e t h e c a p a n d t o p u p t h e l e v e l .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
Page 16 of 123
INSTRUMENTS, CONTROLS and DISPLAYS20 - B a t t e r y c h a r g e w a r n i n g
light
This comes on for a few se-
conds when the ignition is
s w i t c h e d o n . L i g h t i n g o f t h i s w a r n i n g
l i g h t , w h e n t h e e n g i n e i s r u n n i n g , a c -
c o m p a n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d
the message " B a t t e r y c h a r g e f a u l t "
on the display, indicates one of the
following:
- f a u l t y o p e r a t i o n o f t h e c h a r g i n g c i r c u i t ,
- slack battery or starter terminals,
- a c u t o r s l a c k a l t e r n a t o r b e l t ,
- a n a l t e r n a t o r f a i l u r e .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r . E m i s s i o n c o n t r o l
s y s t e m w a r n i n g l i g h t
This comes on for a few
seconds each time the igni-
t i o n i s s w i t c h e d o n .
I f i t c o m e s o n w i t h t h e e n g i n e r u n n i n g ,
a c c o m p a n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l
and the message on the display:
- " A n t i p o l l u t i o n f a u l t " , this indi-
c a t e s a f a i l u r e o f t h e e m i s s i o n
c o n t r o l s y s t e m .
- " C a t a l y t i c c o n v e r t e r f a u l t " , this
i n d i c a t e s a m a l f u n c t i o n o f t h e i n -
j e c t i o n o r i g n i t i o n s y s t e m . T h e r e
is a risk of damage to the catalytic
c o n v e r t e r ( p e t r o l e n g i n e o n l y ) .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
D i e s e l e n g i n e
pre-heat warning
light
W a i t u n t i l t h e w a r n i n g l i g h t g o e s o u t
b e f o r e s t a r t i n g t h e e n g i n e .
I f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e i s h i g h e n o u g h ,
the warning light comes on for less
t h a n o n e s e c o n d . Y o u c a n s t a r t t h e
e n g i n e w i t h o u t w a i t i n g . L o w f u e l l e v e l
warning light
This comes on for a few
seconds when the igni-
t i o n i s s w i t c h e d o n .
When the ignition is on, it is accom-
p a n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d t h e
message " F u e l l e v e l l o w " on the
d i s p l a y .
I f i t fl a s h e s w i t h t h e f u e l g a u g e n e e d l e
in the lowest position, when the igni-
t i o n i s o n , t h i s i n d i c a t e s a m a l f u n c t i o n
o f t h e f u e l g a u g e .
W h e n t h i s w a r n i n g l i g h t fi r s t c o m e s
o n , y o u h a v e e n o u g h f u e l l e f t t o d r i v e
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 m i l e s ( 5 0 k m ) .
Capacity of the tank:
- approximately 55 litres for petrol engines,
- approximately 60 litres for Diesel e n g i n e s .
W a t e r i n d i e s e l f i l t e r
i n d i c a t o r *
There is a risk of damage to the
i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r a s s o o n
a s p o s s i b l e .
A n t i - l o c k b r a k i n g
s y s t e m ( A B S ) w a r n i n g
light
This comes on for a few seconds each
t i m e t h e i g n i t i o n i s s w i t c h e d o n .
If the warning light remains on or
comes on above 8 mph (12 km/h),
t h i s i n d i c a t e s a n A B S m a l f u n c t i o n .
However, the vehicle retains conven-
t i o n a l s e r v o - a s s i s t e d b r a k i n g .
Lighting of this warning light, accom-
p a n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d t h e
message " A B S f a u l t " on the display,
i n d i c a t e s a n A B S f a u l t .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
* A c c o r d i n g t o c o u n t r y .
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21INSTRUMENTS, CONTROLS and DISPLAYS-
S e a t b e l t n o t f a s t e n e d
w a r n i n g l i g h t *
When the ignition is switched
on, this indicator light comes
on if the driver has not fastened his
s e a t b e l t .
Above 12 mph (20 km/h), the warn-
i n g l i g h t fl a s h e s f o r t w o m i n u t e s .
O n c e t h e t w o m i n u t e s h a v e e l a p s e d ,
t h e w a r n i n g l i g h t r e m a i n s o n u n t i l t h e
d r i v e r f a s t e n s h i s s e a t b e l t . C o o l a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n d i c a t o r
- needle in zone (A) , the tempera-
t u r e i s c o r r e c t ,
- needle in zone ( B ) , the tempera-
t u r e i s t o o h i g h . T h e c e n t r a l STOP
w a r n i n g l i g h t fl a s h e s , a c c o m p a -
n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d t h e
message " E n g i n e c o o l a n t t e m p .
too high" o n t h e d i s p l a y .
Y o u m u s t s t o p .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
* A c c o r d i n g t o c o u n t r y . P a s s e n g e r a i r b a g
d i s a r m e d w a r n i n g
l i g h t *
Lighting of this warning light is accom-
panied by the message " P a s s e n g e r
a i r b a g d e a c t i v a t e d " o n t h e d i s p l a y .
If the passenger air bag is disarmed,
the warning light comes on when
the ignition is switched on and it re-
m a i n s o n .
A l w a y s c o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r i f
t h e w a r n i n g l i g h t fl a s h e s . F r o n t a n d s i d e a i r b a g s
warning light
This comes on for a few
seconds when the ignition is
s w i t c h e d o n .
W i t h t h e e n g i n e r u n n i n g , i l l u m i n a t i o n
of this warning light accompanied by
a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d t h e m e s s a g e
" A i r b a g f a u l t " o n t h e m u l t i f u n c t i o n
d i s p l a y , i n d i c a t e s a f a u l t i n t h e a i r
b a g s .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
Page 18 of 123
21INSTRUMENTS, CONTROLS and DISPLAYS-
S e a t b e l t n o t f a s t e n e d
w a r n i n g l i g h t *
When the ignition is switched
on, this indicator light comes
on if the driver has not fastened his
s e a t b e l t .
Above 12 mph (20 km/h), the warn-
i n g l i g h t fl a s h e s f o r t w o m i n u t e s .
O n c e t h e t w o m i n u t e s h a v e e l a p s e d ,
t h e w a r n i n g l i g h t r e m a i n s o n u n t i l t h e
d r i v e r f a s t e n s h i s s e a t b e l t . C o o l a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n d i c a t o r
- needle in zone (A) , the tempera-
t u r e i s c o r r e c t ,
- needle in zone ( B ) , the tempera-
t u r e i s t o o h i g h . T h e c e n t r a l STOP
w a r n i n g l i g h t fl a s h e s , a c c o m p a -
n i e d b y a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d t h e
message " E n g i n e c o o l a n t t e m p .
too high" o n t h e d i s p l a y .
Y o u m u s t s t o p .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
* A c c o r d i n g t o c o u n t r y . P a s s e n g e r a i r b a g
d i s a r m e d w a r n i n g
l i g h t *
Lighting of this warning light is accom-
panied by the message " P a s s e n g e r
a i r b a g d e a c t i v a t e d " o n t h e d i s p l a y .
If the passenger air bag is disarmed,
the warning light comes on when
the ignition is switched on and it re-
m a i n s o n .
A l w a y s c o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r i f
t h e w a r n i n g l i g h t fl a s h e s . F r o n t a n d s i d e a i r b a g s
warning light
This comes on for a few
seconds when the ignition is
s w i t c h e d o n .
W i t h t h e e n g i n e r u n n i n g , i l l u m i n a t i o n
of this warning light accompanied by
a n a u d i b l e s i g n a l a n d t h e m e s s a g e
" A i r b a g f a u l t " o n t h e m u l t i f u n c t i o n
d i s p l a y , i n d i c a t e s a f a u l t i n t h e a i r
b a g s .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
Page 19 of 123
INSTRUMENTS, CONTROLS and DISPLAYS22 - S e r v i c e i n d i c a t o r
T h i s i s a v i s u a l r e m i n d e r o f w h e n t h e
n e x t s e r v i c e i s d u e . T h i s s e r v i c e i s t o
b e c a r r i e d o u t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m a n u -
f a c t u r e r ' s s e r v i c i n g s c h e d u l e . 5 seconds after the ignition is switched
o n , t h e t o t a l d i s t a n c e r e c o r d e r r e s u m e s
normal operation and the display shows
t h e t o t a l o r t r i p d i s t a n c e s .
T h e d i s t a n c e r e m a i n i n g b e f o r e t h e n e x t
s e r v i c e i s l e s s t h a n 5 0 0 m i l e s ( 1 , 0 0 0 k m ) .
Example: 400 miles (900 km) remain
b e f o r e t h e n e x t s e r v i c e i s d u e .
When switching on the ignition and
for 5 seconds, the display shows:
5 seconds after the ignition is
switched on, the total distance re-
c o r d e r r e s u m e s n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n
a n d t h e s y m b o l r e m a i n s l i t .
T h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t a s e r v i c e s h o u l d
b e c a r r i e d o u t s h o r t l y . T h e d i s p l a y
s h o w s t h e t o t a l o r t r i p d i s t a n c e s . T h e s e r v i c e i s o v e r d u e .
Each time the ignition is switched on
and for 5 seconds, the symbol and
t h e e x c e s s d i s t a n c e fl a s h .
Example: t h e s e r v i c e i s o v e r d u e b y
3 0 0 m i l e s / k m . T h e s e r v i c e s h o u l d b e
c a r r i e d o u t v e r y s h o r t l y .
When the ignition is switched on and
for 5 seconds, the display shows:
5 seconds after the ignition is
switched on, the total distance re-
c o r d e r r e s u m e s n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n a n d
t h e s y m b o l r e m a i n s l i t . T h e d i s p l a y
s h o w s t h e t o t a l o r t r i p d i s t a n c e s .
Note: the spanner lights if the two-year
i n t e r v a l h a s b e e n e x c e e d e d .
INSTRUMENT PANEL DISPLAY
After switching on the ignition, three
f u n c t i o n s a r e s h o w n i n s u c c e s s i o n :
- service indicator,
- engine oil level indicator,
- total distance recorder/total and t r i p d i s t a n c e s .
Note
: the total and trip distances are
displayed for 30 seconds when the
ignition is switched off, on opening
the driver's door, as well as on lock-
i n g a n d u n l o c k i n g t h e v e h i c l e .
Example: 4,800 miles/km remain be-
f o r e t h e n e x t s e r v i c e i s d u e . W h e n t h e
ignition comes on and for 5 seconds
the display shows:
Operation
As soon as the ignition is switched
on and for 5 seconds, the spanner
s y m b o l i s i n g ' ' s e r v i c e o p e r a t i o n ' ' i s l i t .
The trip recorder display shows the
d i s t a n c e r e m a i n i n g ( i n r o u n d fi g u r e s )
b e f o r e t h e n e x t s e r v i c e .
Page 20 of 123
23INSTRUMENTS, CONTROLS and DISPLAYS-
E n g i n e o i l l e v e l i n d i c a t o r
When the ignition is switched on,
the engine oil level is indicated for
approximately 10 seconds, after the
s e r v i c e i n f o r m a t i o n .
F l a s h i n g o f t h e s i x s q u a r e s a n d d i s -
p l a y i n g o f " m a x " i n d i c a t e a s u r p l u s o f
o i l w h i c h c o u l d d a m a g e t h e e n g i n e .
I f t h e s u r p l u s o f o i l i s c o n fi r m e d b y
a c h e c k u s i n g t h e d i p s t i c k , c o n t a c t a
C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r w i t h o u t d e l a y .
Y o u r C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r c a r r i e s o u t
t h i s o p e r a t i o n a f t e r e a c h s e r v i c e .
T h e r e s e t p r o c e d u r e i s a s f o l l o w s :
- S w i t c h o f f t h e i g n i t i o n .
- P r e s s a n d h o l d b u t t o n
1 .
- S w i t c h o n t h e i g n i t i o n .
T h e d i s p l a y b e g i n s a 1 0 s e c o n d c o u n t -
d o w n .
-
K e e p b u t t o n 1 p r e s s e d f o r 1 0 s e c o n d s .
The display shows [=0] and the spanner
d i s a p p e a r s .
Flashing of the six segments and dis-
playing of "min" indicate a lack of oil
w h i c h c o u l d d a m a g e t h e e n g i n e .
I f t h e l a c k o f o i l i s c o n fi r m e d b y a
c h e c k u s i n g t h e d i p s t i c k , i t i s e s s e n t i a l
t h a t t h e l e v e l i s t o p p e d u p . Flashing of the six segments indi-
c a t e s a m a l f u n c t i o n o f t h e o i l l e v e l
i n d i c a t o r .
There is a risk of damage to the
e n g i n e .
C o n s u l t a C I T R O Ë N d e a l e r .
T h e l e v e l r e a d o n t h e d i p s t i c k o r o n
t h e i n d i c a t o r w i l l o n l y b e c o r r e c t i f
t h e v e h i c l e i s o n l e v e l g r o u n d a n d
t h e e n g i n e h a s b e e n o f f f o r m o r e
t h a n 1 5 m i n u t e s .
R e s e t t i n g t h e s e r v i c e i n d i c a t o r
S u r p l u s o f o i l
L a c k o f o i l O i l l e v e l i n d i c a t o r f a u l t
Page 25 of 123
AUDIO EQUIPMENT28 - GENERAL
FUNCTIONS AUDIO SETTINGS
Adjusting the loudness
This function automatically emphasises
bass and treble tones. Press button I or
J to switch the function on or off.
On/off
With the ignition key
in the accessories or
ignition position, press
button
A to switch the
set on or off.
The set can operate for 30 minutes
without the vehicle ignition being
switched on.
Anti-theft system
The audio system is coded in such a
way that it can operate only on your
v e h i c l e . I t w o u l d n o t f u n c t i o n i f fi t t e d
to another vehicle.
The anti-theft system is automatic
and requires no action on your
part.
ADJUSTING THE VOLUME Adjusting the bass
Adjusting the treble
When
"TREB" is displayed, press
button I or J to vary the setting.
- "TREB -9" for a minimum treble
setting,
- "TREB 0" for a normal setting,
- "TREB +9" for a maximum treble
setting.
Press button
H several
times in succession
to access the bass
(BASS) , treble (TREB) ,
loudness (LOUD) ,
fader (FAD) , balance
(BAL) and automatic
volume correction.
Exit from audio mode is automatic
after a few seconds without pressing
any button, or by pressing button H
a f t e r c o n fi g u r a t i o n o f t h e a u t o m a t i c
volume correction.
Note: bass and treble settings are
s p e c i fi c t o e a c h s o u r c e . I t i s p o s s i b l e t o
set them differently for radio, cassette
(RB3) , CD (RD3) and CD changer. When
"BASS" is dis-
played, press button
I or J to vary the set-
ting.
- "BASS -9" for a
minimum bass
setting,
- "BASS 0" for a normal setting,
- "BASS +9" for a maximum bass
setting.
Press button C to in-
crease the volume, or
button B to decrease it.
Continuous pressure
on buttons C and B al-
lows a gradual adjust-
ment of the volume.