sensor CITROEN DS3 CROSSBACK 2019 Owners Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: CITROEN, Model Year: 2019, Model line: DS3 CROSSBACK, Model: CITROEN DS3 CROSSBACK 2019Pages: 244, PDF Size: 7.7 MB
Page 5 of 244

3
Contents
  
  
bit.ly/helpPSA 
 
 
115 Active Safety Brake with Collision Risk Alert and 
Intelligent emergency braking assistance 
117
 Parking sensors 
118 Reversing camera 
121 Park Assist 
124 DS PARK PILOT 
07 Practical information
129 Compatibility of fuels 
129 Refuelling 
130 Misfuel prevention (Diesel) 
130 Charging system (Electric) 
134 Charging the traction battery (Electric) 
137 Towing device 
137 Roof bars 
138 Snow chains 
138 Energy economy mode 
139 Bonnet 
140 Engine compartment 
140 Checking levels 
142 Checks 
144 AdBlue® (BlueHDi) 
146 Free-wheeling 
146 Advice on care and maintenance 
08 In the event of a breakdown
148 Warning triangle 
148 Running out of fuel (Diesel) 
148 Tool kit 
150 Temporary puncture repair kit 
152 Spare wheel 
155 Changing a bulb 
159 Changing a fuse 
161 12 V battery / Accessory battery 
165 Towing the vehicle 
09 Technical data
168 Engine technical data and towed loads 
169 Petrol engines 
170 Diesel engines 
171 Electric motor 
172 Identification markings 
172 Dimensions 
10 Touch screen BLUETOOTH audio system
173 First steps 
173 Steering mounted controls 
174 Menus 
175 Radio 
176 DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) radio 
177 Media 
178 Telephone 
179 Settings 
180 Frequently asked questions 
11 DS CONNECT RADIO
182 First steps 
183 Steering mounted controls 
184 Menus 
185 Applications 
185 Radio 
187 DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) radio 
187 Media 
188 Telephone 
192 Settings 
193 Frequently asked questions 
12 DS CONNECT NAV
195 First steps 
196 Steering mounted controls 
196 Menus 
198 Voice commands 
201 Navigation 
204 Connected navigation 
206 Applications 
209 Radio 
210 DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) radio 
210 Media 
212 Telephone 
214 Settings 
216 Frequently asked questions 
Alphabetical index 
Access to additional videos  
Page 16 of 244

14
Instruments01
Drive carefully at moderate speed, then carry out 
(3).
Engine self-diagnostic system(Petrol or Diesel)Flashing.
The engine management system has a 
fault.
There is a risk that the catalytic converter will be 
destroyed.
You must carry out (2).
Fixed.
The emissions control system has a fault.
The warning lamp should go off when the engine 
is started.
Carry out (3) quickly.
Dynamic stability control (DSC)/Anti-slip 
regulation (ASR)
Flashing.
DSC/ASR regulation is activated in the 
event of a loss of grip or trajectory.
Fixed.
The DSC/ASR system has a fault.
Carry out (3).
Emergency brake malfunction (with electric 
parking brake)
Fixed, accompanied by the message 
"Parking brake fault".
Emergency braking does not deliver optimal 
performance.
If automatic release is not available, use manual 
release or carry out (3).
Hill start assistFixed, accompanied by the message 
"Anti roll-back system fault".
The system has a fault.
Carry out (3).
Dynamic stability control (DSC) / Anti-slip 
regulation (ASR)
Fixed.
The system is deactivated.
The DSC / ASR system is automatically 
reactivated when the vehicle is restarted, and 
from around 31 mph (50 km/h).
Below 31 mph (50 km/h), it can be reactivated 
manually.
Under-inflationFixed.
The pressure in one or more tyres is too 
low.
Check the pressure of the tyres as soon as 
possible.
Reinitialise the detection system after adjusting 
the pressure.
Under-inflation warning lamp 
flashing then fixed and Service 
warning lamp fixed.
The tyre pressure monitoring system is faulty.
Under-inflation detection is no longer monitored.
Check the tyre pressures as soon as possible and 
carry out (3).
Parking sensorsFixed, accompanied by the display of a 
message and an audible signal.
The system has a fault.
Carry out (3).
Engine pre-heating (Diesel)Temporarily on
(up to approximately 30 seconds in severe 
weather conditions).
When switching on the ignition, if the weather 
conditions and the engine temperature make it 
necessary.
Wait until the warning lamp goes off before 
starting.
When the warning lamp goes off, starting will 
occur immediately if you press and hold:
–
 
the clut
 ch pedal with a manual gearbox.
–
 
the brak
 e pedal with an automatic gearbox.
If the engine does not start, make the engine 
starting request again, while keeping your foot on 
the pedal.
AirbagsFixed.
One of the airbags or seat belt pyrotechnic 
pretensioners is faulty.
Carry out (3).
Front passenger airbag (ON)Fixed.
The front passenger airbag is activated.
The control is in the "ON" position.  
Page 25 of 244

23
Instruments01
– Audio system and telephone controls and 
display of related information.
–
 
V
 ehicle function and equipment setting menus.
–
 
Air c
 onditioning system controls (depending on 
version).
For safety reasons, always stop the 
vehicle before performing operations that 
require sustained attention.
Some functions are not accessible while 
driving.
Recommendations
Do not use pointed objects on the touch screen.
Do not touch the touch screen with wet hands.
Use a soft, clean cloth to clean the touch screen.
Main commands
With the ignition off: system start-up.
With the engine running: mute.
Left thumbwheel: volume adjustment 
(rotation)/direct access to the Media 
menu (press).
Right thumbwheel: air flow adjustment (rotation)/
direct access to the Air conditioning menu 
(press).
Access to menus. 
Return to the previous screen or confirm. 
After a few moments with no action on 
the second page, the first page is 
displayed automatically.
Menus 
 
Radio
See the "Audio equipment and telematics" 
section.
Media
See the "Audio equipment and telematics" 
section.
Air conditioning
Settings for temperature, air flow, etc.
For more information on the Manual air 
conditioning, refer to the corresponding section.
Telephone
See the "Audio equipment and telematics" 
section.
Driving
Activation, deactivation and settings of 
certain functions.
Settings
Main system settings.
7-inch or 10-inch touch 
screen
This system gives access to the following 
elements:
–
 
Permanen
 t display of the time and the exterior 
temperature (a blue warning lamp appears if 
there is a risk of ice).
–
 
Hea
 ting/air conditioning controls.
–
 
V
 ehicle functions and equipment setting 
menus.
–
 
Audio s
 ystem and telephone controls and 
display of related information.
–
 
Displa
 y of visual manoeuvring aid functions 
(visual parking sensor information, Park Assist, 
etc.).
–
 
In
 ternet services and display of related 
information.
–
 
Na
 vigation system controls and 
display of related information (depending on 
version).
For safety reasons, always stop the 
vehicle before performing operations that 
require sustained attention.
Some functions are not accessible while 
driving.
Recommendations
This screen is of the capacitive type.
Do not use pointed objects on the touch screen.
Do not touch the touch screen with wet hands.  
Page 44 of 244

42
Ease of use and comfort03
Automatic "electrochrome" model 
 
This system automatically and progressively 
transitions between day and night modes, using a 
sensor that measures the light entering from the 
rear of the vehicle.
To ensure optimum visibility during your 
manoeuvres, the mirror lightens 
automatically when reverse gear is engaged.
Rear bench seat
Bench seat with fixed cushions and split folding 
backrests (2/3-1/3) to adapt the boot load space.
Rear head restraints 
 
They have two positions: –   A 
high position, for when the seat is in use:
►  Pull the head restraint fully up.
–   A 
low position, for stowing, when the seat is 
not in use: ►  Press the lug A to release the head restraint 
and push it down.
The rear head restraints can be removed.
Removing a head restraint 
 
►  Release the backrest using control 1.
►  Tilt the backrest slightly forwards.
►  Pull the head restraint fully up.
►  Press the lug A to release the head restraint 
and remove it completely.
Refitting a head restraint
►  Insert the head restraint rods into the guides 
in the corresponding seat backrest.
►  Push the head restraint down as far as it will 
go.
►  Press the lug A to release the head restraint 
and push it down.
Never drive with passengers seated at the 
rear when the head restraints are 
removed; the head restraints should be in 
place and in the high position.
The head restraint for the centre seat 
and those for the outer seats are not 
interchangeable.
Folding the backrests
Manoeuvring the seat backrests should 
only be done when the vehicle is 
stationary.
First steps:
►  Lower the head restraints.
►  If necessary, move the front seats forward.
►  Check that no person or object will interfere 
with folding down the backrests (clothing, 
luggage, etc.).
►  Check that the seat belts are free, not 
engaged in the buckles. Release them so that the 
backrest can be moved.
 
 
►  Press the backrest release grip 1.
►  Guide backrest 2 down to the horizontal 
position.
When the backrest is released, the red 
indicator is visible in the release grip.
Repositioning the backrests
First check that the outer seat belts are 
lying vertically flat alongside the backrest 
latching rings.
   
Page 46 of 244

44Ease of use and comfort03
air outlets and the air extractor in the boot free 
from obstructions.
► Do not cover the sunshine sensor located 
on the dashboard; this sensor is used to 
regulate the automatic air conditioning 
system.
►  Operate the air conditioning system for at 
least 5 to 10 minutes once or twice a month to 
keep it in perfect working order.
►  If the system does not produce cold air, 
switch it off and contact a dealer or a qualified 
workshop.
When towing the maximum load on a steep 
gradient in high temperatures, switching off 
the air conditioning increases the available 
engine power, enhancing the towing capacity.
Avoid driving for too long with the 
ventilation off or with prolonged operation 
of interior air recirculation. Risk of misting and 
deterioration of the air quality!
If the interior temperature is very high 
after the vehicle has stood for a long 
time in the sunshine, air the passenger 
compartment for a few moments.
Put the air flow control at a setting high 
enough to quickly change the air in the 
passenger compartment.
Condensation created by the air 
conditioning results in a discharge of 
water underneath the vehicle. This is perfectly 
normal.
Servicing the ventilation and air 
conditioning system
►  Ensure that the passenger compartment 
filter is in good condition and have the filter 
elements replaced regularly.
We recommend using a composite passenger 
compartment filter. Thanks to its special 
active additive, this type of filter helps to 
purify the air breathed by the occupants 
and keep the passenger compartment clean 
(by reducing allergic symptoms, unpleasant 
odours and greasy deposits).
►  To ensure correct operation of the 
air conditioning system, have it checked 
according to the recommendations in the 
Maintenance and Warranty Guide.
Stop & Start
The heating and air conditioning systems 
only operate when the engine is running.
Temporarily deactivate the Stop & Start 
system to maintain a comfortable temperature 
in the passenger compartment.
For more information on the Stop & Start, refer 
to the corresponding section.
Manual air conditioning
Press the Climate button to display the 
system controls page.
 
 
1. Temperature adjustment
2. Air flow adjustment
3. Air distribution adjustment
4. Air conditioning on/off
Temperature adjustment
►  Press one of the buttons 1 (- or +) to adjust the 
temperature to your liking.
Air flow adjustment
►  Press one of the buttons 2 (- or +) or turn the 
knob 2 to decrease or increase the speed of the 
fan.
When the air flow is reduced to a minimum, 
ventilation stops.
Air distribution adjustment
►  Press button 3 to adjust the air flow 
distribution inside the passenger compartment.
Central and side air vents, footwells 
Central and side air vents 
Windscreen 
Windscreen, footwells 
Footwells 
Air conditioning on / off
The air conditioning system is designed to 
operate effectively in all seasons, with the 
windows closed.
It is used to:
–  lower the temperature in summer,
–  increase the effectiveness of the demisting in 
winter, above 3°C.
►  Press button 4 to activate/deactivate the air 
conditioning system.
Air conditioning does not operate when 
the air flow is disabled.
To obtain cool air more quickly, enable interior 
air recirculation for a brief period. Then return 
to the intake of exterior air.
Switching off the air conditioning may result in 
some discomfort (humidity or misting).   
Page 57 of 244

55Lighting and visibility04
If the driver's door is opened, a temporary 
audible signal warns the driver that the lamps 
are on.
They will go off automatically after a period 
of time that depends on the state of charge of 
the battery (entering energy economy mode).
In some weather conditions (e.g. low 
temperature or humidity), the presence of 
misting on the internal surface of the glass of 
the headlamps and rear lamps is normal; it 
disappears after the lamps have been on for a 
few minutes.
Never look too closely at the luminous 
beam of “Full LED” headlamps: risk of 
serious eye injury.
Travelling abroad
Vehicles equipped with halogen 
headlamps:
If planning to use your vehicle in a country 
that drives on the other side of the road, the 
headlamp dipped beams must be adjusted to 
avoid dazzling oncoming drivers. Contact a 
dealer or a qualified workshop.
Daytime running lamps/
sidelamps
The front and rear lamps light up automatically 
when the engine starts.
They provide the following functions:
–  Da ytime running lamps (lighting control stalk at 
position "AUTO" with adequate light level).
–
 
Sidelamp
 s (lighting control stalk "AUTO" 
position with low light levels or "Sidelamps only” 
or "Dipped/main beam headlamps").
The LEDs are brighter when operating as 
daytime running lamps.
Direction indicators 
 
►  Left or right: lower or raise the lighting control 
stalk, beyond the point of resistance.
If you forget to cancel the direction 
indicators for more than 20 seconds, the 
volume of the audible signal will increase if the 
speed is above 50 mph (80 km/h).
Three flashes
►  Press briefly upwards or downwards, without 
going beyond the point of resistance; the direction 
indicators will flash 3 times.
Parking lamps
Vehicle side marking by lighting the sidelamps on 
the traffic side only.
►  Depending on version, within one minute 
of switching off the ignition, move the lighting 
control stalk up or down, depending which side 
the traffic is on (for example, when parking on the 
left, moving the lighting control stalk upwards 
turns on the right-hand sidelamps).
This is confirmed by an audible signal and the 
lighting of the corresponding direction indicator 
lamp on the instrument panel.
►  To switch off the parking lamps, return the 
lighting control stalk to the central position.
Automatic illumination of 
headlamps
When the ring is at the “AUTO" position and 
a low level of ambient light is detected by the 
rain/sunshine sensor, the number plate lamps, 
sidelamps and dipped beam headlamps are 
switched on automatically, without any action on 
the part of the driver. They may also come on if 
rain is detected, at the same time as automatic 
operation of the windscreen wipers.   
Page 58 of 244

56Lighting and visibility04
As soon as the brightness returns to a sufficient 
level or after the windscreen wipers are switched 
off, the lamps are switched off automatically.
Malfunction
In the event of a malfunction of the rain/
sunshine sensor, the vehicle’s lighting 
comes on and this warning lamp is displayed in 
the instrument panel, accompanied by an audible 
signal and/or the display of a message.
Contact a dealer or a qualified workshop.
Do not cover the rain/sunshine sensor 
located at the top centre of the 
windscreen behind the interior rear view 
mirror; the associated functions would no 
longer be controlled.
In fog or snow, the rain/sunshine sensor 
may detect sufficient light. In this case, 
the lighting will not come on automatically.
Headlamp beam height 
adjustment
Manual adjustment of the 
halogen headlamps
 
 
 
 
To avoid causing a nuisance to other road users, 
the height of these headlamp beams should be 
adjusted according to the load in the vehicle.
0 (Initial setting) Driver only or driver + front passenger
1 5 people
2 5 people + load in the boot
3 Driver only + load in the boot
4 5 6 Not used
Automatic DS MATRIX LED 
VISION headlamp adjustment
This system automatically adjusts the height of 
the headlamp beams according to the load in the 
vehicle.
In the event of a malfunction, this warning 
lamp comes on on the instrument panel, 
accompanied by the display of a message and an 
audible signal.
The system then places the headlamp beams in 
the lowest position.
Have the system checked by a dealer or a 
qualified workshop.
Do not touch the DS Matrix LED Vision 
headlamps - risk of electrocution!
Guide-me-home and 
welcome lighting
Guide-me-home lighting
Automatic
With the ring in the "AUTO" position, when the 
light is poor, the dipped beam headlamps come on 
automatically when the ignition is switched off.
You can activate/deactivate this function 
and adjust the guide-me-home lighting 
duration in the Driving / Vehicle touch screen 
menu.
Manual 
 
►  With the ignition off, pull the lighting control 
stalk toward you ("headlamp flash") to activate/
deactivate the function.
Manual guide-me-home lighting goes off 
automatically after a period of time.
Welcome lighting
When the vehicle is unlocked in low light 
conditions and the "Automatic illumination of 
headlamps" function is activated, this system 
automatically switches on:
–  On the outside, sidelamps, dipped beam 
headlamps and door mirror spotlamps.
–  Inside, courtesy lamps and footwell lighting.
Activation / deactivation and adjustment 
of the duration of the welcome lighting are 
set via the Driving / Vehicle touch screen menu.
Door mirror spotlamps
These spotlamps facilitate access to the vehicle 
by lighting the ground near the front doors.
The spotlamps come on automatically:
–  when the vehicle is unlocked.
–  when a door is opened.   
Page 61 of 244

59
Lighting and visibility04
When an oncoming vehicle approaches, only 
those lamp segments directed at this vehicle 
go off, thereby creating a "tunnel" during the 
duration of the approach.
Nominal main beam lighting is restored as soon 
as the vehicle is no longer detected by the system.
Entering an illuminated area
At the entrance to an illuminated area (for 
example, a town), the lamp segments are 
gradually switched off from the outside to the 
inside of the vehicle to switch to the dipped 
beams.
Exiting an illuminated area
The lamp segments gradually light up from the 
inside to the outside of the vehicle to restore the 
main beams.
Activation/Deactivation
►  Turn the lighting control stalk ring to the 
"AUTO" position.
This indicator lamp comes on in the 
instrument panel.
The function can be activated and 
deactivated in the Driving / Vehicle touch 
screen menu.
When deactivated, the lighting system changes to 
"automatic illumination of lamps" mode.
The status of the system remains in the memory 
when the ignition is switched off.
Pause
If the situation requires a change of headlamp 
beam, the driver can take over at any time.
►  Flashing the headlamps pauses the 
function and the system changes to "automatic 
illumination of headlamps" mode:
To reactivate the system, flash the headlamps 
again.
Malfunction
If a fault occurs with the adaptive 
headlamp lighting or the camera, this 
warning lamp is displayed in the instrument 
panel, accompanied by an audible signal and a 
message.
Contact a dealer or a qualified workshop.
Do not cover the sunshine sensor, linked 
to the rain sensor and located at the top 
centre of the windscreen behind the interior 
rear view mirror; the associated functions 
would no longer be controlled.
The system may suffer interference or not 
work correctly:
–
 
under c
 onditions of poor visibility (snow, 
heavy rain, etc.),
–
 
if the windscreen in fron
 t of the camera is 
dirty, misted or obscured (for example, by a 
sticker, etc.),
–
 
if the v
 ehicle is facing highly reflective signs 
or safety barrier reflectors.
It is recommended to deactivate the function 
in foggy or snowy conditions or in case of 
heavy mist.
The function temporarily deactivates when 
the system detects thick fog or when you 
switch on the foglamps. This is signalled by 
the extinction of the indicator lamp in the 
instrument panel.
The system is not able to detect:
–
 
road users tha
 t do not have their own 
lighting, such as pedestrians,
–
 
v
 ehicles whose lighting is obscured (for 
example: vehicles running behind a safety 
barrier on a motorway),
–
 
v
 ehicles at the top or bottom of a steep 
slope, on winding roads, on crossroads.
Clean the windscreen regularly, 
particularly the area in front of the 
camera.
Do not allow snow to accumulate on the 
bonnet or roof of the vehicle as this could 
obstruct the detection camera.
Travelling abroad
Vehicles equipped with the DS MATRIX 
LED VISION function:
If using your vehicle in a country that drives 
on the other side of the road to the country of 
sale, deactivate this function to avoid dazzling 
oncoming drivers.  
Page 64 of 244

62
Lighting and visibility04
Do not apply "Rain X" type water-repellent 
products.
►  Unclip the worn wiper blade closest to you and 
remove it.
►  Install the new wiper blade and clip it to the 
arm.
►  Repeat the procedure for the other wiper 
blade.
►  Starting with the wiper blade closest to you, 
once again hold each arm by the rigid section, 
then guide it carefully onto the windscreen.
Removing/refitting at the rear
►  Hold the arm by the rigid section and raise it 
as far as possible.
►  Clean the rear screen using screenwash fluid.
►  Unclip the worn wiper blade and remove it.
►  Install the new wiper blade and clip it to the 
arm.
►  Once again hold the arm by the rigid section, 
then guide it carefully onto the rear screen.
Automatic windscreen 
wipers
In AUTO mode, the windscreen wipers operate 
automatically, without any action on the part of 
the driver. If rain is detected, the wiping adapts to 
the intensity of the rainfall automatically.
Detection of rainfall is by means of a rain/
sunshine sensor at the top centre of the 
windscreen, behind the rear view mirror.
Do not cover the rain/sunshine sensor.
When using an automatic car wash, 
switch off the automatic wipers and the 
ignition.
In winter, wait until the windscreen is 
completely clear of ice before activating the 
automatic wipers.
Switching on 
 
►  Give a short downwards push to the control 
stalk.
A wiping cycle confirms that the instruction has 
been accepted.
This indicator lamp comes on in the 
instrument panel, accompanied by a 
message.
Switching off
►  Give the control stalk another brief push 
downwards or place the control stalk in another 
position (Int, 1 or 2).
This indicator lamp goes off in the 
instrument panel, accompanied by a 
message.
If the ignition has been off for more than 
one minute, the automatic wipers must be 
reactivated by pushing the control stalk 
downwards.
Malfunction
If a fault occurs with the automatic wipers, the 
wipers operate in intermittent mode.
Have them checked by a dealer or a qualified 
workshop.  
Page 74 of 244

72Safety05
Passengers must not place their feet on the 
dashboard.
Do not smoke as deployment of the airbags 
can cause burns or the risk of injury from a 
cigarette or pipe.
Never remove or pierce the steering wheel or 
hit it violently.
Do not fix or attach anything to the steering 
wheel or dashboard, as this could cause 
injuries when the airbags are deployed.
Lateral airbags
Use only approved covers on the seats, 
compatible with the deployment of the lateral 
airbags. For information on the range of seat 
covers suitable for your vehicle, contact a 
dealer.
Do not fix or attach anything to the seat 
backrests (clothing, etc.), as this could cause 
injuries to the chest or arm when the lateral 
airbag is deployed.
Do not sit with the upper part of the body any 
nearer to the door than necessary.
At the rear, any objects placed on the outer 
seats or the folded backrest of the 1/3 bench 
seat could become projectiles when the lateral 
airbags are deployed.
The vehicle's front door panels include side 
impact sensors.
A damaged door or any unauthorised or 
incorrectly executed work (modification or 
repair) on the front doors or their interior trim 
could compromise the operation of these 
sensors - risk of malfunction of the lateral 
airbags!
Such work must only be done by a dealer or a 
qualified workshop.
Curtain airbags
Do not fix or attach anything to the roof, 
as this could cause head injuries when the 
curtain airbag is deployed.
Do not remove the grab handles installed on 
the roof, as they play a part in securing the 
curtain airbags.
Child seats
The legislation on carrying children is 
specific to each country. Refer to the 
legislation in force in your country.
For maximum safety, please observe the following 
recommendations:
–
 
In ac
 cordance with European regulations, all 
children under the age of 12 or less than one and 
a half metres tall must travel in approved child 
seats suited to their weight, on seats fitted with a 
seat belt or ISOFIX mountings.
–
 
Statistically
 , the safest seats in your vehicle for 
carrying children are the rear seats.
–
 
A child w
 eighing less than 9 kg must travel in 
the "rearward facing" position both in the front 
and in the rear.
It is recommended that children travel on 
the rear seats of the vehicle:
–
 
"rearward facing" up to the age of 3,
–
 
"forward facing" over the age of 3.
Make sure that the seat belt is correctly 
positioned and tightened.
For child seats with a support leg, ensure that 
the support leg is in firm and steady contact 
with the floor.
An incorrectly installed child seat 
compromises the child's safety in the 
event of an accident.
Ensure that there is no seat belt or seat belt 
buckle under the child seat, as this could 
destabilise it.
Remember to fasten the seat belts or the 
harness of child seats, keeping the slack 
relative to the child's body to a minimum, even 
for short journeys.
When installing a child seat using the seat 
belt, ensure that the seat belt is tightened 
correctly on the child seat and that it secures 
the child seat firmly on the seat of the vehicle. 
If the passenger seat is adjustable, move it 
forwards if necessary.
Remove the head restraint before installing a 
child seat with a backrest on a passenger seat.
Ensure that the head restraint is stored or 
attached securely to prevent it from being 
thrown around the vehicle in the event of sharp