filter DAEWOO NUBIRA 2004 Service Workshop Manual

SECTION : 7B
MANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION
AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
CAUTION : Disconnect the negative battery cable before removing or installing any electrical unit or when a tool
or equipment could easily come in contact with exposed electrical terminals. Disconnecting this cable will help
prevent personal injury and damage to the vehicle. The ignition must also be in LOCK unless otherwise noted.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS7B–2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Specifications 7B–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fastener Tightening Specifications 7B–2. . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIAL TOOLS7B–3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Tools Table 7B–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCHEMATIC AND ROUTING DIAGRAMS7B–6 . . . . .
A/C System – Typical 7B–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manual Control A/C Diagram 7B–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIAGNOSIS7B–8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS 7B–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Testing the Refrigerant System 7B–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insufficient Cooling ”Quick Check” Procedure 7B–8. .
A/C Performance Test 7B–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure–Temperature Relationship of
R–134A 7B–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leak Testing Refrigerant System 7B–11. . . . . . . . . . . .
V5 SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONING DIAGNOSIS 7B–12
Insufficient Cooling Diagnosis 7B–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SYMPTOM DIAGNOSIS 7B–16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Test Chart (R–134A System) 7B–16. . . . . .
Low and High Side Pressure Relationship
Chart 7B–18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR7B–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ON–VEHICLE SERVICE 7B–19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL A/C SYSTEM SERVICE
PROCEDURES 7B–19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O–Ring Replacement 7B–19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Handling Refrigerant 7B–19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Handling of Refrigerant Lines and Fittings 7B–19. . . .
Maintaining Chemical Stability in the Refrigeration
System 7B–20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discharging, Adding Oil, Evacuating, and Charging
Procedures for A/C System 7B–20. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SERVICEABLE COMPONENTS 7B–23. . . . . . . . . . . . . Components Used In Non–A/C Systems 7B–23. . . . .
A/C Pressure Transducer 7B–24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A/C Compressor Relay 7B–24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air Filter 7B–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A/C Expansion Valve 7B–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A/C High–Pressure Pipe Line 7B–26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evaporator Core 7B–29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A/C Suction Hose Assembly 7B–30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A/C Discharge Hose Compressor to
Condenser 7B–31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Receiver–Dryer 7B–32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compressor 7B–33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Condenser 7B–35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNIT REPAIR 7B–37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPONENT LOCATOR 7B–37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V5 Compressor 7B–37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V5 AIR CONDITIONING COMPRESSOR
OVERHAUL 7B–38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clutch Plate and Hub Assembly 7B–38. . . . . . . . . . . .
Clutch Rotor and Bearing 7B–40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clutch Coil 7B–42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shaft Seal Replacement 7B–44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control Valve Assembly 7B–46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rear Head, Gasket, Valve Plate, Reed Plate,
and O–ring 7B–47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cylinder to Front Head O–ring 7B–48. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leak Testing (External) 7B–50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM
OPERATION7B–51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL INFORMATION 7B–51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The V5 A/C System 7B–51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Components – Functional 7B–51. . . . . . . . . .
System Components – Control 7B–52. . . . . . . . . . . . .
V5 Compressor – General Description 7B–52. . . . . . .
V5 Compressor – Description of Operation 7B–52. . .

7B – 20IMANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
S Dip new O–rings in clean polyalkaline glycol refrig-
erant oil before installation.
MAINTAINING CHEMICAL STABILITY
IN THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The efficient operation and the life of the air conditioning
(A/C) system is dependent upon the chemical stability of
the refrigeration system. When foreign materials, such as
dirt, air, or moisture, contaminate the refrigeration system,
they will change the stability of the refrigerant and the poly-
alkaline glycol (PAG) compressor oil. They will also affect
the pressure–temperature relationship, reduce efficient
operation, and can possibly cause interior corrosion and
abnormal wear of moving parts.
Observe the following practices to ensure chemical stabil-
ity in the system:
S Wipe away dirt or oil at and near any connection
before opening that connection. This will reduce the
chance of dirt entering the system.
S Cap, plug, or tape both sides of a connection as
soon as possible after opening the connection. This
will prevent the entry of dirt, foreign material, and
moisture.
S Keep all tools clean and dry, including the manifold
gauge set and all replacement parts.
S Use a clean and dry transfer device and container
to add polyalkaline glycol refrigerant oil. This will
ensure that the oil remains as moisture–free as
possible. Refer to ”Discharging, Adding Oil, Eva-
cuating, and Charging Procedures for A/C System”
in this section.
S Have everything you need ready to allow you to
perform all operations quickly when opening an A/C
system. Do not leave the A/C system open any lon-
ger than necessary.
S Evacuate and recharge any A/C system that has
been opened. Refer to ”Discharging, Adding Oil,
Evacuating, and Charging Procedures for A/C Sys-
tem” in this section for the instructions to perform
this procedure properly.
All service parts are dehydrated and sealed before ship-
ping. They should remain sealed until just before making
connections. All the parts should be at room temperature
before uncapping. This prevents condensation of mois-
ture from the air from entering the system. Reseal all parts
as soon as possible.
DISCHARGING, ADDING OIL,
EVACUATING, AND CHARGING
PROCEDURES FOR A/C SYSTEM
CAUTION : Use only refillable refrigerant tanks that
are authorized for the charging station being used.
The use of other tanks may cause personal injury or
void the warranty. Refer to the manufacturer’s in-
structions for the charging station.CAUTION : To avoid personal injury, always wear
goggles and gloves when performing work that in-
volves opening the refrigeration system.
A charging station discharges, evacuates, and recharges
an air–conditioning (A/C) system with one hookup. Filter-
ing the refrigerant during the recovery cycle together with
filtering during the evacuation cycle ensures a supply of
clean, dry refrigerant for A/C system charging.
S Never use the R–134a charging station on a sys-
tem charged with R–12. The refrigerants and the
oils from each system are not compatible with
those from the other system and must never be
mixed, even in the smallest amount. Mixing refriger-
ant residue will damage the equipment.
S Never use adapters which convert from one size
fitting to another. Such use allows contamination,
which may cause system failure.
Charging Station Setup and Maintenance
There are many charging stations available. All perform
the various tasks required to discharge the system and re-
cover refrigerant, evacuate the system, add a measured
amount of oil, and recharge an A/C system with a mea-
sured amount of refrigerant. Refer to the manufacturer’s
instructions for all initial setup procedures and all mainte-
nance procedures.
Control Panel Functions
A charging station will have controls and indicators to allow
the operator to control and monitor the operation in prog-
ress. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for details.
These can be expected to include the following:
1. Main Power Switch
S Supplies electrical power to the control panel.
2. Display
S Shows the time programmed for vacuum.
S Shows the weight of the refrigerant programmed
for recharging.
S Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for de-
tailed programming information.
3. Low–Side Manifold Gauge
S Shows the system’s low–side pressure.
4. High–Side Manifold Gauge
S Shows the system’s high–side pressure.
5. Controls Panel
S Controls the various operating functions.
6. Low–Side Valve
S Connects the low side of the A/C system to the
unit.
7. Moisture Indicator
S Shows whether the refrigerant is wet or dry.
8. High–Side Valve
S Connects the high side of the A/C system to the
unit.

MANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 7B – 25
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
AIR FILTER
(Left–Hand Drive Shown, Right–Hand Drive
Similar)
Removal Procedure
1. Remove the glove box. Refer to Section 9E, Instru-
mentation/Driver Information.
2. Remove the screws and the air filter.
3. Remove the air filter.
Installation Procedure
1. Install the air filter.
2. Install the air filter cover and the screws.
3. Install the glove box. Refer to Section 9E, Instru-
mentation/Driver Information.
A/C EXPANSION VALVE
(Left–Hand Drive Shown, Right–Hand Drive
Similar)
Removal Procedure
1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Recover the refrigerant. Refer to ”Discharging, Add-
ing Oil, Evacuating, and Charging Procedures for
A/C System” in this section.
3. Remove the suction hose/liquid pipe block retaining
nuts at the fire wall.
4. Remove the expansion valve connector block re-
taining stud bolts.
5. Remove the expansion valve.
6. Discard the O–rings.

MANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 7B – 27
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
7. Remove the air cleaner housing bolts and the air
filter housing assembly.
8. Disconnect the electrical connector at the pressure
transducer.
9. Remove the liquid pipe block–to–expansion valve
retaining nut at the fire wall.
10. Remove the handlamp housing at the left–hand
side. Refer to Section 9B, Lighting Systems.
11. Remove the liquid pipe block–to–receiver dryer re-
taining nut.
12. Remove the bolts which secure the support clamps
that hold the liquid pipe to the vehicle.
13. Remove the liquid pipe from the vehicle.
14. Cap the opening at the receiver–dryer to prevent
contamination.
Installation Procedure
1. Position the liquid pipe into the vehicle.
2. Install the liquid pipe support clamp bolts.
Tighten
Tighten the liquid pipe support clamp bolts to 4 NSm
(35 lb–in).

7B – 28IMANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
3. Install a new O–ring on the pipe at the receiver dry-
er.
4. Install the liquid pipe block–to–receiver–dryer re-
taining nut.
Tighten
Tighten the liquid pipe block–to–receiver–dryer re-
taining nut to 14 NSm (10 lb–ft).
5. Install the handlamp housing at the right–hand side.
Refer to Section 9B, Lighting Systems.
6. Install the liquid evaporator pipe block retaining nut
to the fire wall.
Tighten
Tighten the liquid pipe block–to–expansion valve re-
taining nut to 14 NSm (10 lb–ft).
7. Connect the electrical connector at the pressure
transducer.
8. Install the air cleaner housing bolts and the air filter
housing assembly.
9. Position the refrigerant discharge hose into the ve-
hicle.
10. Install the nut at the condenser connecting block.
Tighten
Tighten the refrigerant discharge hose block–to–con-
denser retaining nut to 16 NSm (12 lb–ft).
11. Install the handlamp housing at the left–hand side.
Refer to Section 9B, Lighting Systems.
12. Install the nut at the discharge hose block con-
nected to compressor.
Tighten
Tighten the refrigerant discharge hose block–to–
compressor retaining nut to 33 NSm (24 lb–ft).
13. Connect the negative battery cable.
14. Evacuate and recharge the A/C system. Refer to
”Discharging, Adding Oil, Evacuating, and Charging
Procedures for A/C System” in this section.

7B – 30IMANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
3. Install the screws that connect the heater core
housing and the evaporator housing.
Tighten
Tighten the screws to 1.2 NSm (11 lb–in).
4. Connect the wiring harness and electrical connec-
tors to the heater/air distributor case assembly.
5. Install the heater/air distributor case assembly. Re-
fer to Section 7A, Heating and Ventilation System.
6. Evacuate and recharge the A/C system. Refer to
”Discharging, Adding Oil, Evacuating, and Charging
Procedures for A/C System” in this section.
7. Connect the negative battery cable.
A/C SUCTION HOSE ASSEMBLY
Removal Procedure
1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Discharge and recover the refrigerant. Refer to
”Discharging, Adding Oil, Evacuating, and Charging
Procedures for A/C System” in this section.
3. Remove the air cleaner housing bolts and the air
filter housing aseembly.
4. Disconnect the elsctrical connector at the pressure
transducer.
5. Remove the suction hose block retaining nut at the
fire wall.
6. Cap the openings to the expansion valve to prevent
contamination.
7. Remove the suction hose support clamp bolts.
8. Remove the retaining nut from the hose connecting
block and disconnect the air conditioning hose as-
sembly connector block from the compressor.
9. Remove the A/C suction hose assembly.
10. Cap the openings to the compressor to prevent
contamination.

MANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 7B – 31
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
Installation Procedure
1. Position the A/C suction hose into the vehicle.
2. Insert the suction hose block–to–compressor to the
compressor.
Tighten
Tighten the retaining nut at the suction hose block to
33 NSm (24 lb–ft).
3. Install the suction hose support clamp–to–longitudi-
nal member.
Tighten
Tighten the suction hose support clamp–to–longitudi-
nal member bolt to 8 NSm (71 lb–in).
4. Install the suction hose support clamp–to–engine
bracket.
Tighten
(1.4 DOHC, 1.6DOHC only)
Tighten the suction hose support clamp–to–engine
bracket bolt to 4 NSm (35 lb–in).
Tighten
(1.8 DOHC, 2.0 DOHC only)
Tighten the suction hose support clamp–to–engine
bracket bolt to 14 NSm (10 lb–ft).
5. Install the suction hose block–to–expansion valve
retaining nut at the fire wall.
Tighten
Tighten the suction hose block–to–expansion valve
retaining nut to 14 NSm (10 lb–ft).
6. Connect the electrical connector at the pressure
transducer.
7. Install the air cleaner housing bolts and the air filter
housing assembly.
8. Connect the negative battery cable.
9. Evacuate and recharge the A/C system. Refer to
”Discharging, Adding Oil, Evacuating, and Charging
Procedures for A/C System” in this section.

7B – 52IMANUAL CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
SYSTEM COMPONENTS–CONTROL
Controller
The operation of the A/C system is controlled by the
switches and the lever on the control head. The compres-
sor clutch and the blower are connected electrically to the
control head by a wiring harness. The blower circuit is
open in the OFF mode. Airflow is provided by the four
blower speeds available in the remaining modes. Cooled
and dehumidified air is available in the MAX, NORMAL,
BI–LEVEL, and DEFROST modes.
The temperature is controlled by the position of the tem-
perature knob on the control head. A cable connects this
knob to the temperature door, which controls the airflow
through the heater core. As the temperature knob is
moved through its range of travel, a sliding clip on the
cable at the temperature valve connection should assume
a position ensuring that the temperature door will seat in
both extreme positions. The temperature door position is
independent of the mode control switch. The temperature
door on some models is controlled electrically, eliminating
the need for the temperature cable.
The electric engine cooling fan on some vehicles is not
part of the A/C control system; however, the fan is opera-
tional any time the A/C control is in the MAX, NORMAL,
or BI–LEVEL modes. Some models provide for engine
cooling fan operation when the controller is in the DE-
FROST mode. This added feature is part of the A/C con-
troller function and is aimed at preventing excessive com-
pressor head temperatures. It also allows the A/C system
to function more efficiently. On some models, the engine
cooling fan will be turned off during road speed conditions
above 56 km/h (35 mph), when the airflow though the con-
denser coil is adequate for efficient cooling. The operation
of the cooling fan is controlled by the powertrain control
module (PCM), or the engine control module (ECM),
through the cooling fan relay.
Pressure Transducer
The pressure transducer incorporates the functions of the
high–pressure and the low–pressure cutout switches
along with the fan cycling switch. The pressure transducer
is located in the high–side liquid refrigerant line near the
right front strut tower and the air filter assembly.
Wide–Open Throttle (WOT) Compressor
Cutoff
During full throttle acceleration on vehicles equipped with
multi–port injection (MPI), the throttle position sensor
(TPS) sends a signal to the PCM or the ECM, which then
controls the compressor clutch.
A/C Time Delay Relay
This relay on some vehicles controls the current to the en-
tire A/C system and provides a short delay of A/C opera-
tion upon start–up.
V5 COMPRESSOR–GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
Different vehicles with V5 compressors may exhibit differ-
ences in mounting and installation, but overhaul proce-
dures are similar.
Before removing the compressor or performing on–ve-
hicle repairs, clean the compressor connections and the
outside of the compressor.
Important : After removing a compressor from the vehicle
for servicing, drain the oil by removing the oil drain plug.
Also drain the oil from the suction and the discharge ports
to insure complete draining. Measure the amount of oil
drained, and record that amount. Discard the used oil and
add the same amount of new polyalkaline glycol (PAG) re-
frigerant oil to the compressor.
The compressor has been removed from the vehicle un-
less otherwise indicated.
Clean tools and a clean work area are important for proper
servicing. Keep dirt and foreign material from getting on or
into the compressor parts. Parts that are to be reassem-
bled should be cleaned with trichloroethane, naphtha,
stoddard solvent, kerosene, or equivalent solvents. Dry
the cleaned parts with clean dry air. Use only lint–free
cloths to wipe the parts.
V5 COMPRESSOR–DESCRIPTION OF
OPERATION
The V5 is a variable displacement compressor that can
match the automotive air conditioning (A/C) demand un-
der all conditions without cycling. The basic compressor
mechanism is a variable angle wobble–plate with five ax-
ially oriented cylinders. The center of control of the com-
pressor displacement is a bellows–actuated control valve
located in the rear head of the compressor. The control
valve senses compressor suction pressure.
The wobble–plate angle and the compressor displace-
ment are controlled by the crankcase suction pressure dif-
ferential. When the A/C capacity demand is high, the suc-
tion pressure will be above the control point. The valve will
maintain a bleed from crankcase to suction. With no
crankcase suction pressure differential, the compressor
will have maximum displacement.
When the A/C capacity demand is lower and the suction
pressure reaches the control point, the valve will bleed dis-
charge gas into the crankcase and close off a passage
from the crankcase to the suction plenum. The angle of the
wobble–plate is controlled by a force balance on the five
pistons. A slight elevation of the crankcase suction pres-
sure differential creates total force on the pistons resulting
in a movement about the wobbleplate pivot pin that re-
duces the plate angle.
The compressor has a unique lubrication system. The
crankcase suction bleed is routed through the rotating
wobble–plate for lubrication of the wobble–plate bearing.
The rotation acts as an oil separator which removes some

IAUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 7D – 33
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
SERVICEABLE COMPONENTS
COMMON HVAC COMPONENTS
Those components used in non–automatic systems are
covered in other sections of this manual.
Refer to Section 7A, Heating and Ventilation System for
the following procedures:
S Blower Motor.
S Heater Hoses.
S Blower Resistor.
S High–Blower Relay.
S Heater/Air Distributor Case Assembly (A/C Mod-
ule).
S Heater Core.
Refer to Section 7B, Manual Control Heating, Ventilation,
and Air Conditioning System, for the following proce-
dures:
S A/C Pressure Transducer.
S A/C Compressor Relay.
S Air Filter.
S A/C Expansion Valve.
S A/C High–Pressure Pipe Line.
S Evaporator Core.
S A/C Suction Hose Assembly.
S A/C Discharge Hose–Compressor to Condenser.
S Compressor.
S Condenser.
S Receiver–Dryer.
AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE
CONTROL ASSEMBLY
Removal Procedure
1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Remove the center molding assembly. Refer to
Section 9E, Instrumentation/Driver Information.
3. Pull out the unit to gain access to the rear.
4. Disconnect the electrical connectors.
5. Remove the center molding assembly from the in-
strument panel.

1–2 GENERAL INFORMATIONNUBIRA/LACETTI
1. GENERAL INSTRUCTION
This publication is designed to help you the body repair
technician with your specialized work. Vehicle bodywork
has changed a great deal over the years. As vehicles
have developed technically, vehicle bodywork has also
had to meet new requirements with design, changes to
reconcile apparently conflicting demands to name just a
few examples:
S strength and safety ; low weight
S spaciousness ; good aerodynamices
S high quality ; low price
.
The durability and ease of repair of the bodywork also
plays an important part.
.
Nowadays, the use of highly automated production
equipment makes it possible to maintain the tightest
tolerances and thus ensure a high level of quality.
.
When bodywork is damaged, the customer rightly ex-
pects it to be expertly repaired to the same quality stan-
dards.
.
At the same time, for his safety, the customer expects
you to have comprehensive knowledge of materials,
measuring and straightening methods, possible distor-
tion, optimum corrosion prevention and much more be-
sides.
.
This publication is designed to help you update your
knowledge and give you an idea of what you require to
rectify moderate or severe accident damage, for your
own safety and for the satisfaction of your customers.
2. IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTICE
2–1. BEFORE BEGINNING WORK
S Disconnect the battery to reduce the possibility of fire
caused by electrical shorts.
S Check for fuel leaks and repair as necessary.
S Remove the fuel tank and/or fuel lines if welding equip-
ment is to be used near the fuel system.
S Before welding, sanding or cutting, protect carpets and
seats with fire–proof covers.
S Follow standard safety practices when using toxic or
flammable liquids.
S Use standard safety equipment when spraying paint,
welding, cutting, sanding or grinding. Standard safety
equipment includes.
S Respirator and filter masks: Designed to filter out toxic
fumes, mist, dust or other airborn particles. Use a respi-
rator or filter mask designed to protect you from the haz-
ards of the particular job; some respirators, for example,
are designed to filter out only dust and airborn particles,
not toxic fumes.
S Safety goggles or glasses: Designed to protect your
eyes from projectiles, dust particles or splashing liquid.
S Gloves: Rubber gloves protect against corrosive chemi-
cals. Welding gloves protect against burns and abra-
sions caused by welding, sanding or grinding.
S Safety shoes: Non–slip soles protect against slipping.
Metal toe inserts protect against falling objects.
S Ear plugs: Protect eardrums from harmful noise levels.
.
2–2. DURING WORK
S Do not smoke while working near the fuel system.
S Deposit gas or solvent–soaked shop towels in an ap-
proved container.
S Brake lining contains asbestos, which can cause cancer.
Do not use an air hose to blow off brake assemblies: use
only an approved vacuum cleaner, and wear an ap-
proved filter mask or respirator.
S Always attach a safety cable when using a hydraulic ram
or a frame straightening table: do not stand in direct line
with the chains used on such equipment.