dimensions DODGE TRUCK 1993 Service Repair Manual

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

DESIGNATIONS,
LABELS/PLATES/DECALS,
CODES
AND DIMENSIONS/WEIGHTS .
CONTENTS

page
MEASUREMENT
AND TORQUE
... 1 SPECIFICATIONS
page

. 11

DESIGNATIONS, LABELS/PLATES/DECALS, CODES
AND
DIMENSIONS/WEIGHTS
INDEX

page

Engine
and
Transmission/Transfer
Case
Identification
2

Engine/Transmission/GVWR
4

Equipment
Identification
Plate
3
International
Vehicle Control
and
Display
Symbols
10

Major Component
Identification 3
VEHICLE DESIGNATIONS The Vehicle Code chart lists description and code
for Ram Truck and Sport Utility vehicles. The codes are used to identify vehicle types in charts, captions
and in service procedures. The vehicle codes are
dif­

ferent than the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) or the wheelbase/model code.
VEHICLE SAFETY CERTIFICATION
LABEL
A certification label is attached to the left side
B-pillar. The label certifies that the vehicle conforms
to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS).
The label also lists the: • Month and year of vehicle manufacture
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). The gross
front and rear axle weight ratings (GAWR's) are
based on a minimum rim size and maximum cold tire inflation pressure Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
Type of vehicle
Type of rear wheels (single or dual) Bar code
Month, Day and Hour (MDH) of final assembly
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) PLATE The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) plate is
attached to the top left side of the instrument panel.
The VIN contains 17 characters that provide data
concerning the vehicle. Refer to the decoding chart to
determine the identification of a vehicle.
page

Trailer
Towing Specifications
4

Vehicle Code Plate
2

Vehicle Designations
1

Vehicle Dimension
4

Vehicle
Identification
Number (VIN) Plate
1

Vehicle Safety
Certification
Label
............. 1

Vehicle Weights
4
VEHICLE CODE
DESIGNATIONS
VEHICLE CODE
= AD
(DODGE
RAM

PICKUP
&
CHASSIS
CAB)

VEHICLE
FAMILY LINE DESCRIPTION
AD1
D150

AD2
D250

AD3
D350
PICKUP

4x2

AD5
W150
AD6
W250

AD7
W350
PICKUP

4x4

AD2
D250
AD3
D350
CHASSIS
CAB

4x2

AD6
W250
AD7
W350
CHASSIS
CAB

4x4

AD4
AD100

AD4
AD150
SPORT
UTILITY
4x2

AD8
AD100

AD8 AD
150
SPORT
UTILITY
4x4
J90IN-32

4 INTRODUCTION
• VEHICLE DIMENSIONS

VEHICLE

FAMILY
WHEELBASE

AVAILABLE
CAB
TO

AXLE BODY

TYPE
SfANDAID
SODIES
AVAILABLE
VEHICLE
FAMILY
WHEELBASE

AVAILABLE
CAB
TO

AXLE BODY

TYPE
NOMINAL

LENGTH
(LOAD
SPACE
D

MENSIONS
(2)

VEHICLE
FAMILY
WHEELBASE

AVAILABLE
CAB
TO

AXLE BODY

TYPE
NOMINAL

LENGTH LENGTH MAX.

WIDTH
HEIGHT
VOLUME
AD-1
AD-5
2921
mm

(115
in) —

Sweptline

1981
mm

(6.5
ft)
1981
mm

(78
in)
1778 mm
(70
in)
485 mm
19.1
in) 1.71 m3

(60.35
ft3)

AD-1
AD-2

AD-3
AD-5

AD-6
AD-7
3327
mm
(131
in) —

Sweptline

2438 mm
(8
ft)
2489 mm
(98
in)
1778 mm
(70
in)
485 mm
(19.1
in)
2.15
m3

(75.8
ft3)

AD-2
AD-3
AD-7
3327
mm
(131
in)
1422 mm
(56
in)
Chassis

Cab
2438 mm
(8
ft)
—
— — —

AD-3
AD-7
3249 mm
(135
in)
1524 mm
(60
in)
Chassis

Cab
2896 mm

(9.5
ft) —
— — —

AD-3
4039 mm
(159
in)
2134 mm
(84
in)
Chassis

Cab
3810 mm

(12.5
ft)
—
— —

AD-4
2692
mm
(106
in)
Sport

Utility

4x2
—

1778 mm 1588 mm
(62.5
in)
1062 mm
(41.8
in)
2.99
m3

(105.8
ft3)

AD-8
2692
mm
(106
in)
Sport

Utility

4x4
—

1778 mm 1588 mm
(62.5
in)
1062 mm
(41.8
in)
2.99
m3

(105.8
ft3)

AD-1
3378 mm
(133
in) —

Sweptline

1981
mm

(6.5
ft)
1984 mm
(78.1
in)
1778 mm
(70
in)
485 mm
(19.1
in) 1.71 m3

(60.4
ft3)

AD-1
AD-2

AD-5
AD-6
3785 mm
(149
in) —

Sweptline

Club
Cab 2438 mm
(8
ft)
2489 mm
(98
in)
1778 mm
(70
in)
485 mm
(19.1
in)
2.15
M3

(75.8
ft3)

®
Driver seat
to
tailgate.
(2)
Based
on
S.A.E.
procedure
Jl
100. J901N-34
VEHICLE
WEIGHTS

The Vehicle Weights chart provides:
• The Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR),
• The payload
• The curb weight
for
each vehicle type/wheelbase

TRAILER
TOWING
SPECIFICATIONS
The Trailer Towing Specifications chart provides:
• The maximum trailer tongue weight
• The maximum trailer weight
• The maximum combined weight of the trailer/load/
towing vehicle with
a
specific engine/transmission/ axle combination.

VEHICLE
DIMENSION

The Vehicle Dimension chart provides
the
dimen­
sions
for
each type
of
Ram Truck, Ram Chassis Cab
and Ramcharger vehicle.

ENGINE/TRANSMISSION/GVWR
The Engine/Transmission/GVWR chart provides
the maximum load data
for
each vehicle combina­ tion.

•
5.9L (DIESEL) ENGINE
9 - 131

1st REFACE
0.15 mm

(0.0058
inch)

2nd REFACE
0.35 mm
(0.0138

inch)

®
Total
0.50
mm
(0.0197

inch)

®
Standard
323.00
mm ±0.10 mn i

(12.7165
inch
±0.0039
inch)

1st
RE
FACE
322.85 mm ±0.10 mm

(12.7106
inch
±0.0039
inch)
2nd
REFACE
322.50
mm ±0.10 mn i

(12.6968
inch
±0.0039
inch)
J9109-118
Fig.
7 Refacing
Dimensions
of the Cylinder
Block

1st REFACE
X

2nd REFACE
XX
J9109-116

Fig.
8
Stamp
Block
after
Reface
be stamped beside the first when the block is refaced
to 0.50 mm (0.0197 inch) - (Fig. 8). (3) Consult the parts catalog for the proper head
gaskets which must be used with refaced blocks to
ensure proper piston-to-valve clearance (Fig. 9).
CYLINDER BORE REPAIR Cylinder bore(s) can be repaired by one of two
methods:

•
Method
1:—Over
boring and using oversize pistons and rings.
GASKET
FOR

0.15 mm

(0.0058
inch)
REFACE
GASKET FOR
0.50
mm

(0.0197
inch)
REFACE
Fig.
9 Proper Head
Gasket
•
Method 2:—Boring and installing a repair sleeve
to leturn the bore to standard dimensions.

METHOD 1-0WERS1ZE
BORE
Oversize pistons and rings are available in two
sizes - 0.50 mm (0.0197 inch) and 1.00 mm (0.0393

inch).

Any combination of standard, 0.50 mm (0.0197
inch) or 1.00 mm (0.0393 inch) overbore may be used
in the same engine.
If more than 1.00 mm (0.0393 inch) overbore is
needed, a repair sleeve can be installed (refer to
Method 2—Repair Sleeve).
Cylinder block bores may be bored twice before use
of a repair sleeve is required (Fig. 10). The first bore
is 0.50 mm (0.0197 inch) oversize. The second bore is 1.00 mm (0.0393 inch) oversize.
After boring to size, use a honing stone to chamfer
the edge of the bore (Fig. 10). A correctly honed surface will have a Crosshatch
appearance with the lines at 15° to 25° angles with
the top of the cylinder block (Fig. 11). For the rough
hone, use 80 grit honing stones. To finish hone, use 280 grit honing stones. A maximum of 1.2 micrometer (48 microinch) sur­
face finish must be obtained. After finish honing is complete, immediately clean
the cylinder bores with a strong solution of laundry detergent and hot water. After rinsing, blow the block dry. Check the bore cleanliness by wiping with a white,
lint-free, lightly-oiled cloth. There should be no grit
residue present. If the block is not to be used right away, coat it
with a rust-preventing compound.

METHOD 2—REPAIR
SLEEWE
If more than a 1.00 mm (0.03937 inch) diameter
oversize bore is required, the block must be bored and a repair sleeve installed.

9
- 132 5.9L
(DIESEL) ENGINE
BORING
AND

HONING
DIAMETERS
BORING DIAMETER DIMENSION 1st REBORE
-
102.469
mm

(4.0342
inch)
2nd
REBORE
-
102.969
mm
(4.0539
inch)

HONING
DIAMETER DIMENSIONS
STANDARD
102.020
±0.020
mm
(4.0165
±
0.0008
inch)

1st REBORE
102.520
±
0.020
mm
(4.0362
±
0.0008
inch)
2nd
REBORE
103.020
±0.020
mm
(4.0559
±
0.0008
inch)

CHAMFER DIMENSIONS

Approx.
1.25 mm
(0.049
inch)
by
15°

J9109-119

Fig.
10 Cylinder
Bore
Dimensions
TOP
OF
BLOCK
Fig.
11
Crosshatch
Pattern
of Repaired
Sleeve(s)
Bore the block cylinder bore to 104.500-104.515
mm (4.1142-4.1148 inch) - (Fig. 12).
Repair sleeves can be replaced by using a boring
bar to bore out the old sleeve. DO NOT cut the cyl­
inder bore beyond the oversize limit.
BORE DIAMETER
BLOCK REBORE
FOR
REPAIR SLEEVE BORE
DIA. -
104.500
+0.015
mm

(4.1142
+0.0006
inch)

STEP
DIM. - 6.35 mm (0.25 inch)

J9109-120

Fig.
12
Block
Bore
for Repair
Sleeve
Dimensions

After machining the block for the new repair
sleeve, thoroughly clean the bore of all metal chips,
debris and oil residue before installing the sleeve.
Cool the repair sleeve(s) to a temperature of -12°C
(10°F) or below for a minimum of one hour. Be ready
to install the sleeve immediately after removing it
from the freezer.
Apply a coat of Loctite 620, or equivalent to the
bore that is to be sleeved. Wear protective gloves to push the cold sleeve into
the bore as far as possible.
Using a sleeve driver, drive the sleeve downward
until it contacts the step at the bottom of the bore (Fig. 13).
J9109-121

Fig.
13
Sleeve
Installation

•

5
9L
(DIESEL) ENGINE
9 - 133
A sleeve driver can be constructed as follows (Fig. 14).

DRIVE
-
ALUMINUM
HANDLE
-
STEEL A
= 127 mm (5 inch)

B
= 38 mm (1.5 inch)

C
= 6.35 mm (0.25 inch)

D
= 25.4 mm (1 inch)

E
= 101 mm
(3.976
inch)

F
=
107.343
mm
(4.226
inch)

J9109-122

Fig.
14
Sleeve
Driver Construction
Set up a boring bar and machine the sleeve to
101.956 mm (4.014 inch) - (Fig. 15). After removing the boring bar, use a honing stone to
chamfer the corner of the repair sleeve(s) - (Fig. 15).
SLEEVE DIAMETER
-
101.956
mm

(4.014
inch)

SLEEVE PROTRUSION MIN.
-
FLUSH
WITH
BLOCK MAX.
-
0.050
mm
(0.0019
inch)

SLEEVE CHAMFER APPROX.
1.25 mm
(0,049
inch)
BY
15° •
J9109-123

Fig.
15
Sleeve
Machining
Dimensions

A correctly honed surface will have a Crosshatch
appearance with the lines at 15° to 25° angles with
the top of the cylinder block. For the rough hone, use 80 grit honing stones. To finish hone, use 280 grit
honing stones. Finished bore inside dimension is 102.020 ±0.020
mm (4.0165 ±0.0008 inch). A maximum of 1.2 micrometer (48 microinch) sur­
face finish must be obtained.
After finish honing is complete, immediately clean
the cylinder bores with a strong solution of laundry detergent and hot water.
After rinsing, blow the block dry with compressed
air.
Wipe the bore with a white, lint-free, lightly oiled
cloth. Make sure there is no grit residue present. Apply a rust-preventing compound if the block will
not be used immediately.
A standard diameter piston and a piston ring set
must be used with a sleeved cylinder bore.
CAM
BORE REPAIR
The front cam bushing bore can be bored to 57.740
Mm ±0.018 mm (2.273 inch ±0.0007 inch) oversize.
DO NOT bore the intermediate or rear cam bore to
the front cam bore oversize dimensions. Intermediate and rear cam bores may be bored to 57.240 mm ±0.018 mm (2.253 inch ±0.0007 inch) oversize.
A surface finish of 2.3 micrometers (92 microinch)
must be maintained. Not more than 20% of an area
of any one bore may be 3.2 micrometers (126 micro-

inch).

Camshaft bores can be repaired individually. It is
not necessary to repair undamaged cam bores in or­
der to repair individually damaged cam bores. The standard front bushing cannot be used to repair in­
termediate or rear bores.
Install all cam bushings flush or below the front
cam bore surface. The oil hole must align to allow a 3.2 mm (0.125 inch) rod to pass through freely (Fig.
16). Fig.
16 Oil Hole
Alignment

CUP PLUG-REPLACEMENT
(1) Remove the cup plugs from the oil passages
(Fig. 17).
(2) Apply a bead of Loctite 277 around the outside
diameter of the oil passage cup plugs. (3) Drive the cup plugs in until they bottom in the
bore (Fig. 17).

•

5.9L
(DIESEL) ENGINE 9 - 139

Fig.
2 Main Beating Cap
Removal
CAUTION:
Crankshaft must be
lifted
straight
off the

bearings
to
prevent
damage
to the
thrust
bearings.

Fig.
3 Lifting Crankshaft out of Cylinder
Block

(7)
Remove the main bearings from the block and
the main caps. (8) Remove the piston cooling nozzles by using a
3/16 inch pin punch to push them out (Fig. 4).

Fig.
4
Piston
Cooling
Nozzles

CLEANING
AND
INSPECTION
Clean the crankshaft oil galley holes with a nylon
brush. Rinse in clean solvent and dry with compressed air. Inspect the front and rear seal contact areas of the
crankshaft for scratches or grooving. The service seal kit will position the seal slightly
deeper into the seal bore so it will contact the crank­
shaft at a different location. If this has already been
done and the crankshaft has two worn areas, install
a wear sleeve to provide a new contact surface for
the seal.
Inspect the rod and main journal for deep scores,
signs of overheating and other abnormal marks.

CRANKSHAFT
REWORK
Crankshaft main and rod journals may be ground
in increments of 0.25 mm (0.0098 inch) up to a total
of 1.00 mm (0.0394 inch). The only exception is the main journal thrust
width surface. This journal must be ground in incre­ ments of 0.50 mm (0.0197 inch) up to a total of 1.00
mm (0.0394 inch). The thrust surface is located on
the No.6 main bearing. When the thrust surface re­ quires grinding, the main journal must be ground to
the same undersize dimension.

MAIN
JOURNAL
All main journals are to be ground in the opposite
direction of engine rotation (clockwise as viewed
from the front of crankshaft). Polish the journals in
the same direction as engine rotation.
The main bearing grinding specifications are
shown in Fig. 5.

STANDARD
MAIN
JOURNAL
DIAMETER
83.000 +0.013 mm
(3.2677 ±0.0005 inch)

WORN
MAIN
JOURNAL
DIAMETER
LIMIT
82.962 (3.2662
inch)

UNDERSIZES
REGRIND
TO
0.25 mm
(0.0098
inch)
82.750 ±0.013 mm
(3.2579 ±0.0005
inch)

0.50 mm
(0.0197
inch)
82.500 +0.013 mm
(3.2480 +0.0005
inch)

0.75 mm
(0.0295
inch)
82.250 +0.013 mm
(3.2381 ±0.0005
inch)

1.00 mm
(0.0394 inch) 82.000 +0.013 mm
(3.2283 ±0.0005 inch)

OUT-OF
ROUND
&
TAPER
(MAX.)
0.005 mm (0.0002 inch)

ALL
MAIN
JOURNALS
ARE
TO
BE
PARALLEL

TO
THE
FRONT
AND
REAR
MAINS
WITHIN:
0.030
mm
(0.001 inch)
J9109-125

Fig.
5 Crankshaft Main
Journal
Dimensions

Thrust journals can be ground in the same incre­
ments and using the same specifications as all other main journals. The main journal radius may be ground using either the preferred or the alternative

9
- 140 5.9L
(DIESEL)
ENGINE

• procedure providing
the
thrust surface width
is not

being ground.
The
preferred procedure must
be
used
when
the
main bearing thrust width surface
is
ground. When
the
thrust surface width requires
grinding,
the
main journal must
be
ground
to the

same undersize dimension
(Fig. 6).
THRUST JOURNAL WIDTH
37.500 ±0.025
mm

(1.4764 ±0.001 inch)
UNDERSIZES REGRIND WIDTH
TO

0.50 mm 38.000 ±0.025
mm

(0.0197 inch) (1.4961 ±0.001 inch

1.00
mm 38.500 ±0.025
mm

(0.0394 inch) (1.5158 ±0.001 inch)
J9109-127
Fig.
6
Crankshaft Thrust
Journal
Width
Dimensions

The thrust surface
is to be
ground
on
center within
0.10
mm
(0.004 inch).
It
also must
be
perpendicular
to
the
front
and
rear mains within 0.0015
mm
(0.00006 inch)
per
radial inch
on the
thrust area
(Fig.
7). The
surface finish requirement
is 0.04 mi­

crometer
(16.0
microinch).
JOURNAL

J9109-128

Fig.
7
Crankshaft Thrust Surface PREFERRED PROCEDURE:
Smoothly blend
a 4.20
±0.020
mm
(0.1654 ±0.0008
inch) radius
to the
ground diameters
(Fig. 8).

CAUTION:
DO NOT use the
Alternative Procedure
when
the
thrust
surface
width
is
ground.

ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE: Smoothly blend
a 1.25
±0.020
mm
(0.0492 ±0.0008
inch) radius
to the
ground diameters
(Fig. 9).

ROD
JOURNAL
All
rod
journals
are to be
ground
in the
opposite
di­

rection
of
engine rotation (clockwise
as
viewed from
ORIGINAL
RADIUS

JOURNAL
SURFACE
®
SURFACE
FINISH

®
0.8
micrometer
(32.0
microinch)
for
a
minimum
of 45°
into
the fillet
beyond journal surface

1.6
micrometer
(64.0
microinch)
for remainder
of fillet

©
0.4
micrometer
(16.0
microinch)

J9109-129
Fig.
8
Grind
Crankshaft Main Journal—Preferred

Method

the front
of
crankshaft). Polish
the
journals
in the
same direction
as
engine rotation. The
rod
bearing grinding specifications
are
shown
in
Fig. 10.
PREFERRED PROCEDURE:
Smoothly blend
a 4.00
±0.020 (0.1575 ±0.0008
inch) radius
to the
ground diameters
and
side faces (Fig.
11).

ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE: Smoothly blend
a 1.25
±0.020
mm
(0.0492 ±0.0008
inch) radius
to the
ground journals
(Fig. 12).

CRANKSHAFT
FRONT
SEAL

REMOVAL
(1) Remove
the
drive belt.
(2) Remove
the
vibration damper.
(3) Drill
two 1/Sth
inch holes into
the
seal face,
180° apart. (4)
Use a
slide hammer tool with
a #10
metal
screw. Pull alternating from side-to-side until
the
seal
is
free.

INSTALLATION
(1)
The
sealing surface
on the
crankshaft must
be

free from
all oil
residue
to
prevent seal leaks.

5-9L
(DIESEL) ENGINE
9 - 141

ORIGINAL RADIUS
NEW UNDERCUT RADIUS JOURNAL SURFACE ORIGINAL RADIUS
NEW UNDERCUT RADIUSs
SURFACE FINISH
®
0.8 micrometer (32.0 microinch) for a minimum of
45°
into the

fillet
beyond journal surface
(D 1.6 micrometer (64.0 microinch) for remainder of
fillet

©
0.4 micrometer (16.0 microinch)

WIDTH
OF
REGRIND/UNDERCUT RADIUS
®
34.5
±0.025
mm
(1.358
±0.001
in)
JOURNAL SURFACE

J9109-130

Fig. 9 Grind Crankshaft Main Journal—Alternative Method
STANDARD ROD JOURNAL DIAMETER 69.000 +0.013 mm
(2.7165 ±0.0005 inch)
WORN ROD JOURNAL DIAMETER LIMIT 68.962 (2.7150 inch)
UNDERSIZES REGRIND TO
0.25 mm
(0.0098 inch) 68.750 +0.013 mm
(2.7067 ±0.0005 inch)
0.50 mm
(0.0197 inch) 68.500 +0.013 mm
(2.6969 ±0.0005 inch)
0.75 mm
(0.0295 inch) 68.250 +0.013 mm
(2.6870 ±0.0005 inch)
1.00 mm
(0.0394 inch) 68.000 +0.013 mm
(2.6772 ±0.0005 inch)
OUT-OF ROUND & TAPER (MAX.) 0.005 mm (0.0002 inch)
ALL MAIN JOURNALS
ARE
TO
BE
PARALLEL
TO THE FRONT AND REAR MAINS WITHIN: 0.030 mm (0.001 inch)
J9109-126
Fig. 10 Crankshaft Rod Journal Dimensions
(2) If the gear cover was replaced, use the align­
ment tool from the seal kit to make sure the cover is aligned with the crankshaft.
SURFACE FINISH
©
0.8 micrometer (32.0 microinch)
for a minimum of 45° into the
fillet
beyond journal surface 1.6 micrometer (64.0 microinch)
for remainder of
fillet
0.4 micrometer (16.0 microinch)
CD

©

J9109-131

Fig. 11 Crankshaft Rod Journal Grind—Preferred Method
(3) Apply a bead of Loctite 277 to the outside di­
ameter of the seal.
(4) Install the pilot from the seal kit onto the
crankshaft.
(5) Install the seal onto the pilot and start it into
the gear housing cover seal bore. (6) Remove the pilot.
(7) Use the alignment/installation tool and a plas­
tic hammer to install the seal to the correct depth.
(8) Install the vibration damper, but DO NOT
tighten the damper bolt until the belt is installed.
(9) Install the drive belt.
(10) Tighten the vibration damper bolts to 125
Nun (92 ft. lbs.) torque. Use the engine barring tool
to keep the engine from rotating during torquing op­ eration.
CRANKSHAFT REAR SEAL HOUSING AND
SEAL

REMOVAL

(1) Remove the rear seal housing and gasket (Fig.

13).
(2) Support the seal area of the rear seal housing
and press/drive out the seal using a hammer and a
pin pinch.
(3) Clean the rear seal housing.

•

EXHAUST SYSTEM
AND
INTAKE MANIFOLD
11-27
SPECIFICATIONS

TURBOCHARGER SPECIFICATIONS

COMPONENT
DIMENSIONS

Air Intake Restrictions
635
mm Water (25 in. Water) Max.
Turbo Radial Clearance
0.300-0.460
mm
(0.012-0.018
inch)
Turbo Rotor Assembly End Play Before S/N 840638 0.102-0.152 mm (0.004-0.006 inch)
S/N
840638
AND AFTER .
0.026-0.076
mm
(0.001-0.003
inch)
Turbo Shaft Bearing Diameter
10.97 (0.432
inch)

J9111-26

FRAME
AND
BUMPERS
13 - 25
FUNCTION
The frame is the foundation and the structural cen­
ter of the vehicle. The primary function of a frame is
to provide support and attachment locations: • For all the chassis/drivetrain components
• For the cab/body
• For the vehicle payload While limiting deflections and twisting of the
frame members. The frame maintains the correct relationship and
alignment of the powertrain. This relationship and
alignment ensures normal operation of the attached

units.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL High-strength, carbon steel with a minimum yield
strength of 32,000 psi is used to construct frame side

rails.
A frame made of 32,000 psi minimum yield
strength steel has, in reality, a range of 32,000 to
44,000 psi yield strength.
For 4WD vehicle applications, the frame side rails
reinforcements are constructed of the same high- strength, carbon steel as the side rails.
BENDING RESISTANCE A frame reacts to its load and the road surface de­
viations by deflecting and twisting. The primary de­
flecting frame members are the side rails. Resistance
to frame twist is provided by the crossmembers.

FRAME
INSPECTION/MEASUREMENTS

INSPECTION Inspect the frame members for visible damage and
metal deformations. Inspect all riveted, bolted and
welded connections for looseness and/or missing hardware. All damaged areas must be repaired and/or the
frame members replaced, as necessary.
MEASUREMENTS Measure the frame for mis-alignment with the cab/
body and cargo box attached to the frame. Figures 7, 8, 9 provide the frame alignment reference dimen­

sions.

The following information applies to all measure­
ments.
(1) Place the vehicle on a level surface.
(2) If the vehicle is loaded, verify the vehicle does
not exceed the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).
Verify the load is distributed in the vehicle as evenly as possible. For better measurement results, remove
the cargo/payload from the vehicle.
(3) Measure the tire inflation pressures. Adjust as
necessary.
HORIZONTAL/DIAGONAL
FRAME MEASUREMENTS

Determine the frame horizontal, according to the
following procedure.
(1) Select several reference points along one frame
side rail, preferably at the crossmember junctions.
(2) Transfer these reference points to the surface/
floor. Paper sheets can be attached to the surface be­ low the reference points.
(3) Locate the same reference points on the other
frame side rail. Transfer them to the surface/floor.
(4) Move the vehicle away. Measure between all
the reference points diagonally from and parallel to
the side rails (Fig. 10). The corresponding measure­ ments should not differ by more than 6 mm (1/4 in).

(5)
Measure the distance between the two front
reference points. Measure the distance between the
two rear reference points. Divide each distance in
half and indicate the two half-way points on the sur­
face/floor. Designate the front point as 1 and the rear
point as 2 (Fig. 10).
(6) Place a chalk-line between points 1 and 2 (Fig.
10) and snap the string.
(7) Determine how close the center line is to the
diagonal intersection points in Figure 10.
(8) The marks on the floor will show the amount of
frame misalignment.
(9) The reference point transferred from one side
rail should be within 3 mm (1/8 in) of the opposite
reference point.
(10) Frame bow to the side should not exceed 3
mm per 2540 mm (1/8 inch per 100 inches) in frame
length.
(11) The overall width of the frame should not
vary more than 3 mm (1/8 in). (12) Repeat steps (1) through (11) after straighten­
ing the frame.
Refer to Figures 7, 8, and 9 for frame horizon­
tal alignment reference dimensions.

TWIST
AND PARALLEL FRAME MEASUREMENTS
Determine the amount of frame twist using the fol­
lowing procedure.
(1) Mark the vertical reference points under the
frame side rails at 305-mm (12-in) intervals. Start at
the rear frame crossmember.
(2) Measure the distance up from a level surface/
floor to each corresponding reference point. (3) The distance to a reference point under one
side rail should be a maximum of 3 mm (1/8 in)
dif­

ference than the opposite side rail.
Refer to Figures 7, 8 and 9 for frame vertical
alignment reference dimensions.