engine FORD F450 SUPER DUTY 2017 Repair Manual

Look for a label on the fuel pump toconfirm the amount of biodiesel containedin a diesel fuel. Biodiesel content is oftenindicated with the letter B followed by thepercent of biodiesel in the fuel. Forexample, B20 indicates a fuel containing20% biodiesel. Ask the service stationattendant to confirm the biodiesel contentof a diesel fuel if you do not see a label onthe fuel pump.
Biodiesel fuels degrade more easily thandiesel fuels not containing biodiesel andshould not be stored in the fuel tank formore than 1 month. If you plan to park orstore your vehicle for more than 1 month,then you should empty your vehicle fueltank of biodiesel fuel. You should fill thetank with a pure petroleum-based dieselfuel and run your vehicle for a minimum of30 minutes.
Note:Degraded or oxidized biodiesel candamage fuel system seals and plastics andcorrode steel parts.
During cold weather, if you have problemsoperating on biodiesel, you may need touse a diesel fuel with lower biodieselcontent, try another brand, or discontinuethe use of biodiesel.
Diesel Fuel Additives
It should not be necessary to add anyaftermarket additives to your fuel if youuse a high quality diesel fuel that conformsto ASTM industry specifications.Aftermarket additives can damage the fuelinjector system or engine.
Use Motorcraft® cetane booster or anequivalent cetane booster additive if yoususpect fuel has low cetane. UseMotorcraft® anti-gel & performanceimprover or an equivalent additive if thereis fuel gelling.
Do not use alcohol-based additives toimprove cetane quality, to prevent fuelgelling or any other use. The use of alcoholadditives may result in damage to the fuelinjectors and system. See Capacities andSpecifications (page 427).
The Vehicle Warranty may not coverrepairs needed to correct the effects ofusing an aftermarket product that doesnot meet Ford specifications in your fuel.
FUEL QUALITY - GASOLINE
Choosing the Right Fuel
We recommend regular unleaded gasolinewith a minimum pump (R+M)/2 octanerating of 87. Some fuel stations offer fuelsposted as regular unleaded gasoline withan octane rating below 87, particularly inhigh altitude areas. We do not recommendfuels with an octane rating below 87.
Do not use any fuel other than thoserecommended because they could lead toengine damage that may not be coveredby the vehicle Warranty.
Note:Use of any fuel other than thoserecommended can impair the emissioncontrol system and cause a loss of vehicleperformance.
Do not use:
•Diesel fuel.
•Fuels containing kerosene or paraffin.
•Fuel containing more than 15% ethanolor E85 fuel.
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•Fuels containing methanol.
•Fuels containing metallic-basedadditives, including manganese-basedcompounds.
•Fuels containing the octane boosteradditive, methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl (MMT).
•Leaded fuel (using leaded fuel isprohibited by law).
The use of fuels with metallic compoundssuch as methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl (commonly knownas MMT), which is a manganese-basedfuel additive, will impair engineperformance and affect the emissioncontrol system.
Do not be concerned if the enginesometimes knocks lightly. However, if theengine knocks heavily while using fuel withthe recommended octane rating, contactan authorized dealer to prevent any enginedamage.
RUNNING OUT OF FUEL
Avoid running out of fuel because thissituation may have an adverse effect onengine components.
If you have run out of fuel:
•You may need to cycle the ignition fromoff to on several times after refuelingto allow the fuel system to pump thefuel from the tank to the engine. Onrestarting, cranking time will take a fewseconds longer than normal. Withkeyless ignition, just start the engine.Crank time will be longer than usual.
•Normally, adding 1.06 gal (4 L) of fuelis enough to restart the engine. If thevehicle is out of fuel and on a steepgrade, more than 1.06 gal (4 L) may berequired.
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC
REDUCTION SYSTEM - DIESEL
Your vehicle may have a selective catalyticreduction system. The system helps reduceemission levels of oxides of nitrogen fromthe exhaust system. The systemautomatically injects diesel exhaust fluidinto the exhaust system to enable correctselective catalytic reduction systemfunction.
Note:Selective catalytic reduction systemsare not fitted to vehicles in markets whereonly high-sulfur diesel fuel is available.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level
In order for the system to operate correctlyyou must maintain the diesel exhaust fluidlevel.
A warning message appears in theinformation display when the dieselexhaust fluid level is low. If a warningmessage appears, refill the diesel exhaustfluid tank as soon as possible. SeeInformation Messages (page 128).
Filling the Diesel Exhaust FluidTank
WARNINGS
Keep diesel exhaust fluid out ofreach of children. Avoid contact withskin, eyes or clothing. In case ofcontact with your eyes, flush immediatelywith water and get prompt medicalattention. In case of contact with your skin,clean immediately with soap and water. Ifyou swallow any diesel exhaust fluid, drinkplenty of water, call a physicianimmediately.
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2. Remove the diesel exhaust fluid tankfiller cap.
3.Insert the spout in to the filler neck untilthe seal on the spout seats on to thefiller neck. Pour the fluid in to the tank.When the tank is full the fluid will stopflowing automatically.
4. Return the container to the verticalposition slightly below the dieselexhaust fluid filler neck. Allow any fluidremaining in the spout to drain back into the container.
5. Remove the spout from the dieselexhaust fluid filler neck. Replace thediesel exhaust fluid tank cap.
6. Remove the spout from the dieselexhaust fluid container and replace thecap.
Note:If there is diesel exhaust fluid left inthe container retain it for later use. Thespout is re-useable. Wash the spout withclean water prior to storage. Do not use thediesel exhaust fluid spout with any otherfluid.
Filling the Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank inCold Climates
Diesel exhaust fluid may freeze if theambient temperature is below 12°F (-11°C).Your vehicle has a preheating systemwhich allows diesel exhaust fluid tooperate below 12°F (-11°C). If you do notuse your vehicle for an extended periodwhen the ambient temperature is below12°F (-11°C), the fluid in the tank mayfreeze. If the tank is overfilled and the fluidfreezes it may damage the tank. This is notcovered by the vehicle warranty.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid WarningMessages and Vehicle Operations
WARNINGS
Diesel exhaust fluid must be refilledwhen low or replaced whencontaminated or your vehicle speedbecomes limited to 50 mph (80 km/h). Inthese conditions, drive with caution andrefill diesel exhaust fluid immediately. Ifthe diesel exhaust fluid becomes emptyor contaminated and fluid is not replaced,your vehicle becomes limited to engine idleonly once stopped. In these conditions, becautious where you stop your vehiclebecause you may not be able to drive longdistances or maintain highway speeds untilyou refill or replace the diesel exhaust fluid.
Tampering with or disabling selectivecatalytic reduction system results insevere vehicle performancelimitation including eventual speed limitingto 5 mph (5 km/h).
The information display shows a series ofmessages about the amount of dieselexhaust fluid available. A systems checkdisplays messages indicating the amountof diesel exhaust fluid available or displaysa warning message indicating theapproximate distance remaining as thefluid in the diesel exhaust fluid tank nearsempty. See Information Messages(page 128).
As the diesel exhaust fluid levelnears empty, the warningsymbol displays and a series oftones and messages starting at 500 mi(800 km) remaining before diesel exhaustfluid is depleted. The warning symbol andmessages continue until you refill thediesel exhaust fluid tank.
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Continued driving without refilling resultsin the following actions as required by theCalifornia Air Resources Board (CARB) andthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA):
•Within a preset distance to empty,speed is limited upon vehicle restart.Prior to this occurring a messageappears in the information display.
•Further vehicle operation withoutrefilling the diesel exhaust fluid tankcauses the engine to enter an idle-onlycondition. This only occurs upon vehiclerefueling or at an extended idle. Amessage indicates the required actionsto resume normal operation. It isrequired to add a minimum of 1.0 gal(3.8 L) of diesel exhaust fluid to thetank to exit the idle-only condition, butyour vehicle is still in the speed-limitingmode until you refill the tankcompletely.
Note:For either vehicle speed limiting oridle-only condition, normal vehicle operationresumes when you refill the diesel exhaustfluid tank.
Note:When filling the diesel exhaust fluidtank from empty, there may be a short delaybefore detecting the increased level of fluid.The increased level detection must occurbefore your vehicle returns to full power.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid Guidelinesand Information
•Use only diesel exhaust fluid thatcarries the American PetroleumInstitute (API) certified diesel exhaustfluid trademark or ISO 22241.
•Do not put diesel exhaust fluid in thediesel fuel tank.
•Do not overfill the diesel exhaust fluidtank.
•Diesel exhaust fluid is corrosive.
•Do not re-use the diesel exhaust fluidcontainer once it is emptied.
•Avoid spilling diesel exhaust fluid onpainted surfaces, carpeting or plasticcomponents. Immediately wipe awayany diesel exhaust fluid that has spilledwith a damp cloth and water. If it hasalready crystallized, use warm waterand a sponge.
•Store diesel exhaust fluid out of directsunlight and in temperatures between23°F (-5°C) and 68°F (20°C).
•Diesel exhaust fluid freezes below 12°F(-11°C).
•Do not store the diesel exhaust fluidbottle in your vehicle. If it leaks it couldcause damage to interior componentsor release an ammonia odor inside yourvehicle.
•Diesel exhaust fluid is non-flammable,non-toxic, colorless and water-solubleliquid.
•The system has a diesel exhaust fluidquality sensor. Dilution of dieselexhaust fluid or use of any other liquidin the SCR system leads to a dieselexhaust fluid system fault, eventuallyleading to the vehicle only operating inidle-only mode.
•Do not dilute diesel exhaust fluid withwater or any other liquid.
•An ammonia odor may be smelledwhen the cap is removed or duringrefill. Refill diesel exhaust fluid in a wellventilated area.
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Typical Diesel Exhaust Fluid UsageWhen Using the Power Take Off (PTO)
Continuous PTO use—Minimal PTO use
0–7,800 mi (0–12,550 km)
Contaminated Diesel ExhaustFluid or Inoperative SelectiveCatalytic Reduction System
Selective catalytic reduction systems aresensitive to contamination of the dieselexhaust fluid. Maintaining the purity of thefluid is important to avoid systemmalfunctions. If you remove or drain thediesel exhaust fluid tank, do not use thesame fluid to refill the tank. The systemhas a sensor to monitor fluid quality.
A warning lamp illuminates anda message appears in theinformation display if the systembecomes contaminated or inoperative.
Continued driving without replacing dieselexhaust fluid or having the selectivecatalytic reduction system repaired resultsin the following actions as required by theCalifornia Air Resources Board (CARB) andU.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA):
•Within a preset distance to empty,speed is limited upon vehicle restart.Prior to this occurring a messageappears in the information display.
•Further vehicle operation withoutreplacing contaminated diesel exhaustfluid causes the engine to enter anidle-only condition. This only occursupon vehicle refueling, vehicle idling inpark for 1 hour, or engine shutdown for10 minutes or more and is indicated bya message in the information displayindicating required actions to resumenormal operation.
Note:For vehicle speed limiting or idle-onlycondition, normal vehicle operation resumeswhen you repair the contaminated system.To service a contaminated or inoperativesystem, see an authorized dealer.
REFUELING - GASOLINE
WARNINGS
Fuel vapor burns violently and a fuelfire can cause severe injuries.
Read and follow all the instructionson the pump island.
Turn off your engine when you arerefueling.
Do not smoke if you are near fuel orrefueling your vehicle.
Keep sparks, flames and smokingmaterials away from fuel.
Stay outside your vehicle and do notleave the fuel pump unattendedwhen refueling your vehicle. This isagainst the law in some places.
Keep children away from the fuelpump; never let children pump fuel.
Do not use personal electronicdevices while refueling.
Wait at least 10 seconds beforeremoving the fuel pump nozzle toallow any residual fuel to drain intothe fuel tank.
Stop refueling after the fuel pumpnozzle automatically shuts off for thesecond time. Failure to follow thiswill fill the expansion space in the fuel tankand could lead to fuel overflowing.
Do not remove the fuel pump nozzlefrom its fully inserted position whenrefueling.
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Use the following guidelines to avoidelectrostatic charge build-up when fillingan ungrounded fuel container:
•Place approved fuel container on theground.
•Do not fill a fuel container while it is inthe vehicle (including the cargo area).
•Keep the fuel pump nozzle in contactwith the fuel container while filling.
•Do not use a device that would holdthe fuel pump handle in the fill position.
Fuel Filler Cap
WARNINGS
The fuel system may be underpressure. If you hear a hissing soundnear the fuel filler door, do not refueluntil the sound stops. Otherwise, fuel mayspray out, which could cause seriouspersonal injury.
If you do not use the proper fuel fillercap, excessive pressure or vacuumin the fuel tank may damage the fuelsystem or cause the fuel cap to disengagein a collision, which may result in possiblepersonal injury.
Note:If you must replace the fuel filler cap,replace it with a fuel filler cap that isdesigned for your vehicle. The customerwarranty may be void for any damage to thefuel tank or fuel system if the correctgenuine Ford, Motorcraft or other certifiedfuel filler cap is not used.
Your fuel tank filler cap has an indexeddesign with a 1/4th turn on and off feature.When fueling your vehicle:
1. Put your vehicle in park (P).
2. Switch the engine off.
3. Carefully turn the filler capcounterclockwise until it spins off.
4. Pull to remove the cap from the fuelfiller pipe.
5.To install the cap, align the tabs on thecap with the notches on the filler pipe.
6. Turn the filler cap clockwise 1/4 of aturn clockwise until it clicks at leastonce.
If the Check Fuel Cap light or a Check FuelCap message appears in the instrumentcluster and stays on after you start theengine, you may not have installed the fuelfiller properly.
If the fuel cap light remains on, at the nextopportunity, safely pull off of the road,remove the fuel filler cap, align the capproperly and reinstall it. The check fuel caplight or Check fuel cap message may notreset immediately. It may take severaldriving cycles for the indicators to turn off.A driving cycle consists of an enginestart-up (after four or more hours with theengine off) followed by normal city andhighway driving.
REFUELING - DIESEL
WARNINGS
Read and follow all the instructionson the pump island.
Stay outside your vehicle and do notleave the fuel pump unattendedwhen refueling your vehicle.
Keep children away from the fuelpump. Never let children pump fuel.
Wait at least 10 seconds beforeremoving the fuel pump nozzle toallow any residual fuel to drain intothe fuel tank.
Do not remove the fuel pump nozzlefrom its fully inserted position whenrefueling.
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WARNINGS
When refueling always shut theengine off and never allow sparks oropen flames near the fuel tank fillervalve. Never smoke or use a cell phonewhile refueling. Fuel vapor is extremelyhazardous under certain conditions. Avoidinhaling excess fumes.
Stop refueling after the fuel pumpnozzle automatically shuts off for thesecond time. Failure to follow thiswill fill the expansion space in the fuel tankand could lead to fuel overflowing.
The fuel system may be underpressure. If the fuel filler cap isventing vapor or if you hear a hissingsound, wait until it stops before completelyremoving the fuel filler cap. Otherwise, fuelmay spray out and injure you or others.
If you do not use the proper fuel fillercap, excessive pressure or vacuumin the fuel tank may damage the fuelsystem or cause the fuel cap to disengagein a collision, which may result in possiblepersonal injury.
Note:If you must replace the fuel filler cap,replace it with a fuel filler cap designed foryour vehicle. The vehicle Warranty may bevoid for any damage to the fuel tank or fuelsystem if the correct genuine Ford orMotorcraft® fuel filler cap is not used.
Fueling Tips
If air is allowed to enter the fuel system theengine automatically purges any trappedair. To purge the air sooner: prior to enginestart, prime the system by turning the keyto on for 30 seconds then to off. Repeatthis several times. The engine may runrough and produce white smoke while airis in the system. This is normal.
Use only clean, approved containers thatwill prevent the entry of dirt or waterwhenever you store diesel fuel.
Diesel fuel must not be stored in agalvanized container. The fuel will dissolvethe zinc in the galvanized container. Thezinc will then remain in the fuel. If you runthe contaminated fuel through the engine,the zinc will deposit in the fuel injectorscausing expensive-to-repair damage.
Diesel fuel dispensing nozzle fill rate
Your vehicle has a fuel fill pipe that is ableto accept fuel up to 20 gal (76 L) perminute from an 1.2 in (30 mm)fuel-dispensing nozzle. Pumping fuel atgreater flow rates may result in prematurenozzle shut-off or spit back.
Truck stops have pumps and nozzlesdesigned for larger, heavy-duty trucks.When refueling at truck stops: if the nozzleshuts off repeatedly when refueling, wait5–10 seconds; then use a slower rate offlow, do not depress the nozzle trigger asfar.
Refueling
When fueling your vehicle do the following:
1.Fully open the fuel tank filler door untilit engages and remove the fuel tankfiller cap. The fuel tank filler cap hasan indexed design with a 1/4 turnon/off feature. Carefully turn the fillercap counterclockwise until it spins off.
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2. Insert the fuel pump nozzle up to thefirst notch on the nozzle A. Keep itresting on the cover of the fuel tankfiller pipe opening.
3.Hold the fuel pump nozzle in the lowerposition B when refueling. Holding thefuel pump nozzle in the higher positionA may affect the flow of fuel and shutoff the fuel pump nozzle before the fueltank is full.
4.Slightly raise the fuel pump nozzle andthen slowly remove it.
5. Replace the fuel tank filler cap andclose the fuel tank filler door.
Note: Do not attempt to start the engineif you have filled the fuel tank with incorrectfuel. Incorrect fuel use can cause damagenot covered by the vehicle Warranty. Haveyour vehicle checked immediately.
Dual Fuel Tanks (If Equipped)
Your vehicle may have a dual fuel tankdelivery system which operatesindependently and automatically. The fuelpump in the front fuel tank delivers fuel tothe engine. When the fuel level in the frontfuel tank drops below three quarter full,fuel automatically transfers from the rearfuel tank to the front fuel tank. Wheneverthere is fuel in the rear fuel tank, the frontfuel tank level remains between half andthree quarter full.
Note:If your vehicle runs out of fuel, youmust add fuel to the front fuel tank torestart the engine.
FUEL CONSUMPTION
The advertised capacity is the maximumamount of fuel that you can add to the fueltank after running out of fuel. Included inthe advertised capacity is an emptyreserve. The empty reserve is anunspecified amount of fuel that remainsin the fuel tank when the fuel gaugeindicates empty.
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Note:The amount of fuel in the emptyreserve varies and should not be relied uponto increase driving range.
Filling the Fuel Tank
For consistent results when refueling:
•Turn the ignition off before fueling; aninaccurate reading results if the engineis left running.
•Use the same fill rate(low-medium-high) each time the tankis filled.
•Allow no more than one automaticshut-off when refueling.
Results are most accurate when the fillingmethod is consistent.
Calculating Fuel Economy
Do not measure fuel economy during thefirst 1,000 mi (1,600 km) of driving (this isyour engine’s break-in period). A moreaccurate measurement is obtained after2,000 mi (3,200 km) to 3,000 mi(4,800 km). Also, fuel expense, frequencyof fill ups or fuel gauge readings are notaccurate ways to measure fuel economy.
1.Fill the fuel tank completely and recordthe initial odometer reading.
2. Each time you fill the fuel tank, recordthe amount of fuel added.
3. After at least three fill ups, fill the fueltank and record the current odometerreading.
4. Subtract your initial odometer readingfrom the current odometer reading.
To calculate L/100 km (liters per 100kilometers) fuel consumption, multiply theliters used by 100, then divide by kilometerstraveled. To calculate MPG (miles pergallon) fuel consumption, divide milestraveled by gallons used.
Keep a record for at least one month andrecord the type of driving (city or highway).This provides an accurate estimate of yourvehicle's fuel economy under currentdriving conditions. Keeping records duringsummer and winter will show howtemperature impacts fuel economy.
Conditions
•Heavily loading your vehicle reducesfuel economy.
•Carrying unnecessary weight in yourvehicle may reduce fuel economy.
•Adding certain accessories to yourvehicle such as bug deflectors, rollbarsor light bars, running boards and skiracks may reduce fuel economy.
•Using fuel blended with alcohol maylower fuel economy.
•Fuel economy may decrease with lowertemperatures.
•Fuel economy may decrease whendriving short distances.
•You will get better fuel economy whendriving on flat terrain than when drivingon hilly terrain.
EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM
- GASOLINE
WARNINGS
Do not park, idle or drive your vehicleon dry grass or other dry groundcover. The emission system heats upthe engine compartment and exhaustsystem, creating the risk of fire.
Exhaust leaks may result in entry ofharmful and potentially lethal fumesinto the passenger compartment. Ifyou smell exhaust fumes inside yourvehicle, have your vehicle inspectedimmediately. Do not drive if you smellexhaust fumes.
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Your vehicle has various emission controlcomponents and a catalytic converter thatenables it to comply with applicableexhaust emission standards.
To make sure that the catalytic converterand other emission control componentscontinue to work properly:
•Use only the specified fuel listed.
•Avoid running out of fuel.
•Do not turn off the ignition while yourvehicle is moving, especially at highspeeds.
•Have the items listed in scheduledmaintenance information performedaccording to the specified schedule.
The scheduled maintenance items listedin scheduled maintenance information areessential to the life and performance ofyour vehicle and to its emissions system.
If you use anything other than Ford,Motorcraft or Ford-authorized parts formaintenance replacements or for serviceof components affecting emission control,such non-Ford parts should be equivalentto genuine Ford Motor Company parts inperformance and durability.
Illumination of the service engine soonindicator, charging system warning light orthe temperature warning light, fluid leaks,strange odors, smoke or loss of enginepower could indicate that the emissioncontrol system is not working properly.
An improperly operating or damagedexhaust system may allow exhaust toenter the vehicle. Have a damaged orimproperly operating exhaust systeminspected and repaired immediately.
Do not make any unauthorized changes toyour vehicle or engine. By law, vehicleowners and anyone who manufactures,repairs, services, sells, leases, tradesvehicles, or supervises a fleet of vehiclesare not permitted to intentionally remove
an emission control device or prevent itfrom working. Information about yourvehicle’s emission system is on the VehicleEmission Control Information Decallocated on or near the engine. This decalalso lists engine displacement.
Please consult your warranty informationfor complete details.
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD-II)
Your vehicle has a computer known as theon-board diagnostics system (OBD-II) thatmonitors the engine’s emission controlsystem. The system protects theenvironment by making sure that yourvehicle continues to meet governmentemission standards. The OBD-II systemalso assists a service technician in properlyservicing your vehicle.
When the service engine soonindicator illuminates, the OBD-IIsystem has detected amalfunction. Temporary malfunctions maycause the service engine soon indicator toilluminate. Examples are:
1. Your vehicle has run out of fuel—theengine may misfire or run poorly.
2. Poor fuel quality or water in thefuel—the engine may misfire or runpoorly.
3. The fuel fill inlet may not have closedproperly. See Refueling (page 192).
4. Driving through deep water—theelectrical system may be wet.
You can correct these temporarymalfunctions by filling the fuel tank withgood quality fuel, properly closing the fuelfill inlet or letting the electrical system dryout. After three driving cycles without theseor any other temporary malfunctions
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