brakes FORD F650 2012 12.G Service Manual

Brake system - general inspection
Your vehicle is equipped with non-asbestos brake linings. However,
exposure to excessive amounts of brake material (whether asbestos or
non-asbestos, fiberglass, mineral wool, aramid or carbon) may be a
serious health hazard.
Note:Persons handling brake linings should follow all precautions listed
below:
WARNING:
1. Always wear a respirator approved by the National Institute of
Occupational Studies of Health (NIOSH) or Mine Safety and Appliance
(MSA) during all brake service procedures. Wear the respirator from
removal of the wheels through assembly.
2.Neveruse compressed air or dry brushing to clean brake parts or
assemblies.
3. Clean brake parts and assemblies in open air. During assembly,
carefully place all parts on the floor to avoid getting dust in the air. Use
an industrial vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter system to clean dust
from the brake drums, backing plates and other brake parts. After using
the vacuum, remove any remaining dust with a rag soaked in water and
wrung until nearly dry.
4.Neveruse compressed air or dry sweeping to clean the work area.
Use an industrial vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter system and rags
soaked in water until wrung until nearly dry. Dispose of used rags with
care to avoid getting dust in the air. Use an approved respirator when
emptying vacuum cleaners and handling used rags.
5.Worker clean-up:Wash your hands before eating, drinking or
smoking. Vacuum your work clothes after use and then launder them
separately, without shaking them, to prevent fiber dust getting into the
air.
Air brakes
Inspection and adjustment:Establish a regular schedule for periodic
cleaning, lubrication and adjustment inspection based on vehicle use.
Exact maintenance intervals are difficult to predetermine since vehicles
are used in a wide variety of applications and conditions; if you are
uncertain of the proper schedule for your vehicle, contact your dealer.
Maintenance and Specifications
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Periodic checking of push rod travel or brake adjustment is essential for
effective braking. Check push rod travel every service interval to determine
if adjustment is correct. Brake chamber push rods on original equipment
chambers now incorporate an orange paint marker near the base of the
push rod as a stroke indicator to aid in adjustment checks. If the push rod
is clean and the brakes are out of adjustment, the orange marker can be
seen protruding from the chamber when the brakes are applied.
WARNING:Do not manually adjust the automatic slack
adjusters to correct excessive push rod stroke as it may result in
reduced brake effectiveness and a vehicle crash. Excessive push rod
stroke indicates that a problem exists with the automatic adjuster, with
the installation of the adjuster, or with foundation brake components
that manual adjustment does not remedy. Seek service from a qualified
facility for excessive push rod stroke.
Inspect the brake lining every maintenance interval. When brake lining or
blocks are worn to within 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of rivets, replace the brake
linings. This inspection or adjustment should only be performed by a
qualified technician and must be in accordance with instructions
provided by the service manual.
Do not back off or disconnect the front brakes so that they are less
effective, letting the rear brakes do all the stopping of the vehicle. Do
not overlook the brakes on the trailer, either. Brake condition on the
trailer is just as important as the tractor. Proper brake balance on trucks
and tractor-trailers is essential for effective braking.
Once a year, the entire brake system must be inspected. Check the
following:
•Any rubber components for deterioration. These components should
be inspected by a qualified technician and replaced as necessary.
Replacement intervals vary according to the severity and length of
vehicle service.
•Condition of brake drums, brake chambers and slack adjusters.
•System for air leaks.
•Hose or pipes for rust, damage and deterioration.
•Operation of service and parking brakes.
Some parts such as air brake chamber diaphragm, air compressor and air
cleaner should be inspected periodically and replaced if considered
unserviceable.
Maintenance and Specifications
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Air dryer:Climactic conditions affect performance of desiccant or
after-cooler type air dryers. Maintenance schedules must be established
for each specific operation.
The use of an air dryer on a vehicle does not eliminate the need to
periodically drain the air reservoirs.
Desiccant air dryer:Inspect for moisture in the air system by opening
reservoirs, draincocks or valves and checking for presence of water. The
presence of small amounts of water due to condensation is normal and
should not be considered as an indication that the dryer is not
functioning properly.
The desiccant cartridge should be replaced or rebuilt when it has been
determined that the desiccant is contaminated and does not have
adequate water absorption capacity. The desiccant change interval may
vary; it is generally recommended that the desiccant be replaced every
12 months (yearly). If experience has shown that extended or shortened
life has resulted for a particular installation, then the yearly interval can
be increased or decreased accordingly.
Hydraulic brakes
Inspection and adjustment:Establish a regular schedule for periodic
cleaning, lubrication and adjustment inspection based on vehicle use.
Exact maintenance intervals are difficult to predetermine since vehicles
are used in a wide variety of applications and conditions; if you are
uncertain of the proper schedule for your vehicle, contact your dealer.
Inspect the brake lining every maintenance interval. Establish inspection
intervals that provide for lining replacement before damage to the disc
occurs. Excessive lining wear may expose the backing plate to the disc
causing scoring of the disc faces. This inspection should be performed by
a qualified technician and must be in accordance with instructions
provided by the service manual. Hydraulic brake systems are
power-assisted. Braking capabilities are greatly reduced without engine
assist.
Fluid level:Fluid level should be at the bottom edge of the ring on each
reservoir fill port. Do not fill the master cylinder to the top of the
reservoir. If fluid level requires attention to maintain a proper master
cylinder level, this is an indication of either severe operation (pad wear)
or fluid leakage. A more frequent and thorough brake inspection is
required.
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The fluid level can also be checked by looking at the see-through plastic
reservoir. Make sure that the fluid is within the minimum and maximum
fluid range as marked on the reservoir.
To avoid damage to the power steering system,do notoperate the
vehicle with a low power steering fluid level.
Note:Refer toLubricant specificationsin this chapter for the proper
fluid type if adding fluid is necessary. A low fluid level may indicate a
leak in the power steering system. Inspect the power steering system
and repair the leak or see your dealer or a qualified technician for
service. Refer to theScheduled Maintenance Guidechapter for the
recommended service intervals.
BRAKE FLUID
Check and refill the Full Power brake fluid reservoir using the following
procedure. Refer to theScheduled Maintenance Guidechapter for the
service interval.
1. Clean the reservoir caps before removal to prevent dirt or water from
entering the reservoir.
2. Visually inspect the fluid level; it should be at the bottom of the fill
ports.
3. Add brake fluid, if necessary, from a clean, unopened container until
the level reaches the bottom of the fill ports. Do not fill above this line.
Only use a DOT 3 brake fluid certified to meet manufacturer
specifications. Refer toLubricant specificationsin this chapter.
WARNING:Brake fluid is toxic. If brake fluid contacts the eyes,
flush eyes with running water for 15 minutes. Seek medical
attention if irritation persists. If taken internally, drink water and
induce vomiting. Seek medical attention immediately.
WARNING:If you use a brake fluid that is not DOT 3, you will
cause permanent damage to your brakes.
WARNING:Do not let the reservoir for the master cylinder run
dry. This may cause the brakes to fail.
Maintenance and Specifications
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Checking the rear axle lubricant level
1. Park the vehicle on level ground.
2. Set the parking brake and shift into N (Neutral) (automatic
transmission) or 1 (First) (manual transmission) and turn the engine off.
3. Clean any dirt from around the rear axle filler plug.
4. Remove the filler plug and inspect the lubricant level; it should be up
to the bottom of the filler plug opening.
5. Add lubricant, if necessary, through the filler plug opening.
6. Clean and install the filler plug securely.
Draining and refilling the rear axle lubricant
1. Drain the rear axle while the lubricant is warm.
2. Park the vehicle on level ground.
3. Set the parking brake and shift into N (Neutral) (automatic
transmission) or 1 (First) (manual transmission) and turn the engine off.
4. Clean any dirt from around the rear axle filler and drain plugs.
5. Remove the filler and drain plugs and drain the lubricant into a
suitable container. Dispose of all used automotive fluids in a responsible
manner following your local authorized standards.
6. Clean and install the drain plug securely.
7. Add lubricant through the filler plug opening.
8. Clean and install the filler plug securely.
WHEELS
General
Wheel bearings should be inspected, lubricated and adjusted at regular
intervals. This is especially important if operating in deep sand, mud or
water. Refer toLubricant specificationsin this chapter.
Mount wheel balance weights on the dome-side of the wheel only; failure
to do so may result in loss of wheel weight and/or damage to brakes or
wheels.
Important:Remember to replace the wheel air valves when the road
tires are replaced at the end of their useful life.
Maintenance and Specifications
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Daily owner checks
U.S. Department
of Transportation,
Federal Highway
Administration
requirements
(ensure that the
entire system is
functioning
properly)Service brakes
Parking brake
Steering mechanism
Lighting devices and reflectors
Tires
Horn
Windshield wipers
Rear vision mirrors
Wheels and rims
Emergency equipment
Every oil change
EngineInspect engine cooling system hoses, clamps and
protection.*
Inspect drive belts.
Exhaust systemInspect entire exhaust system (including the inlet
pipe(s), muffler(s), outlet pipe(s), clamps and
fasteners) for holes, leakage, breakage, corrosive
damage and separation from other components.
Adjust, service or replace with the same or the
equivalent part. (Also a noise emission control
service.)
SuspensionTighten the front and rear spring U-bolts to the
specified torque.
Driveline and rear
axleLubricate the U-joints and the slip yoke.
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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Every oil change
BrakesLubricate the air brake foot control valve, hinge
and roller.
Inspect the drum brake linings through the
inspection holes.
Lubricate the rear caliper slide rails.
Lubricate the brake camshafts (air brakes only).
Lubricate the brake slack adjuster (air brakes
only).
Inspect the disc brake pads and the piston boots
(hydraulic brakes only).
ClutchLubricate the clutch release cross shaft and all
linkages.
Check the clutch fluid level.
Fuel systemDrain the accumulated water or sediment from
the fuel tank(s).
Steering systemLubricate the steering shaft(s), U-joints and
splines if equipped with grease fittings.
Lubricate the front axle spindle pins.
Lubricate the steering linkage when equipped
with grease fittings.
Lubricate the power steering gear output shaft.
* Coolant protection checks should be made just prior to the onset of
freezing weather, where applicable. If coolant is dirty or rusty in
appearance, the system should be drained, flushed and refilled with the
prescribed solution of cooling system fluid and distilled water. Use only
permanent type coolant that meets specifications as listed in your
engine operator’s manual. See the engine manufacturer’s operating
guide for supplemental corrosion inhibitor specifications.
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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Periodic component/system checks
The following are vehicle checks that should be made periodically either
by the owner or a qualified technician. It is recommended that
deficiencies be brought to the attention of your dealer or another
qualified service outlet as soon as possible in order that advice regarding
the need for service or replacement can be obtained.
Frequency Recommended action
At every engine start up Check ABS lamp operation
After first 500 and 1000 miles (800
and 1600 km), then every 500 and
1000 mile (800 and 1600 km)
interval after tire
removal/replacementTighten the wheel mounting nuts
to the specified torque. Refer to
Wheelsin theMaintenance and
Specificationschapter
At least twice annually Clean body/door drain holes
As required Clean windshield wiper blades
Observation Maintenance operation
Insufficient power shown in loaded
practice stopInspect the automatic slack
adjuster function
Subpar vehicle handling qualities Check the operation of the brakes,
clutch and steering
(1),(2)
Excessive noise from under the
cab or engine compartmentInspect the vehicle for missing,
damaged or mislocated noise
shields
Excessive engine noise Check the engine performance and
the engine governor
Engine overheats; excessive fan
noise; fan constantly runs at high
speed or wobbles due to worn
bearingsInspect the fan, fan shroud and fan
clutch
Excessive exhaust noise; smell of
exhaust fumes is experiencedInspect the entire exhaust system
for holes, leaks, breakage,
looseness and corrosive damage
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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Air brake adjustment
WARNING:Failure to maintain proper air brake adjustment can
result in reduction or loss of braking ability.
Air brake inspection and adjustment or repairs should be performed by a
qualified service technician in accordance with the instructions in the
service manual.
Cam brakes - automatic slack adjusters
Inspect standard air brakes equipped with automatic slack adjusters for
proper brake adjustment as listed in the maintenance schedule charts.
However, more frequent inspection is required if your vehicle’s brakes
are subjected to heavy use or adverse operating conditions such as:
•Frequent brake applications while fully loaded.
•Operation on hilly or mountainous terrain.
•Frequent operation on dirt, gravel or mud.
Some aftermarket brake linings also require more frequent inspections.
WARNING:Do not manually adjust the automatic slack
adjusters to correct excessive push rod stroke as it may result in
reduced brake effectiveness and a vehicle crash. Excessive push rod
stroke indicates that a problem exists with the automatic adjuster, with
the installation of the adjuster, or with foundation brake components
that manual adjustment does not remedy. Seek service from a qualified
facility for excessive push rod stroke.
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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A
Air conditioning ..........................47
manual heating and air
conditioning system .................47
Air suspension ...........................129
Antifreeze
(see Engine coolant) ................198
Anti-lock brake system
(see Brakes) ..............................127
Audio system (see Radio) ...34, 36
Automatic transmission ............132
fluid, adding ............................226
fluid, checking ........................226
fluid, refill capacities ..............261
fluid, specification ..................245
Auxiliary Input Jack ...................43
Auxiliary powerpoint ..................57
Axle ............................142, 183, 231
lubricant specifications ..........245
refill capacities ........................259
B
Battery .......................................195
charging system warning
light ............................................20
jumping a disabled battery ....162
voltage gauge ............................28
Belt-Minder...............................85
Booster seats ...............................99
Brakes ........................110, 115, 184
adjustment ..............................186
anti-lock ...................................127
anti-lock brake system (ABS)
warning light .....................20, 127
brake warning light ..................20
fluid, checking and adding ....224fluid, specifications .................245
parking ....................111, 118, 187
shift interlock ..........................131
Bulbs ............................................52
C
Cassette tape player ...................34
Catalytic converter
(see Emission control) .............187
Cell phone use ..............................6
Child safety seats ........................92
attaching with tether straps ....96
in front seat ..............................93
in rear seat ..........................93, 95
tether anchorage hardware .....96
Child safety seats -
booster seats ...............................99
Cleaning your vehicle
engine compartment ..............176
exterior ....................................179
instrument panel ....................178
interior .....................................179
plastic parts ............................177
safety belts ..............................179
washing ....................................175
waxing .....................................175
wheels ......................................176
wiper blades ............................177
Climate control (see Air
conditioning or Heating) ............47
Clock adjust
AM/FM/CD .................................43
Clutch ................................136, 225
adjusting ..................................225
fluid ..........................................225
operation while driving ..........137
specifications ..........................245
Index
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