automatic transmission fluid FORD FESTIVA 1991 Service Manual

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BRAKE SYST EM
1991-92 BRAKES Disc & Drum
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
On Capri, vehicle braking is provided by front and rear disc brakes. Front and rear brakes are a full-floating, single piston design. The rear
caliper houses a self-adjusting parking brake.
On Festiva, vehicle braking is provided by front disc brakes and rear drum brakes. Rear brakes are a standard non-servo, self-en e r giz in g d e sign .
Front brakes are a full-floating, single piston design with caliper attached to steering knuckle.
BLEEDING BRAKE SYSTEM
BLEEDING PROCEDURES
Manual Bleeding
1. Exhaust vacuum from power brake unit by depressing brake pedal several times. Fill master cylinder with clean brake fluid. Install clear
vinyl bleeder hose onto first bleeder valve to be serviced. See BRAKE LINE BLEEDING SEQUENCE table. Place other end of hose in
clean transparent container.
2. Partially fill container with clean brake fluid. Open the bleeder valve 3/4 turn. Slowly depress brake pedal through its full travel. Close
bleeder valve and release pedal. Pump pedal several times to push air toward wheel cylinders. Repeat procedure until flow of brake
fluid is clear and shows no signs of air bubbles. Proceed to next bleeder valve in sequence and repeat procedure.
BRAKE LINE BLEEDING SEQUENCE
Pressure Bleeding
1. Exhaust vacuum from power brake unit by depressing brake pedal several times. Fill master cylinder with clean brake fluid. With
pressure bleeder at least 1/2 full, connect pressure bleeder to master cylinder using appropriate adaptor.
2. Install clear vinyl bleeder hose onto first bleeder valve to be serviced. See BRAKE LINE BLEEDING SEQUENCE table. Place other
end of hose in clean transparent container. Partially fill container with clean brake fluid. Open bleeder valve 1-2 turns. Allow fluid to
run until flow of fluid is clear and shows no signs of air bubbles. Proceed to next bleeder valve in sequence and repeat procedure.
Remove pressure bleeder and fill master cylinder with clean brake fluid.
ADJUSTMENTS
BRAKE PEDAL HEIGHT (FESTIVA)
1. Block wheels to prevent vehicle from rolling. Start engine and place transmission in Neutral. Fully release parking brake. Move carpet
and insulation away from firewall and brake pedal. Measure distance horizontally between upper center of brake pedal pad and firewall.
Distance should be 8.03-8.23" (204-209 mm).
2. If pedal height is incorrect, inspect pedal assembly for missing, worn or damaged bushings or for loose attaching bolts. Ensure firewall is
not distorted and pedal is not bent. If pedal height is still not within specifications, check brake pedal, booster or master cylinder for
correct and/or correctly installed parts
BRAKE PEDAL FREE PLAY (FESTIVA)
Pump brake pedal several to bleed vacuum from power brake booster. Gently depress brake pedal by hand and measure and measure play
before resistance is felt. Free play should be .16-.28" (4-7 mm). If free play is not within specifications, adjust brake pedal push rod.
BRAKE PEDAL FLOOR CLEARANCE
Capri
1. Move carpet and insulation away from floor board and brake pedal. With engine running and using Brake Pedal Effort Gauge (021-
00001), apply 132 lbs. (59.9 kg) of force to brake pedal. Measure distance from upper surface of brake pedal pad to floor board. If
distance is less than 3.27" (83 mm), inspect pedal assembly for missing, worn or damaged bushings or for loose attaching bolts.
2. Verify that floor board is not distorted and pedal is not bent. If pedal height is still not within specifications, check brake pedal, booster
or master cylinder for correct and/or correctly installed parts. Check for air in hydraulic system.
Festiva
Move carpet and insulation away from floor board and brake pedal. Using Brake Pedal Effort Gauge (021-00001) or equivalent, apply 132
lbs. (59.9 kg) of force to brake pedal. Measure distance from upper surface of brake pedal pad to floor board. If distance is less than 2.68" (68
mm), check for air in hydraulic system, faulty automatic adjusters or excessive shoe clearance.
POWER BRAKE UNIT PUSH ROD
Capri
ApplicationSequence
CapriRR, LF, LR & RF
FestivaRR, LR, RF & LF
NOTE:Check fluid level in m aster cylinder frequently during the bleeding sequence.
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levels to proper level.
Removal (1.6L & 1.6L Turbo)
1. Relieve fuel pressure and discharge air conditioning system (if equipped). See FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE under REMOVAL &
INSTALLATION. Disconnect and remove battery, battery tray and battery tray support bracket.
2. Release wiring harness retaining straps from battery support tray. Disconnect windshield washer supply hose between fluid reservoir and
hood. Mark hinge locations and remove hood.
3. Disconnect intake air tube and wiring to ignition coil and vane airflow meter. Remove air cleaner/vane airflow meter assembly. Remove
air cleaner assembly support brackets. Disconnect intercooler hoses from turbocharger (if equipped).
4. Drain engine coolant and remove radiator. Disconnect accelerator cable, and remove retaining bracket from cam cover. Position cable to
one side.
5. Disconnect and plug fuel lines at fuel filter and pressure regulator. Disconnect power brake booster manifold vacuum hose from
manifold. Disconnect heater hoses at heater core tubes. Label and remove vacuum hoses located at throttle body.
6. For manual transaxle turbocharged vehicles, disconnect clutch cable and remove support bracket and cable from transmission. On non-
turbo vehicles, disconnect clutch slave hydraulic line. For automatic transaxle, remove transaxle cooler lines.
7. Disconnect starter wiring at starter. Remove harness from locating strap on bracket. Disconnect alternator wiring. Disconnect wiring
from engine coolant sensors located on rear of engine block. Remove ground connection at bracket on thermostat cover. Disconnect O2
sensor wire, main wiring harness connector, TPS connector (turbocharged only), knock sensor connector, distributor wiring and
transaxle wiring. Disconnect ground wire and strap at front of engine, and reinstall lifting eye.
8. Remove engine oil dipstick and retaining clip. Remove power steering pump from mounting bracket. Remove power steering pump
mounting bracket. With hoses attached, position pump aside. Remove upper air conditioning compressor retaining bolts (if equipped).
9. Raise vehicle on hoist. Drain engine oil and cooling system. On vehicles with air conditioning, remove lower air conditioning
compressor mounting bolts, and position compressor out of way.
10. Remove front wheels and tires. Remove front ball joints-to-ste e r in g kn u c kl e s r e t a in in g b o l t s. R e mo ve sp l a sh gu a r d s. Dr a in t ransmission
oil and remove half shafts from differential. Remove front exhaust pipe bracket located on lower side of engine. Disconnect front
exhaust pipe from exhaust manifold, or turbocharger (if equipped).
11. Remove frame support bar-to-engine support bolt. Loosen right control arm bolt and, pivot support bar downward. Disengage rubber
exhaust hangers located directly behind catalytic converter. Allow exhaust system to hang down 6 inches, and support system with
mechanic's wire. Unbolt shift linkage and stabilizer bar at transaxle. Remove nuts from front and rear engine mounts, and lower vehicle.
12. Attach chains onto lift eyes at ends of cylinder head, and support engine with hoist. Remove RH engine mount through bolt. Raise
engine off mounts and slightly pivot engine/transaxle assembly. Disconnect oil pressure sensor and route starter/alternator wiring
harness from engine. Carefully lift engine/transaxle assembly, turn assembly while raising to clear brake master cylinder, shift linkage
universal joint, radiator support and air conditioning lines (if equipped).
13. Remove intake manifold support bracket. Remove gusset plate(s) (if equipped). Remove starter. Remove transaxle-to-engine retaining
bolts. Identify bolts to ensure correct installation. Separate transaxle from engine. On manual transaxle, remove pressure plate, clutch
disc and flywheel. On automatic transaxle, remove flexplate.
Installation (1.6L & 1.6L Turbo)
1. Install transaxle to engine in reverse order of removal. Attach hoist to engine/transaxle assembly and position assembly in vehicle.
Before engine contacts mounts, route starter, alternator and oil pressure sensor wiring, and connect oil pressure sensor. Lower engine
until front mount seats on crossmember. Install through bolt on RH engine mount. DO NOT tighten bolt.
2. Remove hoist. Raise vehicle and support with jackstands. Align rear engine mount to crossmember, and install retaining nuts to front
and rear engine mounts. Tighten nuts to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of article.
3. On manual transaxles, connect shift coupling and stabilizer. Tighten to specification. On automatic transaxles, connect shift linkage and
oil cooler lines. Tighten linkage retaining bolt, shift cable pivot and oil cooler hose clamps to specification. Connect front exhaust pipe
to manifold (or turbocharger). Install exhaust pipe to support bracket. Tighten bolts to specification. Tighten manifold (or turbocharger)
to specification. Attach rubber exhaust hangers. Position cross brace. Tighten retaining nut and bolt and right control arm front bolt.
4. Install drive axles. Install ball joint retaining bolts and tighten to specification. Mount A/C Compressor to engine (if equipped). Tighten
lower retaining bolts to specification. Install splash guards. Install tire and wheel assemblies. Tighten retaining nuts to specification.
5. Lower vehicle. Install upper A/C compressor retaining bolts (if equipped). Tighten bolts to specification. Tighten RH engine mo u n t
through bolt to specification. Connect alternator wiring.
6. Position power steering pump bracket on stud. Lower pump into engine compartment. Install power steering pump bracket retaining
bolts and nut. Tighten to specification. Install power steering pump and belt. Tighten adjustment nut and pivot bolt to specification.
7. Install engine oil dipstick and retaining clip. Install ground strap and ground wire to cylinder head. Install clutch cable (if equipped).
Connect clutch hydraulic line if equipped with manual transaxle or naturally aspirated. Connect transmission electrical connectors.
Connect fuel lines to fuel filter and pressure regulator. Install intake air tube to throttle body.
8. Install intercooler hoses on turbocharged models. Install air cleaner assembly brackets. Install air cleaner assembly with airflow meter
attached. Install intake air tube. Install coil and airflow meter connectors. Connect coolant crankcase and air bypass hoses. Install
vacuum hoses as noted in disassembly.
9. Connect accelerator cable. Install retaining bracket. Install power brake booster hose. Remove speedometer cable from transaxle. Fill
transaxle to specification. See CAPACITIES in SERVICE & ADJUSTMENT SPECIFICATIONS article. Install speedometer cable.
Connect speedometer cable connector. Fill engine oil to capacity.
10. Install radiator/fan assembly. Tighten bracket retaining bolts to specification. Connect coolant hoses and fan electrical connector. Fill
coolant to specification.
11. Install hood and connect washer hose. Install battery tray support, battery tray, battery and battery hold-down. Connect battery
terminal. Evacuate and charge air conditioning system (if equipped). Road test vehicle and inspect for leaks.
INTAKE MANIFOLD
Removal (1.3L)
CAUT ION: DO NOT allow com pressor to hang by hoses. T ie up com pressor with m echanic's wire.
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ASCS
Air Suction Control Solenoid
ASD
Auto Shutdown
ASDM
Air Bag System Diagnostic Module
ASV
Air Suction Valve
A/T
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
ATC
Automatic Temperature Control
ATDC
After Top Dead Center
ATF
Automatic Transmission Fluid
ATS
Air Temperature Sensor
Aux.
Auxiliary
Avg.
Average
AXOD
Automatic Transaxle Overdrive (Ford Models Only)
"B"
BAC
By-Pass Air Control
BAP
Barometric Absolute Pressure Sensor
BARO
Barometric
Batt.
Battery
Bbl.
Barrel (Example: 4-Bbl.)
BCM
Body Control Module
BHP
Brake Horsepower
BMAP
Page 2 of 15 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION Commonly Used Abbreviations
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Back To Article
1988-94 AUT OMAT IC T RANSMISSIONS
Ford ATX Overhaul
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
DESCRIPTION
The transaxle consists of 3 main units: automatic transaxle, torque converter and differential assembly. The automatic transaxle consists of
front and rear clutches, one-way clutch, low-reverse brake assembly, oil pump and hydraulic controls (valve body and servo piston
assemblies). The valve body is controlled by the governor valve, vacuum throttle valve diaphragm (modulator) and kickdown solenoid. The
torque converter on the Aspire model is a mechanically operated (centrifugal type) torque converter clutch. See Fig. 1
.

Fig. 1: Transaxle Component Identification

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
LUBRICATION & ADJUSTMENTS
See the appropriate TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T article in this section. Refer to the following menu:
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE
BAND APPLY SERVO R & I
Removal
1. Raise and support vehicle. Remove left front wheel. Drain transaxle fluid. Remove valve body. See VALVE BODY . Remove front
stabilizer frame brackets. Carefully raise staked portion of left axle nut. Apply brakes and loosen, but DO NOT remove, axle nut.
Remove left lower control arm ball joint clamp bolt. Pry downward on lower control arm to separate control arm from knuckle.
2. Insert pry bar between transaxle case and left axle flange. Carefully apply force to pry bar until axle circlip is disengaged. Slide knuckle
assembly off axle shaft, and remove axle from vehicle. Quickly install appropriate plug in transaxle.
3. Loosen band adjusting stop and band adjusting stop nut. Remove band strut. Using "C" clamp and socket, compress servo piston into
transaxle case. See Fig. 2
. Remove snap ring. Remove servo retainer, servo piston and spring.
Installation
1. Lubricate servo piston with ATF. Assembly servo retainer, piston, piston large seal and spring. Insert assembly into transaxle. Usin g "C"
clamp and socket, compress assembly and install snap ring. See Fig. 2
. Install band strut to intermediate band. Install band adjusting
stop to band and tighten to 9-10 ft. lbs. (12-15 N.m). Loosen adjusting stop 3 turns. Install and tighten band adjusting stop nut. See
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
.
2. Install remaining components in reverse order of disassembly. Fill transaxle with fluid.
ApplicationTransmission
1988-89 Mercury TracerATX
1988-93 Ford FestivaATX
1994 Ford AspireATX
NOTE:T he AT X transaxle is used in som e Mazda m odels and is referred to as the F3A for those m odels. T he
AT X transaxle is also used in som e General Motors and Isuzu m odels and m ay be referred to as the
KF100, KF400 or RMC. Som e of the figures used in this article are courtesy of General Motors Corp. and
are valid figures for this Ford Motor Co. transaxle.
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Fig. 2: Compressing Band Apply Servo

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
DIFFERENTIAL OIL SEALS R & I
Removal
1. Raise and support vehicle. Drain transaxle fluid. Carefully raise staked portion of axle nut. Apply brakes and loosen, but DO NOT
remove, axle nut. Remove lower control arm ball joint clamp bolt. Pry downward on lower control arm to separate control arm from
knuckle.
2. Insert pry bar between transaxle case and axle flange. Carefully apply force to pry bar until axle circlip is disengaged. Slide knuckle
assembly off axle shaft, and remove axle from vehicle. Quickly install appropriate plug in transaxle. Using appropriate puller, remove
seal.
Installation
1. Apply lubrication to new seal. Using appropriate driver, install seal. Install new circlip on transaxle end of axle. Remove transaxle plug,
and carefully install axle into transaxle. Ensure circlip snaps into retaining groove.
2. Install axle into hub. Install NEW axle nut. Tighten bolts to specifications. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
. Stake NEW axle nut
with blunt nose chisel. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure. Fill transaxle fluid to correct level.
OIL COOLER FLUSHING
Contaminates MUST be removed from oil cooler before transmission is put back into service. Replace cooler supply tubes if leaking.
Thoroughly flush oil cooler and lines if a major service or transaxle removal has occurred. It is recommended that a mechanically agitated
cleaner, such as Rotunda (014-00028), be used.
VACUUM THROTTLE VALVE DIAPHRAGM (MODULATOR) R & I
Removal
1. Drain transaxle fluid. Disconnect vacuum hose from modulator. Unscrew modulator from transaxle. Remove control rod. With beveled
side out, insert Vacuum Diaphragm Rod Gauge (T87C-77000-A) into mounting hole until gauge bottoms out.
2. Place gauge rod through opening of gauge until rod bottoms out against vacuum throttle valve. Tighten lock knob on gauge and remove
tool. Using depth gauge, measure distance from flat surface of gauge to end of rod. See Fig. 3
. Select proper length throttle valve rod.
See THROTTLE VALVE ROD DIMENSION CHART
.
THROTTLE VALVE ROD DIMENSION CHART
Installation
Install selected throttle valve rod. Coat threads of modulator with appropriate sealant. To install, reverse removal procedures.
NOTE:If replacing m odulator, it is necessary to replace throttle control valve rod.
Measurement In. (mm)Applicable Rod Length In. (mm)
1.0 (25.4)1.16 (29.5)
1.0-1.02 (25.4-25.9)1.18 (30.0)
1.02-1.04 (25.9-26.4)1.20 (30.5)
1.04-1.06 (25.9-26.4)1.22 (31.0)
1.06-1.08 (26.9-27.4)1.24 (31.5)
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Fig. 3: Identifying Vacuum Diaphragm Rod Gauge

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
VALVE BODY R & I
Removal & Installation
Disconnect battery ground cable. Raise and support vehicle. Remove front fender splash shield and front splash shield. Drain transaxle fluid.
Unbolt and remove oil pan. Remove 9 valve body bolts. Remove valve body. Ensure care is used not to loose check ball and detent spring. To
install, reverse removal procedure. Fill transaxle with fluid. Check for leaks.
TROUBLESHOOTING
PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
1. Ensure vehicle is thoroughly road tested to verify driver's complaint. Determine if problem occurs during upshift, downshift, coasting or
engagement. If noise is diagnosed, check if noise is affected by RPM, vehicle speed, gear selection or temperature. Ensure vehicle is at
normal operating temperature when checking.
2. Inspect fluid level and condition. Visually inspect for vehicle modifications, electronic add-ons, fluid leaks and/or incorrect linkage
adjustment. See applicable symptom diagnosis.
SYMPTOM DIAGNOSIS
Engine Starts in "D", "2", "1" OR "R", or will not Start in "N" OR "P"
Check ignition and starter circuit. Shift linkage faulty or installed improperly. Park/Neutral switch and/or wiring faulty.
No Movement In Any Gear
Incorrect fluid level. Shift linkage faulty or out of adjustment. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty. Faulty oil pump. Leak in
hydraulic system. Parking linkage improperly adjusted.
No Movement In "D", Okay In Other Gears
Shift linkage faulty, out of adjustment or improperly installed. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty. Faulty one-way clutch.
No Movement In "D", "2" Or "1", Okay In "R"
Incorrect fluid level. Shift linkage faulty, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty. Engine
performance poor or brakes improperly adjusted. Rear clutch faulty. Leak in hydraulic system.
No Movement In "R", Okay In Other Gears
Incorrect fluid level. Shift linkage faulty, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty. Faulty
rear clutch, front clutch or low-reverse brake. Leak in hydraulic system.
Slippage
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ATF level incorrect or contaminated. Manual valve out of adjustment. Vacuum modulator faulty or leak in vacuum circuit. Fluid pressures
incorrect. Oil pump faulty. Leak in hydraulic circuit.
Vehicle Creeps In "N" Position
Shift linkage faulty, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Manual control valve faulty. Contaminated fluid. Faulty rear clutch.
Vehicle Creeps Excessively
Engine idle speed too high.
Vehicle Will Not Creep
Fluid level incorrect or fluid contaminated. Shift linkage faulty, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Engine idle too low. Manual
control valve faulty. Faulty oil pump. Leak in hydraulic system. Faulty front or rear clutch.
Low Maximum Speed & Poor Acceleration
Incorrect ATF level or contaminated fluid. Selector linkage out of adjustment. Engine stall speed incorrect. Poor engine performance. Brake
band faulty or out of adjustment. Faulty low-reverse brake, front clutch, rear clutch or hydraulic circuit.
Harsh "N" To "D" Engagement
Engine idle too high. Leak in vacuum circuit. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty. Faulty rear clutch. Low fluid level.
Harsh 1-2 Shift
Leak in vacuum circuit. Engine stall speed incorrect. Contaminated fluid. Manual control valve faulty. Band servo faulty. Brake band damaged
or out of adjustment.
Harsh 2-3 Shift
Leak in vacuum circuit. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty. Band servo or front clutch faulty. Brake band faulty.
Shift Shock Felt On Kickdown Downshift
Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Leak in vacuum circuit. Kickdown solenoid, switch or wiring fau l t y.
Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve or governor valve faulty. Leak in hydraulic system.
2-1 Shift Shock With Lever In "1" Position
Leak in vacuum circuit. Engine stall speed incorrect. Manual control valve faulty. Contaminated fluid. Low-reverse brake faulty. Line pressure
high.
Shift Shock On Deceleration
Range selector out of adjustment. Vacuum diaphragm or piping faulty. Kickdown solenoid out of adjustment or faulty. Excessive line pressure.
M a n u a l va l ve fa u l t y. Go ve r n o r va l ve fa u l t y.
Vehicle Brakes In "R" Position
Band servo faulty. Contaminated fluid. Faulty rear clutch. Brake band damaged or out of adjustment. Parking linkage damaged or improperly
adjusted.
Vehicle Brakes On 1-2 Shift
Manual control valve faulty. Contaminated fluid. Front clutch or low-reverse brake faulty. One-way clutch faulty.
Vehicle Brakes On 2-3 Shift
Manual control valve faulty. Band servo faulty. Contaminated fluid. Brake band out of adjustment or damaged.
No Engine Braking In "1" Position
Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or installed incorrectly. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty. Contaminated fluid.
Low-reverse brake faulty. Leak in hydraulic system.
No Shift Shock; Slippage On 1-2 Shift
Incorrect fluid level. Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Leak in vacuum circuit. Oil pressure incorrect. Manual
control valve faulty. Band servo faulty. Contaminated fluid. Brake band faulty. Leakage in hydraulic system.
No Shift Shock; Slippage When Manually Shifted From "1" To "2" Position
Incorrect fluid level. Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or installed incorrectly. Leak in vacuum circuit. Engine idle speed incorrect.
Engine stall speed incorrect. Manual control valve faulty. Contaminated fluid. Brake band out of adjustment or damaged. Oil pump faulty.
No Shift Shock; Slippage On 2-3 Shift
ATF contaminated or level incorrect. Shift linkage faulty. Vacuum modulator faulty or leak in vacuum circuit. Line pressure not correct. Band
servo faulty. Front clutch faulty. Leak in hydraulic system.
Slippage On 3-2 Kickdown
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Leak in vacuum circuit. Oil pressure incorrect. Manual valve faulty. Band servo faulty. Contaminated fluid. Front clutch faulty. Brake band
out of adjustment or damaged. Leak in hydraulic system.
Transaxle Slips In 1st Gear
Incorrect fluid level. Shift linkage faulty, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty.
Contaminated fluid. Incorrect idle speed. Faulty kickdown solenoid, switch or wiring.
No 1-2 Shift
Shift linkage defective, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Leak in vacuum circuit. Faulty kickdown solenoid, switch or wiring.
Contaminated fluid. Manual control valve faulty. Governor valve faulty. Band servo faulty. Brake band out of adjustment. Leak in hydraulic
system. Rear clutch faulty.
No 2-3 Shift
Shift linkage defective, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Leak in vacuum circuit. Faulty kickdown solenoid, switch or wiring.
Contaminated fluid. Manual control valve, governor valve or band servo faulty. Leak in hydraulic system. Front clutch faulty.
No Lock-Up
Faulty torque converter, wiring or solenoid.
1-3 Shift; Skips 2nd
Contaminated fluid. Brake band out of adjustment or damaged. Leak in hydraulic system.
No 3-2 Downshift
Leak in vacuum circuit. Manual control valve, governor valve or band servo faulty. Contaminated fluid. Faulty front clutch. Brake band out of
adjustment of damaged. Leak in hydraulic system.
No 2-1 or 3-1 Downshift
Leak in vacuum circuit. Manual control valve, governor valve or band servo faulty. Contaminated fluid. Brake band out of adjustmen t o r
damaged. One-way clutch faulty.
Slippage When Accelerating In 3rd Gear Above Kickdown Speed
Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or installed incorrectly. Leak in vacuum circuit. Oil pressure incorrect. Manual control valve or
governor valve faulty. Contaminated fluid. Front clutch faulty. Leak in hydraulic system.
No Kickdown At Normal Speeds In 3rd Gear
Leak in vacuum circuit. Kickdown solenoid, switch or wiring faulty. Manual control valve or governor valve faulty. Contaminated fluid. Brake
band out of adjustment or damaged. Leak in hydraulic system.
1-2 & 2-3 Shift Points Too High
ATF contaminated or level incorrect. Vacuum modulator faulty or leak in vacuum circuit. Line pressures incorrect. Manual valve out of
adjustment. Governor valve faulty. Hydraulic circuit leaking.
3-2 & 2-1 Shift Points Too High
Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Kickdown solenoid, switch or wiring faulty. Leak in vacuum circuit.
Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve or governor valve faulty. Leak in hydraulic system.
1-2 Or 2-3 Shifts With Shift Lever In "1" Position
Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or installed incorrectly. Manual control valve faulty. Leak in hydraulic system.
2-1 or 2-3 Shifts With Shift Lever In "2" Position
Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or installed incorrectly. Incorrect oil pressure. Manual control valve faulty.
Vehicle Moves In "P" Or Parking Gear Remains Engaged When
Shifted Out Of "P" Position
Shift linkage damaged, out of adjustment or incorrectly installed. Parking linkage out of adjustment or damaged.
Transaxle Noisy In "P" Or "N" Position
Incorrect fluid level. Incorrect oil pressure. Faulty rear clutch, oil pump, one-way clutch or planetary gear.
Transaxle Noisy In "D", "1", "2" or "R"
Oil pressure incorrect. Rear clutch, oil pump, one-way clutch or planetary gears faulty.
Transmission Overheats
ATF level incorrect. Engine stall speed and/or line pressure incorrect. Faulty band servo, front clutch, rear clutch, brake band, low-reverse
brake, oil pump, torque converter or planetary gear. Leak in hydraulic circuit.
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See STALL SPEED SPECIFICATIONS .
Testing Procedures
1. With engine at normal operating temperature, tachometer installed and parking and service brakes applied, perform transaxle stall test in
"D", "2", "1" and "R" ranges at full throttle and note maximum RPM obtained. Correct stall speed should occur at specified RPM. See
the STALL SPEED SPECIFICATIONS
.
STALL SPEED SPECIFICATIONS
2. If stall speed is too high in all shift ranges, the following components may be faulty:
Worn Oil Pump.
Oil leakage from oil pump, valve body or transaxle case.
Sticking pressure regulator valve.
3. If stall speed is too high in "D", "2" and "1", the following component may be faulty:
Slipping rear clutch.
4. If stall speed is too high in "D", the following component may be faulty:
Slipping one-way clutch.
5. If stall speed is too high in "2", the following components may be faulty:
Slipping intermediate band.
6. If stall speed is too high in "R", the following components may be faulty:
Slipping Low/Reverse Clutch.
Slipping Front Clutch.
7. If stall speed is too low in all shift ranges, the following components may be faulty:
Slipping torque converter one-way clutch.
ROAD TEST
1. Before road test, ensure that fluid level, fluid condition and control linkage adjustments are okay. During test, transaxle should upshift
or downshift at about same speed as specified. See appropriate SHIFT SPEED SPECIFICATIONS
.
2. All shifts may vary slightly due to production tolerances or tire size. The quality of the shifts are more important. All shifts should be
smooth, responsive and with no slippage or engine flare. Slippage or engine flare in any gear usually indicates clutch or band problems.
3. The slipping clutch or band in a particular gear can usually be identified by noting transaxle operation in other selector positions and
comparing internal units which are applied in these positions. See CLUTCH & BAND APPLICATION
.
SHIFT SPEED SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE SHIFT SPEED SPECIFICATIONS (ASPIRE & FESTIVA)
VEHICLE SHIFT SPEED SPECIFICATIONS (TRACER)
ApplicationEngine RPM
Aspire2300-2500
Festiva & Tracer2300-2500
Operating Condition (1) Shift Speed MPH (km/h)
Half Throttle (50%)
1-29-17 (15-28)
2-316-34 (26-55)
Full Throttle (WOT) (2)
1-228-33 (44-53)
2-355-63 (88-101)
3-253-48 (86-78)
2-124-22 (39-35)
Coasting (2-1)9-6 (14-9)
(1)Transmission is in "D" range.
(2)To determine deceleration shift speeds, release throttle once transaxle has shifted into 3rd gear. Manually downshift shift lever
into next lower gear and record speed at which downshift occurs. Continue downshifting and recording vehicle speed until
transaxle has downshifted into low gear.
Operating Condition (1) Shift Speed MPH
Half Throttle (50%)
1-2 - Carbureted10-19
1-2 - EFI12-21
2-3 - Carbureted17-37
2-3 - EFI37-48
Full Throttle (WOT)
1-230-36
2-360-68
3-253-58
2-124-26
Fully Closed Throttle
Fro m "D" Ran ge (3 -1 )6-9
Page 8 of 26 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - 1988-94 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Ford ATX Overhaul
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CLUTCH & BAND APPLICATION
CLUTCH & BAND APPLICATION CHART
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TESTS
LINE PRESSURE TEST
1. Attach oil pressure gauge at line pressure checking port. See Fig. 6
. Attach tachometer to engine. Position gauge so it can be seen from
driver's seat.
2. With engine at normal operating temperature, transaxle fluid level correct and transaxle in "D", check line pressure at idle and at stall
sp eed . Rep eat t est in "2 ", "1 ", an d "R", al l o win g su fficien t t ime for engine and transaxle to cool between tests. Record results. See LINE
PRESSURE TEST SPECIFICATIONS .
3 . If Lin e Pressu re Is Lo w In "D", "2 ", "1 " & "R", ch eck fo r worn oil pump, oil leaking from oil pump, control valve body or transaxle case
and sticking pressure regulator valve.
4. If Line Pressure Is Low In "D" & "2", check for oil leakage from hydraulic circuit of rear clutch or governor.
5. If Line Pressure Is Low In "R", check for oil leakage from hydraulic circuit of low-reverse brake.
6. If Line Pressure Is High At Idle, check for vacuum tube broken or disconnected or faulty vacuum modulator.

Fig. 6: Identifying Hydraulic Pressure Test Ports

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
From "1" (Low) Range (2-1)22-26
(1)Transmission is in "D" range.
Selector Lever PositionElements In Use
"P" (Park)Low-Reverse Brake
"R" (Reverse)Front Clutch & Low-Reverse
Brake
"D" (Drive)
First GearRear Clutch & One-Way
Clutch
Second GearRear Clutch & Brake Band
Third GearFront Clutch & Rear Clutch
"2" (Intermediate)
First GearRear Clutch & One-Way
Clutch
Second GearRear Clutch & Brake Band
"1" (Low) First GearRear Clutch & Low-Reverse
Brake
"N" (Neutral)All Clutches & Bands Released
o r In effect ive
NOTE:DO NOT hold throttle open longer than 5 seconds. Shift to "N" and allow engine to idle for at least 2
m inutes between tests to cool transaxle. If engine speed exceeds specification, release accelerator
im m ediately as clutch or band slippage is indicated.
Page 9 of 26 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - 1988-94 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Ford ATX Overhaul
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