engine FORD MONDEO 1993 Service Repair Manual

REF•15Glossary of Technical Terms
GGapThe distance the spark must travel in
jumping from the centre electrode to the side
electrode in a spark plug. Also refers to the
spacing between the points in a contact
breaker assembly in a conventional points-
type ignition, or to the distance between the
reluctor or rotor and the pickup coil in an
electronic ignition.
GasketAny thin, soft material - usually cork,
cardboard, asbestos or soft metal - installed
between two metal surfaces to ensure a good
seal. For instance, the cylinder head gasket
seals the joint between the block and the
cylinder head.
GaugeAn instrument panel display used to
monitor engine conditions. A gauge with a
movable pointer on a dial or a fixed scale is an
analogue gauge. A gauge with a numerical
readout is called a digital gauge.
HHalfshaftA rotating shaft that transmits
power from the final drive unit to a drive
wheel, usually when referring to a live rear
axle.
Harmonic balancerA device designed to
reduce torsion or twisting vibration in the
crankshaft. May be incorporated in the
crankshaft pulley. Also known as a vibration
damper.
HoneAn abrasive tool for correcting small
irregularities or differences in diameter in an
engine cylinder, brake cylinder, etc.
Hydraulic tappetA tappet that utilises
hydraulic pressure from the engine’s
lubrication system to maintain zero clearance
(constant contact with both camshaft and
valve stem). Automatically adjusts to variation
in valve stem length. Hydraulic tappets also
reduce valve noise.
IIgnition timingThe moment at which the
spark plug fires, usually expressed in the
number of crankshaft degrees before the
piston reaches the top of its stroke.
Inlet manifoldA tube or housing with
passages through which flows the air-fuel
mixture (carburettor vehicles and vehicles with
throttle body injection) or air only (port fuel-
injected vehicles) to the port openings in the
cylinder head.
JJump startStarting the engine of a vehicle
with a discharged or weak battery by
attaching jump leads from the weak battery to
a charged or helper battery.
LLoad Sensing Proportioning Valve (LSPV)A
brake hydraulic system control valve that
works like a proportioning valve, but also
takes into consideration the amount of weight
carried by the rear axle.
LocknutA nut used to lock an adjustment
nut, or other threaded component, in place.
For example, a locknut is employed to keep
the adjusting nut on the rocker arm in
position.
LockwasherA form of washer designed to
prevent an attaching nut from working loose.
MMacPherson strutA type of front
suspension system devised by Earle
MacPherson at Ford of England. In its original
form, a simple lateral link with the anti-roll bar
creates the lower control arm. A long strut - an
integral coil spring and shock absorber - is
mounted between the body and the steering
knuckle. Many modern so-called MacPherson
strut systems use a conventional lower A-arm
and don’t rely on the anti-roll bar for location.
MultimeterAn electrical test instrument with
the capability to measure voltage, current and
resistance.
NNOxOxides of Nitrogen. A common toxic
pollutant emitted by petrol and diesel engines
at higher temperatures.
OOhmThe unit of electrical resistance. One
volt applied to a resistance of one ohm will
produce a current of one amp.
OhmmeterAn instrument for measuring
electrical resistance.
O-ringA type of sealing ring made of a
special rubber-like material; in use, the O-ring
is compressed into a groove to provide the
sealing action.
Overhead cam (ohc) engineAn engine with
the camshaft(s) located on top of the cylinder
head(s).Overhead valve (ohv) engineAn engine with
the valves located in the cylinder head, but
with the camshaft located in the engine block.
Oxygen sensorA device installed in the
engine exhaust manifold, which senses the
oxygen content in the exhaust and converts
this information into an electric current. Also
called a Lambda sensor.
PPhillips screwA type of screw head having a
cross instead of a slot for a corresponding
type of screwdriver.
PlastigageA thin strip of plastic thread,
available in different sizes, used for measuring
clearances. For example, a strip of Plastigage
is laid across a bearing journal. The parts are
assembled and dismantled; the width of the
crushed strip indicates the clearance between
journal and bearing.
Propeller shaftThe long hollow tube with
universal joints at both ends that carries
power from the transmission to the differential
on front-engined rear wheel drive vehicles.
Proportioning valveA hydraulic control
valve which limits the amount of pressure to
the rear brakes during panic stops to prevent
wheel lock-up.
RRack-and-pinion steeringA steering system
with a pinion gear on the end of the steering
shaft that mates with a rack (think of a geared
wheel opened up and laid flat). When the
steering wheel is turned, the pinion turns,
moving the rack to the left or right. This
movement is transmitted through the track
rods to the steering arms at the wheels.
RadiatorA liquid-to-air heat transfer device
designed to reduce the temperature of the
coolant in an internal combustion engine
cooling system.
RefrigerantAny substance used as a heat
transfer agent in an air-conditioning system.
R-12 has been the principle refrigerant for
many years; recently, however, manufacturers
have begun using R-134a, a non-CFC
substance that is considered less harmful to
the ozone in the upper atmosphere.
Rocker armA lever arm that rocks on a shaft
or pivots on a stud. In an overhead valve
engine, the rocker arm converts the upward
movement of the pushrod into a downward
movement to open a valve.
Adjusting spark plug gap
Plastigage
Gasket
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REF•16Glossary of Technical Terms
RotorIn a distributor, the rotating device
inside the cap that connects the centre
electrode and the outer terminals as it turns,
distributing the high voltage from the coil
secondary winding to the proper spark plug.
Also, that part of an alternator which rotates
inside the stator. Also, the rotating assembly
of a turbocharger, including the compressor
wheel, shaft and turbine wheel.
RunoutThe amount of wobble (in-and-out
movement) of a gear or wheel as it’s rotated.
The amount a shaft rotates “out-of-true.” The
out-of-round condition of a rotating part.
SSealantA liquid or paste used to prevent
leakage at a joint. Sometimes used in
conjunction with a gasket.
Sealed beam lampAn older headlight design
which integrates the reflector, lens and
filaments into a hermetically-sealed one-piece
unit. When a filament burns out or the lens
cracks, the entire unit is simply replaced.
Serpentine drivebeltA single, long, wide
accessory drivebelt that’s used on some
newer vehicles to drive all the accessories,
instead of a series of smaller, shorter belts.
Serpentine drivebelts are usually tensioned by
an automatic tensioner.
ShimThin spacer, commonly used to adjust
the clearance or relative positions between
two parts. For example, shims inserted into or
under bucket tappets control valve
clearances. Clearance is adjusted by
changing the thickness of the shim.
Slide hammerA special puller that screws
into or hooks onto a component such as a
shaft or bearing; a heavy sliding handle on the
shaft bottoms against the end of the shaft to
knock the component free.SprocketA tooth or projection on the
periphery of a wheel, shaped to engage with a
chain or drivebelt. Commonly used to refer to
the sprocket wheel itself.
Starter inhibitor switchOn vehicles with an
automatic transmission, a switch that
prevents starting if the vehicle is not in Neutral
or Park.
StrutSee MacPherson strut.
TTappetA cylindrical component which
transmits motion from the cam to the valve
stem, either directly or via a pushrod and
rocker arm. Also called a cam follower.
ThermostatA heat-controlled valve that
regulates the flow of coolant between the
cylinder block and the radiator, so maintaining
optimum engine operating temperature. A
thermostat is also used in some air cleaners in
which the temperature is regulated.
Thrust bearingThe bearing in the clutch
assembly that is moved in to the release
levers by clutch pedal action to disengage the
clutch. Also referred to as a release bearing.
Timing beltA toothed belt which drives the
camshaft. Serious engine damage may result
if it breaks in service.
Timing chainA chain which drives the
camshaft.
Toe-inThe amount the front wheels are
closer together at the front than at the rear. On
rear wheel drive vehicles, a slight amount of
toe-in is usually specified to keep the front
wheels running parallel on the road by
offsetting other forces that tend to spread the
wheels apart.
Toe-outThe amount the front wheels are
closer together at the rear than at the front. On
front wheel drive vehicles, a slight amount of
toe-out is usually specified.
ToolsFor full information on choosing and
using tools, refer to the Haynes Automotive
Tools Manual.
TracerA stripe of a second colour applied to
a wire insulator to distinguish that wire from
another one with the same colour insulator.
Tune-upA process of accurate and careful
adjustments and parts replacement to obtain
the best possible engine performance.TurbochargerA centrifugal device, driven by
exhaust gases, that pressurises the intake air.
Normally used to increase the power output
from a given engine displacement, but can
also be used primarily to reduce exhaust
emissions (as on VW’s “Umwelt” Diesel
engine).
UUniversal joint or U-jointA double-pivoted
connection for transmitting power from a
driving to a driven shaft through an angle. A
U-joint consists of two Y-shaped yokes and a
cross-shaped member called the spider.
VValveA device through which the flow of
liquid, gas, vacuum, or loose material in bulk
may be started, stopped, or regulated by a
movable part that opens, shuts, or partially
obstructs one or more ports or passageways.
A valve is also the movable part of such a
device.
Valve clearanceThe clearance between the
valve tip (the end of the valve stem) and the
rocker arm or tappet. The valve clearance is
measured when the valve is closed.
Vernier caliperA precision measuring
instrument that measures inside and outside
dimensions. Not quite as accurate as a
micrometer, but more convenient.
ViscosityThe thickness of a liquid or its
resistance to flow.
VoltA unit for expressing electrical
“pressure” in a circuit. One volt that will
produce a current of one ampere through a
resistance of one ohm.
WWeldingVarious processes used to join metal
items by heating the areas to be joined to a
molten state and fusing them together. For
more information refer to the Haynes
Automotive Welding Manual.
Wiring diagramA drawing portraying the
components and wires in a vehicle’s electrical
system, using standardised symbols. For
more information refer to the Haynes
Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems
Manual.
Serpentine drivebelt
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REF•18Index
E
Earth fault - 12•4
Economy/Sport mode switch - 12•7
ECU (Electronic Control Unit) - 6•10, 6•11,
6•12
EGR exhaust gas pressure differential
sensor - 6•16
EGR system - 6•15, 6•16
Electric shock - 0•5
Electric windows fault - REF•12
Electrical system - 0•8, 1•11, 1•20
Electrical system fault - REF•12
Electrically-operated windows - 12•7
Electrolyte - 1•8
Electronic control system - 4•9, 6•2
Emblems - 11•17
Emission checks - 0•10
Emissions control systems - 6•1
Engine compartment light - 12•11
Engine electrical systems- 5•1et seq
Engine fault finding - REF•7, REF•8, REF•10
Engine management system - 4•8, 4•9
Engine oil - 1•2, 1•6, 1•16
Engine oil level sensor - 12•18
Engine removal and general engine
overhaul procedures- 2B•1et seq
Environmental considerations - REF•4
Evaporative emissions control (EVAP)
system - 6•14
Evaporator - 3•9
Exhaust gas pressure differential sensor -
6•11, 6•12, 6•13
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system -
6•15, 6•16
Exhaust manifold - 2A•8
Exhaust system - 0•9, 0•10, 1•18, 4•12,
REF•9
Expansion tank - 3•5, 3•6
FFacia - 11•21, 11•23
Fan(s) - 3•4, 12•11
Fault code read-out - 6•6
Fault finding- REF•6et seq
Fault finding - automatic transmission -
7B•1
Fault finding - electrical system - 12•4
Filling - 11•3
Fire - 0•5
Fluid level checks - 1•6
Flywheel - 2A•24
Foglight - 12•7, 12•9, 12•13
Foglight warning indicator - 12•11
Fuel and exhaust systems- 0•10, 4•1et
seq
Fuel and exhaust system fault finding -
REF•9
Fuel consumption high - REF•9
Fuel cut-off switch - 4•8
Fuel filter - 1•26
Fuel gauge - 4•6
Fuel gauge fault - REF•12
Fuel hoses - 1•15
Fuel injection system - 4•8, 4•9
Fuel injectors - 4•10
Fuel lines - 1•19, 4•2
Fuel odour - REF•9Fuel pressure check - 4•5
Fuel pressure regulator - 4•11
Fuel pump - 4•5, 4•6
Fuel rail - 4•10
Fuel system - 4•2
Fuel tank - 4•7, 4•8
Fume or gas intoxication - 0•5
Fumes from exhaust system - REF•9
Fuses - 12•5
G
Gaiters - 1•18, 8•7, 8•9, 10•21
Gashes in bodywork - 11•3
Gaskets - REF•4
Gear lever - 7A•2
Gear selection problems - REF•9, REF•10
Gearbox oil - 1•2
Gearchange linkage - 7A•2
Gearchange selector shaft - 7A•3
Glossary of technical terms - REF•13
Glovebox - 11•22
Glovebox light - 12•11
Grab handle - 11•20
H
Handbrake - 0•7, 9•16, 12•7
Handles - 11•10, 11•11, 11•12, 11•13,
12•11
Hazard flashers - 12•7, 12•11
HC emissions - 0•10
Headlight - 1•8, 12•7, 12•8, 12•12, 12•13
Heated rear window - 12•8
Heated seat - 12•8
Heated windscreen - 12•8
Heater - 3•2, 3•7, 3•8, 12•11, 12•12
Horn - 12•7, 12•15
Horn fault - REF•12
Hoses - 1•14, 3•2, 9•11
HT leads - 1•24
Hub and bearings - 10•5, 10•9, 10•14
Hydraulic fluid - 1•2
Hydraulic pipes and hoses - 9•11
Hydraulic system - 9•12
Hydraulic tappets - 2A•14
Hydrofluoric acid - 0•5
I
Idle speed - 4•9, 4•11, 6•10
Idle-increase solenoid valve - 4•12
Ignition coil - 5•3
Ignition module - 5•4
Ignition switch - 12•6
Ignition system - 5•3
Ignition timing - 5•4, 6•10
In-car engine repair procedures- 2A•1et
seq
Indicators - 12•7, 12•9, 12•12
Information sensors - 6•10
Inlet manifold - 2A•7
Instrument panel - 12•7, 12•11, 12•14
Instruments - 1•20
Instruments fault - REF•12
Intake air temperature sensor - 6•11, 6•13
Introduction to the Ford Mondeo - 0•4
J
Jacking - 0•11
Joint mating faces - REF•4
Jump starting - 0•12
K
Knuckle - 10•5, 10•10, 10•14
L
Leaks - 0•13, 1•14, REF•9
Light units - 12•12
Lights - 12•7, 12•11
Lights inoperative - REF•12
Locknuts, locktabs and washers - REF•4
Locks - 11•6, 11•10, 11•12, 11•13, 11•15,
11•16, 11•17, 12•6, REF•12
Low air temperature warning sender unit -
12•18
Low coolant warning switch - 12•18
Low washer fluid switch - 12•18
Lower suspension arm - 10•8, 10•9, 10•13,
10•16
Lubrication system - 2A•4
Luggage compartment switch - 12•7
M
Main bearings - 2B•18, 2B•20
Maintenance- Also see Routine
maintenance
Maintenance - bodywork and underframe -
11•2
Maintenance - upholstery and carpets -
11•3
Manifolds - 2A•7, 2A•8
Manual transmission- 1•17, 2A•24, 2B•3,
2B•4, 7A•1et seq
Manual transmission fault finding - REF•9
Manual transmission oil - 1•2
Master cylinder - 9•10
Mirrors - 0•7, 11•14, 12•7
Misfire - REF•7, REF•8
Mixture - 0•10, 4•9
MOT test checks- 0•7et seq
Mountings - 2A•24, 7A•7, 7B•5
N
Number plate light - 12•10, 12•13
O
Oil (transmission) - 1•2
Oil (engine) - 1•2, 1•6, 1•16
Oil cooler - 2A•22
Oil level sensor - 2A•22, 12•18
Oil pressure warning light illuminated -
REF•8
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REF•19Index
Oil pressure warning light switch - 2A•22
Oil pump - 2A•21
Oil seals - 2A•13, 2A•22, 7A•2, 7B•3, REF•4
Oil separator - 6•19
Open-circuit - 12•4
Overcooling - REF•8
Overhead console - 11•22
Overheating - REF•8
Oxygen sensor - 6•11, 6•12, 6•13
P
Pads - 9•3, 9•8
Pedals - 1•17, 4•5, 8•3, 9•10, 9•11
Piston rings - 2B•19
Pistons - 2B•12, 2B•17, 2B•21, 2B•22
Pitching and/or rolling around corners -
REF•11
Plastic components - 11•4
Plenum chamber - 4•3
Poisonous or irritant substances - 0•5
Pollen filter - 1•20, 3•8
Position sensor - 5•4, 6•10, 6•11, 6•12
Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
system - 1•23, 6•18, 6•19
Power steering - 1•8, 1•10, 6•11, 6•12,
6•13, 10•20, 10•21, 10•22
Power steering fluid - 1•2
Pressure-control relief valve - 9•13
Pressure-cycling and pressure-regulating
switches - 3•10
Project vehicles - 0•4
Pulse-air - 6•17, 6•18
Purge solenoid valve - 6•14
R
Radiator - 3•4, 3•5
Radiator grille - 11•5
Radio - 12•21, 12•22
Radio aerial - 12•22
Reading light - 12•11
Rear light cluster - 12•9, 12•13
Rear window - 12•8, 12•21
Relays - 12•5
Repair procedures - REF•4
Resonator (engine compartment) - 4•3
Respraying - 11•3
Reversing light switch - 7A•3
Road test - 1•20
Roadwheels - 1•17, 1•18, 1•20
Roll-over valves - 4•8
Routine maintenance and servicing- 1•1et
seq
Rubber gaiters- 1•18, 8•7, 8•9, 10•21
Rust holes in bodywork - 11•3
S
Safety first! - 0•5
Scalding - 0•5
Scratches in bodywork - 11•3
Screw threads and fastenings - REF•4
Seat belts - 0•8, 1•13, 11•19, 11•20Seats - 0•8, 11•18, 12•8
Selector assembly - 7B•2
Selector cable - 7B•2
Selector lever position sensor - 7B•2
Selector panel illumination - 12•11
Service indicator - 12•17, 12•18
Servo unit - 9•12, 9•13
Shock absorbers - 0•8, 0•9, 10•14
Shoes - 9•6
Short-circuit - 12•4
Sidelight - 12•9
Solenoid renewal - 5•8
Spare parts - REF•5
Spark plugs - 1•23
Speakers - 12•22
Speed control - 12•20
Speed sensor - 6•11, 6•12, 6•13
Speedometer - 7A•2, 7A•3, 7B•2, 7B•3,
12•15
Springs - 0•9
Starter motor - 5•7
Starter motor fault - REF•7
Starting system - 5•6
Steering - 0•7, 0•8, 0•9, 1•17, 1•20
Steering angles - 10•22
Steering column - 10•18, 10•20
Steering fault - REF•11
Steering knuckle - 10•5
Steering wheel - 10•17
Stop-light switch - 9•15
Striker - 11•13
Struts - 10•6, 10•7, 10•10, 10•12
Sump - 2A•19
Sun visor - 11•20
Sunroof - 11•18, 12•7
Suspension and steering systems- 0•8,
0•9, 1•17, 1•18, 1•20, 10•1et seq
Suspension and steering systems fault
finding - REF•11
Switches - 2A•22, 3•4, 3•5, 3•10, 4•8-
6•11, 6•12, 6•13, 7A•3, 9•15, 11•17,
12•6, 12•7, 12•8, 12•11, 12•18, 12•20
T
Tailgate - 1•8, 1•10, 11•15, 11•16, 12•17,
12•20, REF•12
Tappets - 2A•14
TCS inhibitor switch - 9•15
TCS throttle actuator - 9•15
Temperature gauge fault - REF•12
Thermostat - 3•3, 3•4
Throttle actuator - 9•15
Throttle housing - 4•9
Throttle potentiometer - 6•11, 6•13
Tie-bar - 10•13, 10•16
Timer module - 12•5
Timing - 5•4, 6•10
Timing belt - 1•26, 2A•10, 2A•13
Tools - REF•1, REF•3, REF•4
Top Dead Centre (TDC) for No 1 piston -
2A•6
Towing - 0•11
Track rod end - 10•22Traction Control System - 9•15, 12•7
Transmission- 1•11, 1•17, 2A•24, 2B•3,
2B•4, 7A•1 et seq, 7B•1 et seq, 12•11
Trim mouldings - 11•17
Trim panels - 11•6, 11•20
Trip computer - 12•17
Tyre wear - REF•11
Tyres - 0•10, 1•8
U
Underbody check - 1•19
Upper suspension arm - 10•16
V
Vacuum hoses - 1•15
Vacuum servo unit - 9•12, 9•13
Valve clearances - 2A•5
Valves - 2B•10, 2B•11
Vehicle identification - 0•8, REF•5
Vehicle pulls to one side - REF•10, REF•11
Vehicle speed sensor - 6•11, 6•12, 6•13
Ventilation system - 1•20, 3•7
Voltage regulator - 5•6
W
Warning lights - 12•11
Warning system - 12•17
Washer jets fault - REF•12
Washer nozzle - 12•21
Washer pump fault - REF•12
Washer reservoir and pump - 12•20
Washer system - 1•8, 1•10, 12•18, 12•20
Water pump - 3•6
Weights - 0•6
Wheel alignment - 10•22
Wheel arch liner - 11•24
Wheel bearings - 0•9
Wheel changing - 0•11
Wheel cylinders - 9•8
Wheel sensors - 9•14
Wheel wobble - REF•11
Wheels - 0•10, 1•17, 1•18, 1•20
Wheels locking - REF•11
Window glass - 11•8
Window regulator - 11•9
Windows - 11•17, 12•7, 12•8, 12•21,
REF•12
Windscreen - 0•7, 1•8, 1•10, 11•17, 12•6,
12•8, 12•16, 12•20, 12•21, REF•12
Wiper arms - 12•16
Wiper blade - 1•10
Wiper blade fault - REF•12
Wiper motor - 12•16, 12•17
Wipers - 12•6
Wiper fault - REF•12
Wiring - 1•15
Wiring diagrams- 12•23et seq
Working facilities - REF•3
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