engine GMC SIERRA 1995 Manual PDF

If You’re Stuck: In Sand, Mud, Ice or Snow
What you don’t want to do when your vehicle is stuck is to spin your wheels
too fast. The method known as ”rocking” can help you get out when you’re
stuck, but you nlust use caution.
A CAUTION:
If you let your tires spin at high speed, they can explode and you
or others could be injured. And, the transmission or other par\
ts
of the vehicle can overheat. That could cause an engine
compartment fire or other damage. When you’re stuck, spin th\
e wheels
as little as possible. Don’t spin the wheels above 35 mph
(55 km/h) as shown on the speedometer.
I NOTICE:
Spinning your wheels can destroy parts of your vehicle as well as
the tires. If you spin the wheels too fast while shifting your
transmission back and forth, you can destroy your transmission.
For information about using tire chains on your vehicle, see “Tire Chains”
in the Index.
Rocking
your vehicle to get it out:
First. turn your steering wheel left and right. That will clear the area around
your front wheels. Then shift back and forth between REVERSE
(R) and a
forward gear (or
with a manual transmission, between FIRST (1 ) or
SECOND (2) gear and REVERSE), spinning the wheels as little as possible.
Release
the accelerator pedal while you shift, and press lightly on the
accelerator pedal when the transmission
is in gear. If that doesn’t get you
out after a few tries, you may need
to be towed out. Or, you can use your
recovery hooks,
if your vehicle has them. If you do need to be towed out.
see “Towing Your Vehicle”
in the Index.
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You should keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the
date
of any service work you perform. See “Maintenance Record” in the
Index.
A CAUTION:
You can be injured if you try to do service work on a vehicle
without knowing enough about it,
Be sure you have sufficient knowledge, experience, and the
proper replacement parts and tools before you attempt
any
vehicle maintenance task.
Be sure to use the proper nuts, bolts and other fasteners,
“English” and “metric” fasteners can be easily confused. If
you use the wrong fasteners, parts can later break or fall
off.
You could be hurt.
NOTICE:
If you try to do your own service work without knowing enough
about it, your vehicle could be damaged.
Fuel (Gasoline Engine)
If your vehicle has a diesel engine, see “Diesel Fuel Requirements and Fuel
System”
in this Section. For vehicles with gasoline engines, please read this.
Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher. It should meet
specifications ASTM D48
14 in the United States and CGSB 3.5-92 in
Canada. These fuels should have the proper additives, so you should not
have to add anything
to the fuel.
In the United States and Canada, it’s easy to be sure
you get the right kind
of gasoline (unleaded). You’ll see UNLEADED right on the pump. And
only unleaded nozzles will
fit into your vehicle’s filler neck.
Be sure the posted octane is at least
87. If the octane is less than 87, you
may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough,
it can
damage your engine.
If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you still hear heavy
knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry
if you hear a little
pinging noise when you’re accelerating or driving up a hill. That’s normal
and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid
of pinging. It’s the
heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem.
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What about gasoline with blending materials that contain oxygen
(oxygenates), such
as MTBE or alcohol?
MTBE is “methyl tertiary-butyl ether.” Fuel that is no more than 15%
MTBE is fine for your vehicle.
Ethanol is ethyl or grain alcohol. Properly-blended fuel that is no more than
10% ethanol is fine for your vehicle.
Methanol is methyl or wood alcohol.
NOTICE:
Fuel that is more than 5% methanol is bad for your vehicle.
Don’t use it. It can corrode metal parts in your fuel system and
also damage plastic and rubber parts. That damage wouldn’t be
covered under your warranty. And even at
5% or less, there
must be “cosolvents” and corrosion preventers in this fuel
to
help avoid these problems.
Gasolines for Cleaner Air
Your use of gasoline with deposit control additives will help prevent
deposits from forming
in your engine and fuel system. That helps keep your
engine
in tune and your emission control system working properly. It’s good
for your vehicle, and you’ll be doing your part for cleaner air.
Many gasolines are now blended with oxygenates. General Motors
recommends that
you use gasolines with these blending materials, such as
MTBE and ethanol. By doing
so, you can help clean the air, especially in
those parts of the country that have high carbon monoxide levels.
In addition, some gasoline suppliers are now producing reformulated
gasolines. These gasolines are specially designed to reduce vehicle
emissions. General Motors recommends that
you use reformulated gasoline.
By doing
so, you can help clean the air, especially in those parts of the
country that have high ozone levels.
You should ask your service station operators if their gasolines contain
deposit control additives and oxygenates, and if they have been
reformulated
to reduce vehicle emissions.
Diesel Fuel Requirements and Fuel Sysrem
Some states and provinces have restrictions on the purchase of diesel fuel
for light-duty vehicles and require you to buy permits or pay special taxes.
Some
of these restrictions apply only to residents, and others apply to both
residents and visitors. These restrictions can change.
To learn the current
restrictions in any state or province, contact your auto club, the police or
other officials.
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Fuel Requirements
NOTICE:
Diesel fuel or fuel additives not recommended in this manual
could damage your fuel system and engine. Your warranty
wouldn’t cover this damage. And:
Diesel fuel that has been mixed with engine oil could damage
your engine and emission controls. Always check with your
service station operator to make sure his diesel fuel has not \
been mixed with engine oil.
If you ever run out of diesel fuel, it can be difficult to restart
your engine. “Running Out of Fuel,” later in this section, tells
you how to get it started again.
To avoid all this, try never to
let your tank get empty.
What Fuel to Use
For best results, use Number 2-D diesel fuel year-round (above and below
freezing conditionsj as oil companies blend Number
2-D fuel to address
climate differences. Number
1-D diesel fuel may be used in very cold
temperatures (when
it stays below 0°F or -18°C); however, it will produce
a power and fuel economy loss. The use of Number I-D diesel fuel in warm
or hot climates may result in stalling, poor starting when the engine is hot
and
may damage the fuel injection system.
Diesel fuel may foam when you
fill your tank. This can cause the automatic
pump nozzle to shut off, even though your tank isn’t
full. If this happens,
just wait for the foaming to stop and then continue to
fill your tank.
A CAUTION:
Heat coming from the engine may cause the fuel to expand and \
force the fuel out of your tank.
If something ignites the fuel, a
fire could start and people could be burned. To help avoid this,
fill your fuel tank only until the automatic nozzle shuts
off.
Don’t try to “top it off.”
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Canadian Fuels
Diesel-powered trucks are now equipped with emission control systems that
require the use of diesel fuel with low-sulfur
(.05% by weight) content.
Both low- and higher-sulfur fuels will be available
in Canada. Only
low-sulfur diesel fuels are available
in the United States. It is important that
diesel-powered trucks are refueled with low-sulfur fuel. Use of fuels with
higher-sulfur content will affect
the function of the emission components
and may cause reduced performance, excessive smoke and unpleasant odor.
Cold Weather Operation
Follow the instructions listed previously under the heading “What Fuel to
Use.”
If you’re driving
in very toold temperatures and can’t get a “winterized”
Number
2-D that has been adapted to cold weather or a Number 1-D, you
can
use one gallon of kerosene for every two gallons of diesel fuel. Once
you add the kerosene, run your engine for several minutes
so the fuels will
mix. Add kerosene only when the temperature falls below 0°F (-1 S”C),
because the fuel economy of kerosene isn’t as good as that of diesel fuel.
NOTICE:
Never use home heating oil or gasoline in your diesel engine. \
They can cause engine damage.
In cold weather, your fuel filter may become clogged (waxed). To unclog it,
warm the filter to between
32°F and 50°F (OOC to 10°C). You won’t need
to replace
it.
Water in Fuel
Sometimes, water can be pumped into your fuel tank along with your diesel
fuel. This can happen
if a service station doesn’t regularly inspect and clean
its fuel tanks, or
if it gets contaminated fuel from its suppliers.
If this happens, a WATER
IN FUEL light will come on. If it does, the excess
water must be drained. Your dealer can show
you how to do this.
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L
WATER
IN
FUEL
If the light comes on at any other time, use this chart. This light also should
come on briefly when
you start your engine,
as
a check. If it
doesn’t, have it fixed
so it will be there to
let you know if you
ever do get water in
your fuel.
If you drive when this warning light is on, you can damage your
fuel injection system and your engine.
If the light comes on right
after you refuel,
it means water was pumped into your fuel tank.
Turn
off your engine immediately. Then, have the water drained
at once.
“WATER IN FUEL” LIGHT CHART
Problem Recommended Action
Light comes on intermittently. Drain water from fuel filter.
Light stays on:
1. At temperatures above freezing.
2. At temperatures below freezing.
3. Immediately after refueling -
large amount of water possibly
pumped into
fuel tank. Drain fuel filter
immediately.
If no
water can be drained and light stays
on, see your dealer for assistance.
Drain fuel filter immediately.
If no
water can be drained-water may
be frozen. Open the air bleed valve
to check for fuel pressure.
If no fuel
pressure is present, replace the fuel
filter.
Fuel tank purging required. See
your dealer for assistance.
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Hesitation or “flat” performance at high speed or during \
hard acceleration
may be an indication of premature fuel filter plugging due to dirty or
contaminated fuel. The fidter element may need to be changed
if this
happens. See your dealer for assistance.
To drain water:
1. Stop and park the vehicle in a safe place. Turn off the engine and apply
2. Remove the fuel tank cap.
the parking brake.
3. Place a
fuel-resistant container under the filter drain hose.
5.
6.
7.
8.
4. With the engine
off, open the
water drain valve
2 to 3 turns.
When standing in
front of the
vehicle, the valve
is located on the
right side of the
thermostat
housing.
Start the engine and allow it to idle until clear fuel is ob\
served.
Stop the engine and close the water drain valve.
Remove the fuel-resistant container and properly dispose of the
contaminated fuel.
To find out how to properly dispose of contaminated
diesel fuel see “What to Do with Used Oil” in the “E\
ngine Oil (Diesel
Engines)” part, later in this section.
Install the fuel tank cap.
If the WATER IN FUEL light comes on again after driving a short distance
or the engine runs rough or stalls-a large amount of water has probably
been pumped into the
fuel tank. The fuel tank should be purged.
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NOTICE:
If there is water in your diesel fuel and the weather is warm or
humid, fungus and bacteria can grow in the fuel. They can
damage your fuel system. You'll need a diesel fuel biocide to
sterilize your fuel system. Your dealer can advise
you if you ever
need this.
If your fuel tank needs to be purged to remove water, see your
dealer or a qualified technician. Improper purging can damage
your fuel system.
Running Out of Fuel (Diesel Engines)
If the engine stalls and you think that you've run out of fuel, do this:
First, open the fuel filter air bleed valve.
Briefly crank the
engine and have
someone watch the
bleed valve. If there is
air, then you are
probably
out of fuel.
To restart your engine:
I. If you're parked on a level surface, add at least two gallons of fuel.
However, if you're parked
on a slope, you may need to add up to five
gallons of fuel.
2. With the air bleed valve open, turn your ignition key to START for 10
to
15 seconds to crank (but not start) your engine. Wait one minute
between intervals
of cranking to allow the starter motor to cool.
Overheating the starter motor could damage it. Keep doing this until
you can just see some clear fuel at the air bleed valve. (If, during this
step, the engine starts, turn the ignition off and close the valve before
restart.)
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A CAUTION:
Diesel fuel is flammable. It could start a fire if it gets on hot
engine parts. You could be burned. Don't let too much fuel flow
from the air bleed
valve, and wipe up any spilled fuel with a
cloth.
3. Close the air bleed valve.
4. Turn the ignition key to START for 10 to 15 seconds at a time until
your engine starts.
Fuel Filter Replacement (Diesel Engines)
If you want to change the fuel filter yourself, here's how to do it:
A CAUTION:
Diesel fuel is flammable. It could start a fire if something ignites
it, and you could be burned. Don't let it get on hot engine parts,
and keep matches or other ignition sources away.
First. drain any water from the filter following the procedure for draining
water listed previously.
Your vehicle's engine should be off until the end
of the following procedure.
1. Apply the parking brake.
2. Take off the fuel tank cap. This releases vacuum in the tank.
3. Unscrew and
remove the ring
nut from the top
of the
filter head.
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7.
8.
9.
10.
4. Lift the element
out
of the filter
head.
5. If there is any dirt
on the element
sealing surface
of
the filter head,
clean
it off.
6. Line up the
widest slot in the
top of the new
element with
the
widest key on
then top of the
filter head. Push
the element in
until the mating
surfaces touch.
Replace and tighten the ring
nut to the top of the filter head
With
the air bleed valve open, turn your ignition key to START for 10
to 15 seconds. Wait one minute for your starter to cool. Do this until
you can see clear fuel coming from the air bleed valve.
Close the air bleed valve and replace the fuel cap.
Start your engine and let it idle for five minutes. Check your
fuel filter
and air bleed valve for leaks.
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