trailer GMC SIERRA 1999 User Guide

4-
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4-1
Section 4 Your Driving and the Road
Here you'll find information about driving on different kinds of roads and in varying weather conditions. We've also
included many other useful tips on driving.
4
-2 Defensive Driving
4
-3 Drunken Driving
4
-5 Control of a Vehicle
4
-6 Braking
4
-9 Steering
4
-11 Off-Road Recovery
4
-11 Passing
4
-13 Loss of Control
4
-14 Off-Road Driving with Your
Four
-Wheel-Drive Vehicle
4
-27 Driving at Night
4
-28 Driving in Rain and on Wet Roads4
-31 City Driving
4
-32 Freeway Driving
4
-33 Before Leaving on a Long Trip
4
-33 Highway Hypnosis
4
-34 Hill and Mountain Roads
4
-36 Winter Driving
4
-41 Recreational Vehicle Towing
4
-43 Loading Your Vehicle
4
-48 Camper Wiring Harness (If Equipped)
4
-48 Pickup Conversion to Chassis Cab
4
-49 Towing a Trailer

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Recreational Vehicle Towing
There may be times when you want to tow your vehicle
behind another vehicle for use at your destination. Be
sure to use the proper towing equipment designed for
recreational vehicle towing. Follow the instructions for
the towing equipment.
Two-Wheel-Drive Vehicles
Tw o-wheel-drive vehicles should not be towed with
all four wheels on the ground. Two
-wheel-drive
transmissions have no provisions for internal lubrication
while being towed. To properly tow these vehicles, they
should be placed on a platform trailer with all four
wheels off the ground.
In rare cases when it's unavoidable that a
two
-wheel-drive vehicle is to be towed with all four
wheels on the ground, the propeller shaft to axle yoke
orientation should be marked and the propeller shaft
removed following the applicable service manual
removal/installation procedure.
Dust or dirt can enter the back of the transmission
through the opening created by removing the propeller
shaft if proper protection is not provided. Also, check
the transmission fluid level before driving the truck.

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If your slide-in camper and its load weighs less than the
CWR, the center of gravity zone for your vehicle may
be larger.
Your dealer can help you make a good vehicle
-camper
match. He'll also help you determine your CWR.
After you've loaded your vehicle and camper, drive to a
weigh station and weigh the front and rear wheels
separately. This will tell you the loads on your axles.
The loads on the front and rear axles shouldn't be more
than either of the GAWRs. The total of the axle loads
should not be more than the GVWR.
Open your driver's door and look at the Certification/Tire
label to find out your GAWR and GVWR.
If you've gone over your weight ratings, move or take
out some things until all the weight falls below the
ratings. Of course, you should always tie down any
loose items when you load your vehicle or camper.
When you install and load your slide
-in camper, check
the manufacturer's instructions.
If you want more information on curb weights, cargo
weights, Cargo Weight Rating and the correct center of
gravity zone for your vehicle, your dealer can help you.
Just ask for a copy of ªConsumer Information,
Truck
-Camper Loading.º
Trailer Recommendations
You must subtract your hitch loads from the CWR for
your vehicle. Weigh your vehicle with the trailer attached,
so that you won't go over the GVWR or GAWR.
You'll get the best performance if you spread out the
weight of your load the right way, and if you choose the
correct hitch and trailer brakes.
For more information, see ªTrailer Towingº in
the Index.

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Towing a Trailer
CAUTION:
If you don't use the correct equipment and drive
properly, you can lose control when you pull a
trailer. For example, if the trailer is too heavy, the
brakes may not work well
-- or even at all. You
and your passengers could be seriously injured.
Pull a trailer only if you have followed all the
steps in this section. Ask your dealer for advice
and information about towing a trailer with
your vehicle.
NOTICE:
Pulling a trailer improperly can damage your
vehicle and result in costly repairs not covered by
your warranty. To pull a trailer correctly, follow
the advice in this part, and see your dealer for
important information about towing a trailer
with your vehicle.
Your vehicle may be able to tow a trailer. To identify
what the vehicle trailering capacity is for your vehicle,
you should read the information in ªWeight of the
Trailerº that appears later in this section.
If yours was built with trailering options, as many are,
it's ready for heavier trailers. But trailering is different
than just driving your vehicle by itself. Trailering means
changes in handling, durability and fuel economy.
Successful, safe trailering takes correct equipment, and
it has to be used properly.
That's the reason for this part. In it are many
time
-tested, important trailering tips and safety rules.
Many of these are important for your safety and that of
your passengers. So please read this section carefully
before you pull a trailer.

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4-50 If You Do Decide To Pull A Trailer
If you do, here are some important points:

There are many different laws, including speed limit
restrictions, having to do with trailering. Make sure
your rig will be legal, not only where you live but
also where you'll be driving. A good source for this
information can be state or provincial police.

Consider using a sway control if your trailer will
weigh less than the capacity stamped on your step
bumper. You should always use a sway control if
your trailer will weigh more than the capacity
stamped on your step bumper. You can ask a hitch
dealer about sway controls.

Don't tow a trailer at all during the first 500 miles
(800 km) your new vehicle is driven. Your engine,
axle or other parts could be damaged.

Then, during the first 500 miles (800 km) that you
tow a trailer, don't drive over 50 mph (80 km/h) and
don't make starts at full throttle. This helps your
engine and other parts of your vehicle wear in at the
heavier loads.
If you have an automatic transmission, you can tow
in OVERDRIVE (
). You may want to shift the
transmission to THIRD (3) or, if necessary, a lower
gear selection if the transmission shifts too often
(e.g., under heavy loads and/or hilly conditions).
If you have a manual transmission and you are
towing a trailer, it's better not to use FIFTH (5) gear.
Just drive in FOURTH (4) gear (or, as you need to, a
lower gear).
Three important considerations have to do with weight:

the weight of the trailer,

the weight of the trailer tongue

and the weight on your vehicle's tires.
Weight of the Trailer
How heavy can a trailer safely be?
It depends on how you plan to use your rig. For
example, speed, altitude, road grades, outside
temperature and how much your vehicle is used to pull a
trailer are all important. And, it can also depend on any
special equipment that you have on your vehicle.

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Use one of the following charts to determine how much
your vehicle can weigh, based upon your vehicle model
and options.
Maximum trailer weight is calculated assuming the
driver and one passenger are in the tow vehicle and it
has all the required trailering equipment. The weight of
additional optional equipment, passengers and cargo in
the tow vehicle must be subtracted from the maximum
trailer weight.
Above the 2,000 lbs. (908 kg) trailer rating, the engine
oil cooler is required on C/K
-2500 models with gas
engines. Refer to the Trailering Guide for oil cooler
recommendations.C
-1500 (2WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.0L 3.08 4,500 lbs. (2 043 kg)
3.42 5,500 lbs. (2 497 kg)
3.73 6,500 lbs. (2 951 kg)
5.7L 3.08 5,000 lbs. (2 270 kg)
3.42 6,000 lbs. (2 724 kg)
3.73 7,000 lbs. (3 178 kg)
K
-1500 (4WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.0L 3.42 5,000 lbs. (2 270 kg)
3.73 6,000 lbs. (2 724 kg)
5.7L 3.42 5,500 lbs. (2 497 kg)
3.73 6,500 lbs. (2 951 kg)
6.5L Diesel 3.42 6,000 lbs. (2 724 kg)
3.73 7,000 lbs. (3 178 kg)

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C-2500 (2WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.7L 3.42 6,000 lbs. (2 724 kg)
3.73 7,000 lbs. (3 178 kg)
4.10 8,000 lbs. (3 632 kg)
6.5L Diesel 3.42 6,500 lbs. (2 951 kg)
3.73 7,500 lbs. (3 405 kg)
4.10 8,500 lbs. (3 859 kg)
7.4L 3.73 9,000 lbs. (4 086 kg)
4.10 11,000 lbs.* (4 994 kg)
*Fifth
-wheel hitch rating; weight-distributing hitch
rating is limited to 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg).K
-2500 (4WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.7L 3.73 6,000 lbs. (2 724 kg)
4.10 7,500 lbs. (3 405 kg)
6.5L Diesel 3.73 6,500 lbs. (2 951 kg)
4.10 8,000 lbs. (3 632 kg)
7.4L 3.73 8,500 lbs. (3 859 kg)
4.10 10,500 lbs.* (4 767 kg)
*Fifth
-wheel hitch rating; weight-distributing hitch
rating is limited to 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg).

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C-3500 (2WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.7L 4.10 7,500 lbs. (3 405 kg)
4.56 9,000 lbs. (4 086 kg)
6.5L Diesel 4.10 8,000 lbs. (3 632 kg)
7.4L 4.10 10,500 lbs.* (4 767 kg)
4.56 12,500 lbs.* (5 675 kg)
*Fifth
-wheel hitch rating; weight-distributing hitch
rating is limited to 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg).
K
-3500 (4WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.7L 4.10 7,000 lbs. (3 178 kg)
6.5L Diesel 4.10 7,500 lbs. (3 405 kg)
7.4L 4.10 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg)
4.56 12,000 lbs.* (5 448 kg)
*Fifth
-wheel hitch rating; weight-distributing hitch
rating is limited to 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg).C
-3500 Crew Cab (2WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.7L 4.10 7,000 lbs. (3 178 kg)
4.56 8,500 lbs. (3 859 kg)
6.5L Diesel 4.10 8,000 lbs. (3 632 kg)
7.4L 4.10 10,500 lbs.* (4 767 kg)
4.56 12,500 lbs.* (5 675 kg)
*Fifth
-wheel hitch rating; weight-distributing hitch
rating is limited to 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg).
K
-3500 Crew Cab (4WD)
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
5.7L 4.10 6,500 lbs. (2 951 kg)
4.56 8,000 lbs. (3 632 kg)
6.5L Diesel 4.10 7,500 lbs. (3 405 kg)
7.4L 4.10 10,000 lbs.* (4 540 kg)
4.56 12,000 lbs.* (5 448 kg)
*Fifth
-wheel hitch rating; weight-distributing hitch
rating is limited to 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg).

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C-3500 HD Chassis Cab
Engine (Trans.) Axle Ratio Max. Trailer Wt.
6.5L Diesel
(Auto.)4.63 9,000 lbs. (4 086 kg)
5.13 10,000 lbs.* (4 540 kg)
7.4L 4.63 12,000 lbs.* (5 448 kg)
5.13 12,000 lbs.* (5 448 kg)
*Fifth
-wheel hitch rating; weight-distributing hitch
rating is limited to 10,000 lbs. (4 540 kg).
You can ask your dealer for our trailering information or
advice, or you can write us at the address listed in your
Warranty and Owner Assistance Information Booklet.
In Canada, write to:
General Motors of Canada Limited
Customer Communication Centre
1908 Colonel Sam Drive
Oshawa, Ontario L1H 8P7
Weight of the Trailer Tongue
The tongue load (A) of any trailer is an important
weight to measure because it affects the total or gross
weight of your vehicle. The Gross Vehicle Weight
(GVW) includes the curb weight of the vehicle, any
cargo you may carry in it, and the people who will be
riding in the vehicle. And if you will tow a trailer, you
must add the tongue load to the GVW because your
vehicle will be carrying that weight, too. See ªLoading
Your Vehicleº in the Index for more information about
your vehicle's maximum load capacity.

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If you're using a weight-carrying hitch, the trailer
tongue (A) should weigh 10 percent of the total loaded
trailer weight (B). If you're using a weight
-distributing
hitch, the trailer tongue (A) should weigh 12 percent of
the total loaded trailer weight (B).
After you've loaded your trailer, weigh the trailer and
then the tongue, separately, to see if the weights are
proper. If they aren't, you may be able to get them right
simply by moving some items around in the trailer.
Total Weight on Your Vehicle's Tires
Be sure your vehicle's tires are inflated to the upper
limit for cold tires. You'll find these numbers on the
Certification label at the rear edge of the driver's door or
see ªTire Loadingº in the Index. Then be sure you don't
go over the GVW limit for your vehicle, including the
weight of the trailer tongue.
Hitches
It's important to have the correct hitch equipment.
Crosswinds, large trucks going by and rough roads are
a few reasons why you'll need the right hitch. Here are
some rules to follow:

If you use a step
-bumper hitch, your bumper could
be damaged in sharp turns. Make sure you have
ample room when turning to avoid contact between
the trailer and the bumper.

If you'll be pulling a trailer that, when loaded, will
weigh more than the capacity stamped on your step
bumper, be sure to use a properly mounted,
weight
-distributing hitch and sway control of the
proper size. This equipment is very important for
proper vehicle loading and good handling when
you're driving.