remote start GMC SIERRA 2018 Owner's Guide

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
OnStar 481
Security
If equipped, OnStar provides these
services:
.With Stolen Vehicle Assistance,
OnStar Advisors can use GPS to
pinpoint the vehicle and help
authorities quickly recover it.
. With Remote Ignition Block,
if equipped, OnStar can block
the engine from being restarted.
. With Stolen Vehicle Slowdown,
if equipped, OnStar can work
with law enforcement to
gradually slow the vehicle down.
Theft Alarm Notification
If equipped, if the doors are locked
and the vehicle alarm sounds, a
notification by text, e-mail, or phone
call will be sent. If the vehicle is
stolen, an OnStar Advisor can work
with authorities to recover the
vehicle.
Navigation
OnStar navigation requires a
specific OnStar service plan. Press
Qto receive Turn-by-Turn
directions or have them sent to the
vehicle’s navigation screen,
if equipped.
Turn-by-Turn Navigation
1. PressQto connect to an
Advisor.
2. Request directions to be downloaded to the vehicle.
3. Follow the voice-guided commands.
Using Voice Commands
During a Planned Route
Functionality of the Voice Command
button may vary by vehicle and
region. For some vehicles, press
=
to open the OnStar app on the
infotainment display. For other
vehicles press
=as follows.
Cancel Route
1. Press
=. System responds:
“OnStar ready,” then a tone. 2. Say
“Cancel route.” System
responds: “Do you want to
cancel directions?”
3. Say “Yes.”System responds:
“OK, request completed, thank
you, goodbye.”
Route Preview
1. Press
=. System responds:
“OnStar ready,” then a tone.
2. Say “Route preview.” System
responds with the next three
maneuvers.
Repeat
1. Press
=. System responds:
“OnStar ready,” then a tone.
2. Say “Repeat.” System
responds with the last direction
given, then responds with
“OnStar ready,” then a tone.
Get My Destination
1. Press
=. System responds:
“OnStar ready,” then a tone.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
OnStar 483
OnStar Advisor. On some vehicles,
Wi-Fi can also be managed from the
Wi-Fi Hotspot menu.
MyGMC Mobile App (If Available)
Download the myGMC mobile app
to compatible Apple and Android
smartphones. GMC users can
access the following services from a
smartphone:
.Remotely start/stop the vehicle,
if factory-equipped.
. Lock/unlock doors, if equipped
with automatic locks.
. Activate the horn and lamps.
. Check the vehicle’s fuel level, oil
life, or tire pressure,
if factory-equipped with the Tire
Pressure Monitor System.
. Send destinations to the vehicle.
. Locate the vehicle on a map
(U.S. market only).
. Turn the vehicle's Wi-Fi hotspot
on/off, manage settings, and
monitor data consumption,
if equipped. .
Locate a dealer and schedule
service.
. Request roadside assistance.
. Set a parking reminder with pin
drop, take a photo, make a note,
and set a timer.
. Connect with GMC on social
media.
For myGMC mobile app information
and compatibility, see
www.my.gmc.com.
An active OnStar service,
compatible device, factory-installed
remote start, and power locks are
required. Data rates apply. See
onstar.com for details and system
limitations.
Remote Services
Contact an OnStar Advisor to
unlock the doors or sound the horn
and flash the lamps.
OnStar AtYourService
OnStar Advisors can provide offers
from restaurants and retailers on
your route, help locate hotels,
or book a room. These services
vary by market.
OnStar Hands-Free Calling
Make and receive calls with the
built-in wireless calling service,
which requires available minutes.
Functionality of the Voice Command
button may vary by vehicle and
region. For some vehicles, press
=
to open the OnStar app on the
infotainment display, then select
Hands-Free calling. For other
vehicles press
=as follows.
Make a Call
1. Press
=. System responds:
“OnStar ready.”
2. Say “Call.”System responds:
“Call. Please say the name or
number to call.”

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
484 OnStar
3. Say the entire number withoutpausing, including a “1”and the
area code. System responds:
“OK, calling.”
Calling 911 Emergency
1. Press=. System responds:
“OnStar ready.”
2. Say “Call.”System responds:
“Call. Please say the name or
number to call.”
3. Say “911”without pausing.
System responds: “911.”
4. Say “Call.”System responds:
“OK, dialing 911.”
Retrieve My Number
1. Press=. System responds:
“OnStar ready.”
2. Say “My number.” System
responds: “Your OnStar
Hands-Free Calling number is,”
then says the number.
End a Call
Press=. System responds: “Call
ended.”
Verify Minutes and Expiration
Press=and say “Minutes” then
“Verify” to check how many minutes
remain and their expiration date.
Diagnostics
By monitoring and reporting on the
vehicle’s key systems, OnStar
Advanced Diagnostics provides a
way to keep up on maintenance.
Capabilities vary by model. See
www.onstar.com for details and
system limitations. Message and
data rates may apply.
Includes:
. Diagnostic Alerts: Set
preferences to receive real-time
e-mails, texts, or monthly
reports of the vehicle’s health.
Or press
Qto have an Advisor
initiate a remote diagnostic
report. .
Proactive Alerts: Receive a
real-time e-mail or text message
regarding potential issues with
key vehicle components, such
as the battery, fuel system,
or starter system. Alerts for
potential issues appear on the
infotainment display. Proactive
Alerts are designed to help
predict specific types of issues
based on information collected
from the vehicle. Other factors
may affect vehicle performance.
Not all issues will deliver alerts.
In some cases, a dealer service
check may be required to
confirm the accuracy of the
alerts.
. Dealer Maintenance Notification:
Have the vehicle notify your
preferred dealer when it is time
for maintenance. Your dealer will
then contact you to set up an
appointment.
To begin, pressQto speak to an
Advisor, or see www.onstar.com.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
486 OnStar
services. Service involving location
information about the vehicle cannot
work unless GPS signals are
available, unobstructed, and
compatible with the OnStar
hardware. OnStar services may not
work if the OnStar equipment is not
properly installed or it has not been
properly maintained. If equipment or
software is added, connected,
or modified, OnStar services may
not work. Other problems beyond
the control of OnStar—such as
hills, tall buildings, tunnels, weather,
electrical system design and
architecture of the vehicle, damage
to the vehicle in a crash, or wireless
phone network congestion or
jamming —may prevent service.
See Radio Frequency Statement
0 475.
Services for People with
Disabilities
Advisors provide services to help
with physical disabilities and
medical conditions. Press
Qto help:
. Locate a gas station with an
attendant to pump gas.
. Find a hotel, restaurant, etc.,
that meets accessibility needs.
. Provide directions to the closest
hospital or pharmacy in urgent
situations.
TTY Users
OnStar has the ability to
communicate to deaf,
hard-of-hearing, or speech-impaired
customers while in the vehicle. The
available dealer-installed TTY
system can provide in-vehicle
access to all OnStar services,
except Virtual Advisor and OnStar
Turn-by-Turn Navigation.
OnStar Personal Identification
Number (PIN)
A PIN is needed to access some
OnStar services. The PIN will need
to be changed the first time when
speaking with an Advisor. To change the OnStar PIN, contact an
OnStar Advisor by pressing
Qor
calling 1-888-4ONSTAR.
Warranty
OnStar equipment may be
warranted as part of the vehicle
warranty.
Languages
The vehicle can be programmed to
respond in multiple languages.
Press
Qand ask for an Advisor.
Advisors are available in English,
Spanish, and French. Available
languages may vary by country.
Potential Issues
OnStar cannot perform Remote
Door Unlock or Stolen Vehicle
Assistance after the vehicle has
been off continuously for 10 days
without an ignition cycle. If the
vehicle has not been started for
10 days, OnStar can contact
Roadside Assistance or a locksmith
to help gain access to the vehicle.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
496 Index
General Information (cont'd)Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
GM Mobility Reimbursement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
H
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . 180
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
HeadlampsAiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Daytime RunningLamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . 157
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . 179
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . 157
Heated Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Heated and Ventilated Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Heater
Engine Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224, 226, 228
High Voltage Devices and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
High-Speed Operation . . . . . . . . . . 399
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . 245
Hill Descent Control (HDC) . . . . . 284
Hill Descent Control Light . . . . . . . 153
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . 282
Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224, 226, 228
I
Idle System Fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Ignition Transmission Lock Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Indicator Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Infants and Young Children,
Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Instrument Panel Storage Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . 51
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
J
Jack Auxiliary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Jump Starting - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
K
Keyless EntryRemote (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . 37
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . . . 391
Lamps Auxiliary RoofMounted Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Daytime Running (DRL) . . . . . . 179
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
Index 499
Parking (cont'd)Over Things That Burn . . . . . . . 264
Parking Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Parking or Backing Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . 289
Passenger Airbag Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Passenger Compartment Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . 86
Perchlorate Materials Requirements, California . . . . . . 343
Personalization Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Phone Apple CarPlay andAndroid Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211, 213
Pickup Conversion to Chassis Cab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Port USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Power
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Protection, Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Retained Accessory (RAP) . . . 260 Power (cont'd)
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Power Assist Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Pregnancy, Using Seat Belts . . . . 74
Privacy Vehicle Data Recording . . . . . . . 477
Program
Courtesy Transportation . . . . . . 471
Proposition 65 Warning,
California . . . . . . . . . . . .343, 369, 426, Back Cover
R
Radio Frequency Statement . . . . 475
Radio Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Radios
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Reading Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 68
Rear Vision Camera (RVC) . . . . . 289
Rear Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Rearview Mirrors (cont'd)
Automatic Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Recognition Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Records Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Recreational Vehicle Towing . . . . 430
Reimbursement Program, GM Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Remote Vehicle Start . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Replacement Parts Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Replacing Airbag System . . . . . . . . 92
Replacing LATCH System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Replacing Seat Belt System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Reporting Safety Defects Canadian Government . . . . . . . . 476
General Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
U.S. Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
Index 501
StabiliTrakOFF Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Start Assist, Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Start Vehicle, Remote . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Fluid, Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Heated Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Wheel Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Wheel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Steps Power Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Stoplamps and Back-up Lamps Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Storage Areas
Center Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Floor Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Instrument Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Sunglasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Storage Compartments . . . . . . . . . 124
Struts Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Stuck Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Sun Visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Sunglass Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Switches
Airbag On-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
System Forward CollisionAlert (FCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186, 478
Noise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Systems Driver Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
T
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Tailgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
TaillampsBulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Text Telephone (TTY) Users . . . . 468
Theft-Deterrent Systems . . . . . . . . . 46
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Throttle, Adjustable . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 All-Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
All-Terrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Tires (cont'd)
Different Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Full-Size Spare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Low Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397, 399
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Pressure Monitor Operation . . 400
Pressure Monitor System . . . . . 399
Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Terminology and Definitions . . 395
Uniform Tire Quality
Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411
Wheel Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 412
When It Is Time for New
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Tow/Haul Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Tow/Haul Mode Light . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Towing Driving Characteristics . . . . . . . . 303
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
General Information . . . . . . . . . . 303
Recreational Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . 430

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349177) - 2018 - CRC - 10/17/17
502 Index
Towing (cont'd)Trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Trailer Sway Control (TSC) . . . 334
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Traction Control System (TCS)/StabiliTrak Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Off Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Traction Control/Electronic
Stability Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Trademarks and License Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Trailer Sway Control (TSC) . . . . . . . . . . 334
Tow Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Transfer Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Transmission Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Fluid, Automatic . . . . . . . . . 354, 357
Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . 145
Transportation Program, Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Truck-Camper Loading Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Turn and Lane-Change Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Turn Signal
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
U
Uniform Tire Quality Grading . . . 410
Universal Remote System . . . . . . 172Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Updates Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
USB Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
V
Vehicle Alarm System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Canadian Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Identification Number (VIN) . . . 460
Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Personalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Remote Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Speed Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Vehicle Ahead Indicator . . . . . . . . 154 Vehicle Care
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Vehicle Data Recording and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Ventilation, Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Voice Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Voltage Devices and Wiring . . . . 380
Voltmeter Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
W
Warning Brake System Light . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Caution and Danger . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Lane Departure (LDW) . . . . . . . 295
Warning Lights, Gauges, and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Warnings Hazard Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Wheels Alignment and Tire Balance . . .411
Different Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
When It Is Time for New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Where to Put the Restraint . . . . . . 98
Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482