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GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
202 Climate Controls
.Clear snow off the hood to improve
visibility and help decrease moisture
drawn into the vehicle.
.Keep the path under the front seats clear
of objects to help circulate the air inside
of the vehicle more effectively.
.Use of non-GM approved hood deflectors
can adversely affect system performance.
Check with your dealer before adding
equipment to the outside of the vehicle.
.Do not attach any devices to the air vent
slats. Doing so restricts airflow and may
cause damage to the air vents.
Maintenance
Passenger Compartment Air Filter
The filter reduces the dust, pollen, and other
airborne irritants from outside air that is
pulled into the vehicle.
The filter should be replaced as part of
routine scheduled maintenance. See
Maintenance Schedule0425. To find out
what type of filter to use, see Maintenance
Replacement Parts 0435.
1. Open the lower glove box door
completely.
2. Push the dampener arm to the left untilit releases the glove box.
3. Press the sides of the glove box doorinward and rotate the door downward to
remove.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Driving and Operating 219
Using heavier suspension components
to get added durability might not
change the weight ratings. Ask your
dealer to help load the vehicle the
right way.
{Warning
Things you put inside the vehicle can
strike and injure people in a sudden
stop or turn, or in a crash.
.Put things in the cargo area of the
vehicle. Try to spread the weight
evenly.
.Never stack heavier things, like
suitcases, inside the vehicle so
that some of them are above the
tops of the seats.
.Do not leave an unsecured child
restraint in the vehicle.
.When you carry something inside
the vehicle, secure it whenever
you can.
.Do not leave a seat folded down
unless you need to. There is also important loading
information for off-road driving in this
manual. See
“Loading the Vehicle for
Off-Road Driving“ underOff-Road
Driving 0208.
Two-Tiered Loading
Depending on the model of the pickup,
an upper load platform can be created
by positioning three or four 5 cm (2 in)
by 15 cm (6 in) wooden planks across
the width of the pickup box. The planks
must be inserted in the pickup box
depressions.
When using this upper load platform,
be sure the load is securely tied down
to prevent it from shifting. The load's
center of gravity should be positioned
in a zone over the rear axle. The zone is
located in the area between the front
of each wheel well and the rear of each
wheel well. The center of gravity height
must not extend above the top of the
pickup box flareboard. Any load that extends beyond the
vehicle's taillamp area must be properly
marked according to local laws and
regulations.
Remember not to exceed the Gross Axle
Weight Rating (GAWR) of the front or
rear axle.
Add-On Equipment
When carrying removable items, a limit
on how many people carried inside the
vehicle may be necessary. Be sure to
weigh the vehicle before buying and
installing the new equipment.
Caution
Overloading the vehicle may cause
damage. Repairs would not be covered by
the vehicle warranty. Do not overload the
vehicle.
Remember not to exceed the Gross Axle
Weight Rating (GAWR) of the front or
rear axle.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
374 Vehicle Care
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of
the fuses, relays, and features shown.Fuses Usage
F1 Rear Heated Seats Left/ Right
F3 –
F4 –
F5 Spare
F6 Heated and Ventilated Seats Left/Right
F8 –
F9 EOCM –End Object Control
Module/Park Assist
F10 –
F11 –
F12 Passenger Power Seat
F13 –
F14 Data Link Connector F15 –
F16 AMP F17 MFEG - Multifunction Endgate Control
F18 –
F20 Endgate Fuses
Usage
F22 Rear Sliding Window
F23 Driver and Passenger Memory Seat Module
F24 –
F25 –
F26 –
F27 –
Circuit
Breakers Usage
CB1 –
Relays Usage
K1 Rear Sliding Window Open
K2 Rear Sliding Window Close
K3 MFEG –Multifunction
Endgate Control High
K4 –
K5 MFEG –Multifunction
Endgate Control Minor
K6 MFEG –Multifunction
Endgate Control Low

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
382 Vehicle Care
(7) Service Description:The service
description indicates the load index and
speed rating of a tire. If two numbers
are given as in the example, 120/116,
then this represents the load index for
single versus dual wheel usage (single/
dual). The speed rating is the maximum
speed a tire is certified to carry a load.
Tire Terminology and Definitions
Air Pressure:The amount of air inside
the tire pressing outward on each
square inch of the tire. Air pressure is
expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi
(pounds per square inch).
Accessory Weight
:The combined
weight of optional accessories. Some
examples of optional accessories are
automatic transmission, power
windows, power seats, and air
conditioning.
Aspect Ratio
:The relationship of a
tire's height to its width. Belt
:A rubber coated layer of cords
between the plies and the tread. Cords
may be made from steel or other
reinforcing materials.
Bead
:The tire bead contains steel
wires wrapped by steel cords that hold
the tire onto the rim.
Bias Ply Tire
:A pneumatic tire in which
the plies are laid at alternate angles
less than 90 degrees to the centerline
of the tread.
Cold Tire Pressure
:The amount of air
pressure in a tire, measured in kPa
(kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square
inch) before a tire has built up heat
from driving. See Tire Pressure0384.
Curb Weight
:The weight of a motor
vehicle with standard and optional
equipment including the maximum
capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but
without passengers and cargo.
DOT Markings
:A code molded into the
sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire
is in compliance with the U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The
DOT code includes the Tire Identification
Number (TIN), an alphanumeric
designator which can also identify the
tire manufacturer, production plant,
brand, and date of production.
GVWR
:Gross Vehicle Weight Rating.
See Vehicle Load Limits 0215.
GAWR FRT
:Gross Axle Weight Rating
for the front axle. See Vehicle Load
Limits 0215.
GAWR RR
:Gross Axle Weight Rating
for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load
Limits 0215.
Intended Outboard Sidewall
:The side
of an asymmetrical tire that must
always face outward when mounted on
a vehicle.
Kilopascal (kPa)
:The metric unit for air
pressure.
Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire
:A tire used
on light duty trucks and some
multipurpose passenger vehicles.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Vehicle Care 391
{Warning
Do not apply grease to the wheel
mounting surface, wheel conical
seats, or the wheel nuts or bolts.
Grease applied to these areas could
cause a wheel to become loose or
come off, resulting in a crash.
When It Is Time for New Tires
Factors, such as maintenance, temperatures,
driving speeds, vehicle loading, and road
conditions affect the wear rate of the tires.
Treadwear indicators are one way to tell
when it is time for new tires. Treadwear
indicators appear when the tires have only 1.6 mm (1/16 in) or less of tread remaining.
See
Tire Inspection 0389 and
Tire Rotation 0390 for additional
information.
The rubber in tires ages over time. This also
applies to the spare tire, if the vehicle has
one, even if it is never used. Multiple factors
including temperatures, loading conditions,
and inflation pressure maintenance affect
how fast aging takes place. GM recommends
that tires, including the spare if equipped,
be replaced after six years, regardless of
tread wear. To identify the age of a tire, use
the tire manufacture date, which is the last
four digits of the DOT Tire Identification
Number (TIN) molded into one side of the
tire sidewall. The last four digits of the TIN
indicate the tire manufactured date. The
first two digits represent the week and the
last two digits, the year. For example, the
third week of the year 2020 would have a
4-digit DOT date of 0320. Week 01 is the
first full week (Sunday through Saturday) of
each year.
Vehicle Storage
Tires age when stored normally mounted on
a parked vehicle. Park a vehicle that will be
stored for at least a month in a cool, dry,
clean area away from direct sunlight to slow aging. This area should be free of grease,
gasoline, or other substances that can
deteriorate rubber.
Parking for an extended period can cause
flat spots on the tires that may result in
vibrations while driving. When storing a
vehicle for at least a month, remove the
tires or raise the vehicle to reduce the
weight from the tires.
Buying New Tires
GM has developed and matched specific
tires for the vehicle. The original
equipment tires installed were designed
to meet General Motors Tire
Performance Criteria Specification (TPC
Spec) system rating. When replacement
tires are needed, GM strongly
recommends buying tires with the same
TPC Spec rating.
GM's exclusive TPC Spec system
considers over a dozen critical
specifications that impact the overall
performance of the vehicle, including
brake system performance, ride and
handling, traction control, and tire
pressure monitoring performance. GM's

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Vehicle Care 397
Tire Changing
Removing the Spare Tire and Tools
1. Jack
2. Jack Knob
3. Tool Kit
4. Wing Nut Retaining Tool Kit
5. Wheel Blocks
6. Wing Nut Retaining Wheel Blocks
The equipment is under the second row
seats, if equipped, or behind the front row
seats on regular cab models.1. Turn the knob on the jack counterclockwise to lower the jack head
to release the jack from its holder. 2. Turn the wing nut counterclockwise to
remove the wheel blocks and the wheel
block retainer.
3. Turn the wing nut used to retain the storage bag and tools counterclockwise
to remove it.
Use the jack handle extensions and the
wheel wrench to remove the
underbody-mounted spare tire.1. Spare Tire (Valve Stem Pointed Down)
2. Tire/Wheel Retainer
3. Hoist Cable
4. Hoist Assembly
5. Hoist Shaft
6. Jack Handle Extensions 7. Wheel Wrench
8. Hoist Shaft Access Hole Cover
9. Hoist Shaft Access Hole
10. Hoist End of Extension Tool
1. Open the Hoist Shaft Access Hole Cover
on the rear bumper (8).
2. Assemble the wheel wrench (7) and thetwo jack handle extensions (6), as shown.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
402 Vehicle Care
11. Tighten each wheel nut by hand. Thenuse the wheel wrench to tighten the
nuts until the wheel is held against
the hub.
12. Turn the wheel wrench counterclockwise to lower the vehicle. Lower the jack
completely.
{Warning
If wheel studs are damaged, they can
break. If all the studs on a wheel broke,
the wheel could come off and cause a
crash. If any stud is damaged because of
a loose-running wheel, it could be that all
of the studs are damaged. To be sure,
replace all studs on the wheel. If the stud
holes in a wheel have become larger, the
wheel could collapse in operation. Replace
any wheel if its stud holes have become
larger or distorted in any way. Inspect
hubs and hub‐piloted wheels for damage.
Because of loose running wheels, piloting
pad damage may occur and require
replacement of the entire hub, for proper
centering of the wheels. When replacing
studs, hubs, wheel nuts or wheels, be
sure to use GM original equipment parts.
{Warning
Wheel nuts that are improperly or
incorrectly tightened can cause the
wheels to become loose or come off. The
wheel nuts should be tightened with a
torque wrench to the proper torque
specification after replacing. Follow the
torque specification supplied by the
aftermarket manufacturer when using
accessory locking wheel nuts. See
Capacities and Specifications 0439 for
original equipment wheel nut torque
specifications.
Caution
Improperly tightened wheel nuts can lead
to brake pulsation and rotor damage. To
avoid expensive brake repairs, evenly
tighten the wheel nuts in the proper
sequence and to the proper torque
specification. See Capacities and
Specifications 0439 for the wheel nut
torque specification.
13. Tighten the nuts firmly in a crisscross sequence, as shown, by turning the
wheel wrench clockwise.
When reinstalling the regular wheel and tire,
also reinstall either the center cap,
or bolt-on hub cap, depending on what the
vehicle is equipped with. For center caps,
place the cap on the wheel and tap it into
place until it seats flush with the wheel. The
cap only goes on one way. Be sure to line
up the tab on the center cap with the
indentation on the wheel. For bolt-on hub
caps, align the plastic nut caps with the
wheel nuts and then tighten by hand. Then
use the wheel wrench to tighten.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Vehicle Care 421
3. Start on the outside edge of the soil andgently rub toward the center. Fold the
cleaning cloth to a clean area frequently
to prevent forcing the soil into the
fabric.
4. Continue gently rubbing the soiled area until there is no longer any color
transfer from the soil to the cleaning
cloth.
5. If the soil is not completely removed, use a mild soap solution followed only
by plain water.
If the soil is not completely removed, it may
be necessary to use a commercial upholstery
cleaner or spot lifter. Test a small hidden
area for colorfastness before using a
commercial upholstery cleaner or spot lifter.
If ring formation occurs, clean the entire
fabric or carpet.
After cleaning, use a paper towel to blot
excess moisture.
Cleaning High Gloss Surfaces and Vehicle
Information and Radio Displays
Use a microfiber cloth on high gloss surfaces
or vehicle displays. First, use a soft bristle
brush to remove dirt that can scratch the
surface. Then gently clean by rubbing with a
microfiber cloth. Never use window cleaners or solvents. Periodically hand wash the
microfiber cloth separately, using mild soap.
Do not use bleach or fabric softener. Rinse
thoroughly and air dry before next use.
Caution
Do not attach a device with a suction cup
to the display. This may cause damage
and would not be covered by the vehicle
warranty.
Instrument Panel, Leather, Vinyl, Other
Plastic Surfaces, Low Gloss Paint
Surfaces, and Natural Open Pore Wood
Surfaces
Use a soft bristle brush to remove dust from
knobs and crevices on the instrument
cluster. Use a soft microfiber cloth
dampened with water to remove dust and
loose dirt. For a more thorough cleaning,
use a soft microfiber cloth dampened with a
mild soap and water solution.
Caution
Soaking or saturating leather, especially
perforated leather, as well as other
interior surfaces, may cause permanent
damage. Wipe excess moisture from
(Continued)
Caution (Continued)
these surfaces after cleaning and allow
them to dry naturally. Never use heat,
steam, or spot removers. Do not use
liquids that contain alcohol or solvents on
leather seats. Do not use cleaners that
contain silicone or wax-based products.
Cleaners containing these solvents can
permanently change the appearance and
feel of leather or soft trim, and are not
recommended.
Do not use cleaners that increase gloss,
especially on the instrument panel. Reflected
glare can decrease visibility through the
windshield under certain conditions.
Caution
Use of air fresheners may cause
permanent damage to plastics and
painted surfaces. If an air freshener
comes in contact with any plastic or
painted surface in the vehicle, blot
immediately and clean with a soft cloth
dampened with a mild soap solution.
Damage caused by air fresheners would
not be covered by the vehicle warranty.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Index 461
IndexA
Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Active Fuel Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Adaptive Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Adding a Snow Plow or SimilarEquipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Additional Information OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Additional Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . .431
Adjustments Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Agreements
Trademarks and License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196, 198
Air Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Air Filter, Passenger Compartment . . . . . . . 202
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Airbag System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
How Does an Airbag Restrain? . . . . . . . . . . 65
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . 65
What Will You See after an AirbagInflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Airbag System (cont'd)
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . 64
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Airbags Adding Equipment to the Vehicle . . . . . . . 70
Passenger Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . 70
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Alarm Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Alert
Lane Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Rear Cross Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Rear Pedestrian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Side Blind Zone (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
All-Terrain Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161, 163
Antenna Multi-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Apple CarPlay and Android Auto . . . . . 182, 183
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Index 465
FluidAutomatic Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System . . . . 293
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Drive Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Drive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Frequency Statement Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Front Fog Lamp
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Front Pedestrian Braking (FPB) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Front Seats Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Heated and Ventilated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Economy, Driving for Better . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Filling a Portable Fuel Container . . . . . . . 308
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306, 307
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Fuel (cont'd)
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Management, Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Prohibited Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304, 305
Top Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Full-Size Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Fuses Engine Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . 370
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . 373, 375
G
Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Gauges
Engine Coolant Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Transmission Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Warning Lights and Indicators . . . . . . . . . 108 General Information
Service and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Glass Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Global Positioning System (GPS) . . . . . . . . . . 171
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
GM Mobility Reimbursement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Guidance Problems with the Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
H
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Head-up Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Headlamps
Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . 147
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Heated Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54