seat adjustment GMC SIERRA 2022 Owners Manual

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Introduction 5
1. Tow/Haul Mode (On Some Models). SeeDriver Mode Control 0249.
Automatic Transfer Case Control (If
Equipped). See Four-Wheel Drive 0240.
Driver Mode Control 0249 (If Equipped).
2. Air Vents 0201.
3. Head-Up Display (HUD) 0132 (If
Equipped).
4. Turn Signal Lever. See Turn and
Lane-Change Signals 0149.
Windshield Wiper/Washer 0102.
5. Instrument Cluster (Base Level) 0109 or
Instrument Cluster (Uplevel) 0110.
6. Shift Lever. See Automatic Transmission
(Mechanical Shifter) 0231 or
Automatic Transmission (Electronic
Shifter) 0233.
Range Selection Mode. See Manual Mode
(Mechanical Shifter) 0237 or
Manual Mode (Electronic Shifter) 0239.
7. Light Sensor. See Automatic Headlamp
System 0147.
Vehicle Alarm System. See Vehicle
Security 031.
8. Infotainment Controls. See Overview
(Uplevel Radio) 0157 or
Overview (Base Radio) 0156. 9.
Climate Control Systems 0196 (If
Equipped).
Dual Automatic Climate Control System
0 198 (If Equipped).
10. Heated and Ventilated Front Seats 052
(If Equipped).
11. Lane Keep Assist (LKA) 0302 (If
Equipped).
Park Assist Switch (If Equipped). See
Assistance Systems for Parking or Backing
0 283.
Auto Stop Disable Switch (If Equipped).
See Stop/Start System 0225.
Power Release Tailgate (If Equipped). See
Tailgate 023.
Hazard Warning Flashers 0148.
Traction Control/Electronic Stability
Control 0247.
Hill Descent Control Switch (If Equipped).
See Hill Descent Control (HDC) 0249.
Power Assist Steps 030 (If Equipped).
Express Window Down Button (If
Equipped). See Power Windows 040.
Tow/Haul Mode 0240 (On Some
Models). Exhaust Brake (If Equipped). See Duramax
Diesel Supplement.
Power Take-Off (PTO) (If Equipped). See
Duramax Diesel Supplement.
12. Power Outlet (Alternating Current) (If Equipped). See Power Outlets0104.
13. Power Outlet (Direct Current) Power
Outlets 0104.
14. USB Port 0166.
15. Wireless Charging 0106 (If Equipped).
16. Trailer Brake Control Panel (If Equipped). See“Integrated Trailer Brake Control
System” underTowing Equipment 0317.
17. ENGINE START/STOP. See Ignition
Positions 0222.
18. Steering Wheel Controls 0101 (If
Equipped).
Driver Information Center (DIC) Controls.
See Driver Information Center (DIC) (Base
Level) 0128 or
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Uplevel)
0 130.
19. Horn 0102.
20. Hood Release. See Hood0343.
21. Steering Wheel Adjustment 0101 (Out
of View).

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
8 Introduction
1.Head-Up Display (HUD) 0132 (If
Equipped).
2. Air Vents 0201.
3. Turn Signal Lever. See Turn and
Lane-Change Signals 0149.
Windshield Wiper/Washer 0102.
4. Range Selection Mode. See Manual Mode
(Mechanical Shifter) 0237 or
Manual Mode (Electronic Shifter) 0239.
5. Instrument Cluster (Base Level) 0109 or
Instrument Cluster (Uplevel) 0110.
6. Infotainment Controls. See Overview
(Uplevel Radio) 0157 or
Overview (Base Radio) 0156.
7. Infotainment System. See Overview
(Uplevel Radio) 0157 or
Overview (Base Radio) 0156.
8. Light Sensor. See Automatic Headlamp
System 0147.
Vehicle Alarm System. See Vehicle
Security 031.
9. Upper Glove Box. See Glove Box096.
10. Lower Glove Box. See Glove Box096.
11. Upper Glove Box Button. See Glove Box
0 96. 12.
Lane Keep Assist (LKA) 0302.
Auto Stop Disable Switch (If Equipped).
See Stop/Start System 0225.
Power Release Tailgate (If Equipped). See
Tailgate 023.
Hazard Warning Flashers 0148.
Traction Control/Electronic Stability
Control 0247.
Hill Descent Control Switch (If Equipped).
See Hill Descent Control (HDC) 0249.
Power Assist Steps 030 (If Equipped).
Express Window Down Button (If
Equipped). See Power Windows 040.
Tow/Haul Mode 0240 (On Some
Models).
Exhaust Brake (If Equipped). See Duramax
Diesel Supplement.
Power Take-Off (PTO) (If Equipped). See
Duramax Diesel Supplement.
13. USB Port 0166.
14. Climate Control Systems 0196 (If
Equipped).
Dual Automatic Climate Control System
0 198 (If Equipped). Heated and Ventilated Front Seats
052
(If Equipped).
Heated Steering Wheel 0102 (If
Equipped).
15. Front Center Console Storage.
16. Cupholders 096.
17. Shift Lever. See Automatic Transmission
(Mechanical Shifter) 0231 or
Automatic Transmission (Electronic
Shifter) 0233.
18. Trailer Brake Control Panel (If Equipped). See“Integrated Trailer Brake Control
System” underTowing Equipment 0317.
19. ENGINE START/STOP. See Ignition
Positions 0222.
20. Steering Wheel Controls 0101.
Driver Information Center (DIC) Controls.
See Driver Information Center (DIC) (Base
Level) 0128 or
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Uplevel)
0 130.
21. Horn 0102.
22. Steering Wheel Adjustment 0101 (Out
of View).
23. Hood Release. See Hood0343.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Introduction 11
1.Air Vents 0201.
2. Head-Up Display (HUD) 0132 (If
Equipped).
3. Turn Signal Lever. See Turn and
Lane-Change Signals 0149.
Windshield Wiper/Washer 0102.
4. Range Selection Mode. See Manual Mode
(Mechanical Shifter) 0237 or
Manual Mode (Electronic Shifter) 0239.
5. Instrument Cluster (Base Level) 0109 or
Instrument Cluster (Uplevel) 0110.
6. Infotainment Controls. See Overview
(Uplevel Radio) 0157 or
Overview (Base Radio) 0156.
7. Infotainment System. See Overview
(Uplevel Radio) 0157 or
Overview (Base Radio) 0156.
8. Light Sensor. See Automatic Headlamp
System 0147.
Vehicle Alarm System. See Vehicle
Security 031.
9. Upper Glove Box Button. See Glove Box
0 96.
10. Upper Glove Box. See Glove Box096.
11. Lower Glove Box. See Glove Box096. 12.
Climate Control Systems 0196 (If
Equipped).
Dual Automatic Climate Control System
0 198 (If Equipped).
Heated and Ventilated Front Seats 052
(If Equipped).
Heated Steering Wheel 0102 (If
Equipped).
13. Lane Keep Assist (LKA) 0302.
Auto Stop Disable Switch (If Equipped).
See Stop/Start System 0225.
Power Release Tailgate (If Equipped). See
Tailgate 023.
Hazard Warning Flashers 0148.
Traction Control/Electronic Stability
Control 0247.
Hill Descent Control Switch (If Equipped).
See Hill Descent Control (HDC) 0249.
Power Assist Steps 030 (If Equipped).
Express Window Down Button (If
Equipped). See Power Windows 040.
Tow/Haul Mode 0240 (On Some
Models).
Exhaust Brake (If Equipped). See Duramax
Diesel Supplement. Power Take-Off (PTO) (If Equipped). See
Duramax Diesel Supplement.
14. Front Center Console Storage.
15. USB Port 0166.
16. Cupholders 096.
17. Trailer Brake Control Panel (If Equipped). See“Integrated Trailer Brake Control
System” underTowing Equipment 0317.
18. Shift Lever. See Automatic Transmission
(Mechanical Shifter) 0231 or
Automatic Transmission (Electronic
Shifter) 0233.
19. ENGINE START/STOP. See Ignition
Positions 0222.
20. Steering Wheel Controls 0101.
Driver Information Center (DIC) Controls.
See Driver Information Center (DIC) (Base
Level) 0128 or
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Uplevel)
0 130.
21. Horn 0102.
22. Hood Release. See Hood0343.
23. Steering Wheel Adjustment 0101 (Out
of View).

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
44 Seats and Restraints
Seats and Restraints
Head Restraints
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Front Seats
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Center Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Power Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Lumbar Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Massage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Memory Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Heated and Ventilated Front Seats . . . . . 52
Rear Seats
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Heated Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Seat Belts
Seat Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Buckle To Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly . . . . . . 56
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Seat Belt Use During Pregnancy . . . . . . . . 60
Seat Belt Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Safety System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Seat Belt Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Replacing Seat Belt System Parts after aCrash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Airbag System
Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . 64
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . 65
How Does an Airbag Restrain? . . . . . . . . . 65
What Will You See after an AirbagInflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Servicing the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Adding Equipment to the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Airbag System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Replacing Airbag System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Child Restraints
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Infants and Young Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Child Restraint Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Where to Put the Restraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children(LATCH System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Replacing LATCH System Parts After a Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Securing Child Restraints (With the Seat
Belt in the Rear Seat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Securing Child Restraints (With the Seat Belt in the Front Passenger Seat) . . . . . 93
Securing Child Restraints (With the Seat
Belt in the Center Front Seat) . . . . . . . . 95

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
46 Seats and Restraints
If you are installing a child restraint in the
rear seat, seeLower Anchors and Tethers for
Children (LATCH System) 078.
Center Headrest
The vehicle’s rear seat may be equipped
with a headrest in the center seating
position that cannot be adjusted.
If you are installing a child restraint in the
rear seat, see Lower Anchors and Tethers for
Children (LATCH System) 078.
Front Seats
Seat Adjustment
{Warning
You can lose control of the vehicle if you
try to adjust a driver seat while the
vehicle is moving. Adjust the driver seat
only when the vehicle is not moving.
To adjust a manual seat:
1. Pull the handle at the front of the seat.
2. Slide the seat to the desired position and release the handle.
3. Try to move the seat back and forth to be sure it is locked in place.
To adjust the seatback, see Reclining
Seatbacks 047.
To adjust the lumbar support, if equipped,
see Lumbar Adjustment 048.
Center Seat
If equipped, the center front seatback
doubles as an armrest and cupholder/
storage area for the driver and passenger
when the center front seat is not used.
Pull the strap on the side of the center
seatback to fold the center seatback. Do not
use the center seatback as a seating position
when the seatback is folded down.
To raise the seatback, push the seatback
rearward until it locks in the upright
position. Push and pull on the seatback to
make sure it is locked.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Seats and Restraints 47
Power Seat Adjustment
To adjust a power seat, if equipped:
.Move the seat forward or rearward by
sliding the control forward or rearward.
.Raise or lower the front part of the seat
cushion by moving the front of the
control up or down.
.Raise or lower the seat by moving the
rear of the control up or down.
To adjust the seatback, see Reclining
Seatbacks 047.
To adjust the lumbar support, see Lumbar
Adjustment 048. Some vehicles are equipped with a feature
that activates a vibrating pulse alert in the
driver seat to help the driver avoid crashes.
See
Driver Assistance Systems 0282.
Reclining Seatbacks
{Warning
Sitting in a reclined position when the
vehicle is in motion can be dangerous.
Even when buckled up, the seat belts
cannot do their job.
The shoulder belt will not be against
your body. Instead, it will be in front of
you. In a crash, you could go into it,
receiving neck or other injuries.
The lap belt could go up over your
abdomen. The belt forces would be there,
not at your pelvic bones. This could cause
serious internal injuries.
For proper protection when the vehicle is
in motion, have the seatback upright.
Then sit well back in the seat and wear
the seat belt properly.
Do not have a seatback reclined if the
vehicle is moving.
Manual Reclining Seatbacks
{Warning
If either seatback is not locked, it could
move forward in a sudden stop or crash.
That could cause injury to the person
sitting there. Always push and pull on
the seatbacks to be sure they are locked.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
48 Seats and Restraints
To adjust a manual seatback:1. Lift the lever. The seatback will automatically fold
forward.
2. To recline, move the seatback rearward to the desired position, then release the
lever to lock the seatback in place.
3. Push and pull on the seatback to make sure it is locked.
To return the seatback to the upright
position: 1. Lift the lever fully without applying pressure to the seatback, and the
seatback will return to the upright
position. 2. Push and pull on the seatback to make
sure it is locked.
Power Reclining Seatbacks
To recline a power seatback, if equipped:
.Tilt the top of the control rearward to
recline.
.Tilt the top of the control forward to
raise.
Lumbar Adjustment
To adjust the lumbar support, if equipped:
.Press and hold the front or rear of the
control to increase or decrease lumbar
support.
.If equipped, press and hold the top or
bottom of the control to raise or lower
lumbar support.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Seats and Restraints 49
Uplevel Seat Adjustment
To adjust lumbar support, if equipped:
.Press and release or hold Feature
Select (1) to scroll to lumbar support on
the infotainment display.
.Press Forward (5) or Rearward (3) to
adjust lumbar forward or rearward.
.Press Up (2) or Down (4) to adjust lumbar
up or down.
Bolster Support
To adjust bolster support, if equipped: Press and release or hold Feature Select (1)
to scroll to bolster support on the
infotainment display. Press Forward (5) or
Rearward (3) to adjust bolster support
inward or outward.
Upper Shoulder Support
To adjust upper shoulder support,
if equipped:
.Press and release or hold Feature
Select (1) to scroll to upper shoulder
support on the infotainment display.
.Press Forward (5) or Rearward (3) to
adjust shoulder support forward or
rearward.
Massage
If equipped, the vehicle must be on to use
the massage feature.
To activate and adjust massage:
.Turn the Feature Select (1) to scroll to
massage on the infotainment display.
.Press Up (2) or Down (4) to adjust
massage type.
.Press Forward (5) or Rearward (3) to
adjust the intensity.
.To turn massage off or to activate
massage at last massage type and
intensity settings, press the massage On/
Off Control (6).
The massage feature will turn off after
approximately 20 minutes. Press the
massage On/Off Control (6) to restart the
massage feature.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
Seats and Restraints 59
3. Push the latch plate into the buckle untilit clicks.
Pull up on the latch plate to make sure
it is secure. If the belt is not long
enough, see Seat Belt Extender 061.
Position the release button on the buckle
so that the seat belt could be quickly
unbuckled if necessary.
If equipped with a shoulder belt height
adjuster, move it to the height that is
right for you. See "Shoulder Belt Height
Adjuster" later in this section for
instructions on use and important safety
information.4. To make the lap part tight, pull up on the shoulder belt.
To unlatch the belt, push the button on the
buckle. The belt should return to its stowed
position.
Always stow the seat belt slowly. If the seat
belt webbing returns quickly to the stowed
position, the retractor may lock and cannot
be pulled out. If this happens, pull the seat
belt straight out firmly to unlock the
webbing, and then release it. If the webbing
is still locked in the retractor, see your
dealer.
Before a door is closed, be sure the seat belt
is out of the way. If a door is slammed
against a seat belt, damage can occur to
both the seat belt and the vehicle.
Shoulder Belt Height Adjuster
The vehicle may have a shoulder belt height
adjuster for the driver and front outboard
passenger positions.
Adjust the height so the shoulder portion of
the belt is on the shoulder and not falling
off of it. The belt should be close to, but not
contacting, the neck. Improper shoulder belt
height adjustment could reduce the
effectiveness of the seat belt in a crash. See
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly 056.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15883563) - 2022 - CRC - 11/19/21
100 Instruments and Controls
Instruments and Controls
Controls
Steering Wheel Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Steering Wheel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Heated Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Windshield Wiper/Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Power Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Wireless Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Warning Lights, Gauges, and Indicators
Warning Lights, Gauges, andIndicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Instrument Cluster (Base Level) . . . . . . . . 109
Instrument Cluster (Uplevel) . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Fuel Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Engine Oil Pressure Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . 115
Transmission Temperature Gauge (Uplevel only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Voltmeter Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Seat Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Airbag Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Passenger Airbag Status Indicator . . . . . . 118
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Check
Engine Light) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Brake System Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Electric Parking Brake Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Service Electric Parking Brake Light . . . . . 121
Antilock Brake System (ABS) Warning
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Four-Wheel-Drive Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Tow/Haul Mode Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Hill Descent Control Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Lane Keep Assist (LKA) Light . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) Disabled Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Vehicle Ahead Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Pedestrian Ahead Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Traction Off Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
StabiliTrak OFF Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Traction Control System (TCS)/ StabiliTrak Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Engine Coolant Temperature Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Driver Mode Control Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Tire Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Engine Oil Pressure Light (Uplevel Cluster) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Security Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Front Fog Lamp Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Cruise Control Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Door Ajar Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Information Displays
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Base
Level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Uplevel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Head-Up Display (HUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Vehicle Messages
Vehicle Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Engine Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Vehicle Speed Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Vehicle Personalization
Vehicle Personalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Universal Remote System
Universal Remote System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Universal Remote System Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Universal Remote System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144