bat fl INFINITI FX35 2004 Service Manual

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Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45MANIFOLD AND EXHAUST MANIFOLD ......... 147
SPARK PLUG ................................................... 147
CAMSHAFT AND CAMSHAFT BEARING ........ 148
CYLINDER HEAD ............................................. 150
CYLINDER BLOCK ........................................... 153
PISTON, PISTON RING AND PISTON PIN ...... 154
CONNECTING ROD ......................................... 155
CRANKSHAFT .................................................. 156
MAIN BEARING ................................................ 157
CONNECTING ROD BEARING ........................ 158
VK45DE
PRECAUTIONS ...................................................... 159
Precautions Necessary for Steering Wheel Rotation
After Battery Disconnect ...................................... 159
OPERATION PROCEDURE ............................. 159
Precautions for Drain Engine Coolant .................. 159
Precautions for Disconnecting Fuel Piping .......... 159
Precautions for Removal and Disassembly ......... 159
Precautions for Inspection, Repair and Replace-
ment ..................................................................... 159
Precautions for Assembly and Installation ........... 159
Parts Requiring Angle Tightening ......................... 160
Precautions for Liquid Gasket .............................. 160
REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET SEALING ...... 160
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE . 160
PREPARATION ....................................................... 162
Special Service Tools ........................................... 162
Commercial Service Tools .................................... 164
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................ 166
NVH Troubleshooting —Engine Noise ................. 166
Use the Chart Below to Help You Find the Cause
of the Symptom. ................................................... 167
ENGINE ROOM COVER ........................................ 168
Removal and Installation ...................................... 168
REMOVAL ......................................................... 168
INSTALLATION ................................................. 168
DRIVE BELTS ......................................................... 169
Checking Drive Belts ............................................ 169
Tension Adjustment .............................................. 169
Removal and Installation ...................................... 169
REMOVAL ......................................................... 169
INSTALLATION ................................................. 170
Drive Belt Auto Tensioner and Idler Pulley ........... 171
REMOVAL ......................................................... 171
INSTALLATION ................................................. 171
AIR CLEANER AND AIR DUCT ............................. 172
Removal and Installation ...................................... 172
REMOVAL ......................................................... 172
INSTALLATION ................................................. 172
Changing Air Cleaner Filter .................................. 173
REMOVAL ......................................................... 173
INSTALLATION ................................................. 173INTAKE MANIFOLD ...............................................174
Removal and Installation ......................................174
REMOVAL .........................................................174
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................176
INSTALLATION .................................................176
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............177
EXHAUST MANIFOLD AND THREE WAY CATA-
LYST ........................................................................178
Removal and Installation ......................................178
REMOVAL .........................................................178
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................180
INSTALLATION .................................................180
OIL PAN AND OIL STRAINER ...............................181
Removal and Installation ......................................181
REMOVAL .........................................................181
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................183
INSTALLATION .................................................183
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............183
IGNITION COIL .......................................................185
Removal and Installation ......................................185
REMOVAL .........................................................185
INSTALLATION .................................................185
SPARK PLUG (PLATINUM-TIPPED TYPE) ...........186
Removal and Installation ......................................186
REMOVAL .........................................................186
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................186
INSTALLATION .................................................187
FUEL INJECTOR AND FUEL TUBE ......................188
Removal and Installation ......................................188
REMOVAL .........................................................188
INSTALLATION .................................................190
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............192
ROCKER COVER ...................................................193
Removal and Installation ......................................193
REMOVAL .........................................................193
INSTALLATION .................................................195
TIMING CHAIN ........................................................196
Removal and Installation ......................................196
REMOVAL .........................................................197
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................201
INSTALLATION .................................................201
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............207
CAMSHAFT ............................................................208
Removal and Installation ......................................208
REMOVAL .........................................................208
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................209
INSTALLATION .................................................212
Valve Clearance ...................................................214
INSPECTION ....................................................214
ADJUSTMENT ..................................................217
OIL SEAL ................................................................221
Removal and Installation of Valve Oil Seal ...........221
REMOVAL .........................................................221
INSTALLATION .................................................221
Removal and Installation of Front Oil Seal ...........222
REMOVAL .........................................................222

PRECAUTIONS
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Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
[VQ35DE]PRECAUTIONSPFP:00001
Precautions Necessary for Steering Wheel Rotation After Battery DisconnectABS00B3I
NOTE:

This Procedure is applied only to models with Intelligent Key system and NVIS/IVIS (NISSAN/INFINITI
VEHICLE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM - NATS).

Remove and install all control units after disconnecting both battery cables with the ignition knob in the
″LOCK″ position.

Always use CONSULT-II to perform self-diagnosis as a part of each function inspection after finishing
work. If DTC is detected, perform trouble diagnosis according to self-diagnostic results.
For models equipped with the Intelligent Key system and NVIS/IVIS, an electrically controlled steering lock
mechanism is adopted on the key cylinder.
For this reason, if the battery is disconnected or if the battery is discharged, the steering wheel will lock and
steering wheel rotation will become impossible.
If steering wheel rotation is required when battery power is interrupted, follow the procedure below before
starting the repair operation.
OPERATION PROCEDURE
1. Connect both battery cables.
NOTE:
Supply power using jumper cables if battery is discharged.
2. Use the Intelligent Key or mechanical key to turn the ignition switch to the ″ACC″ position. At this time, the
steering lock will be released.
3. Disconnect both battery cables. The steering lock will remain released and the steering wheel can be
rotated.
4. Perform the necessary repair operation.
5. When the repair work is completed, return the ignition switch to the ″LOCK″ position before connecting
the battery cables. (At this time, the steering lock mechanism will engage.)
6. Perform a self-diagnosis check of all control units using CONSULT-II.
Precautions for Drain Engine CoolantABS005ZK
Drain engine coolant when engine is cooled.
Precautions for Disconnecting Fuel PipingABS005ZL

Before starting work, make sure no fire or spark producing items are in the work area.

Release fuel pressure before disconnecting and disassembly.

After disconnecting pipes, plug openings to stop fuel leakage.
Precautions for Removal and DisassemblyABS005ZM

When instructed to use special service tools, use the specified tools. Always be careful to work safely,
avoid forceful or uninstructed operations.

Exercise maximum care to avoid damage to mating or sliding surfaces.

Cover openings of engine system with tape or the equivalent, if necessary, to seal out foreign materials.

Mark and arrange disassembly parts in an organized way for easy troubleshooting and re-assembly.

When loosening nuts and bolts, as a basic rule, start with the one furthest outside, then the one diagonally
opposite, and so on. If the order of loosening is specified, do exactly as specified. Power tools may be
used where noted in the step.
Precautions for Inspection, Repair and ReplacementABS005ZN
Before repairing or replacing, thoroughly inspect parts. Inspect new replacement parts in the same way, and
replace if necessary.
Precautions for Assembly and InstallationABS005ZO

Use torque wrench to tighten bolts or nuts to specification.

EM-46
[VQ35DE]
FUEL INJECTOR AND FUEL TUBE
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
REMOVAL
1. Remove engine cover with power tool. Refer to EM-19, "INTAKE MANIFOLD COLLECTOR" .
2. Release fuel pressure. Refer to EC-51, "
FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE" .
3. Remove fuel feed hose (with damper) from fuel sub-tube.
NOTE:
There is no fuel return route.
CAUTION:

While hoses are disconnected, plug them to prevent fuel
from draining.

Do not separate damper and hose.
4. When separating fuel feed hose (with damper) and centralized under-floor piping connection, disconnect
quick connector as the following:
a. Remove quick connector cap from quick connector connection
on right member side.
b. Disconnect fuel feed hose (with damper) from bracket hose
clamp.
c. Disconnect quick connector from centralized under-floor piping as the following:
CAUTION:
Disconnect quick connector by using quick connector release [SST: — (J-45488)], not by picking
out retainer tabs.
i. With the sleeve side of quick connector release facing quick connector, install quick connector release
onto centralized under-floor piping.
ii. Insert quick connector release into quick connector until sleeve
contacts and goes no further. Hold quick connector release on
that position.
CAUTION:
Inserting quick connector release hard will not disconnect
quick connector. Hold quick connector release where it
contacts and goes no further.
iii. Draw and pull out quick connector straight from centralized
under-floor piping.
CAUTION:

Pull quick connector holding “A” position as shown in
the figure.

Do not pull with lateral force applied. O-ring inside quick connector may be damaged.

Prepare container and cloth beforehand as fuel will leak out.

Avoid fire and sparks.

Keep parts away from heat source. Especially, be careful when welding is performed around
them.

Do not expose parts to battery electrolyte or other acids.

Do not bend or twist connection between quick connector and fuel feed hose (with damper) dur-
ing installation/removal.
KBIA1293E
PBIC2083E
PBIC1898E

EM-54
[VQ35DE]
FRONT TIMING CHAIN CASE
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
FRONT TIMING CHAIN CASEPFP:13599
Removal and InstallationABS004X0
NOTE:

This section describes removal/installation procedure of front timing chain case and timing chain related
parts without removing oil pan (upper) on vehicle.

When oil pan (upper) needs to be removed or installed, or when rear timing chain case is removed or
installed, remove oil pans (upper and lower) first. Then remove front timing chain case, timing chain
related parts, and rear timing chain case in this order, and install in reverse order of removal. Refer to EM-
63, "TIMING CHAIN" .

Refer to EM-63, "TIMING CHAIN" for component parts location.
REMOVAL
1. Place vehicle onto lift.
2. Disconnect negative battery terminal.
3. Remove engine cover with power tool. Refer to EM-19, "
INTAKE MANIFOLD COLLECTOR" .
4. Remove air cleaner case assembly. Refer to EM-17, "
AIR CLEANER AND AIR DUCT" .
5. Remove front and rear engine undercover with power tool.
6. Drain engine coolant from radiator. Refer to CO-11, "
Changing Engine Coolant" .
7. Drain engine oil from oil pan. Refer to LU-9, "
Changing Engine Oil" .
8. Remove engine harnesses.
9. Remove intake manifold collectors (upper and lower) with power tool. Refer to EM-19, "
INTAKE MANI-
FOLD COLLECTOR" .
10. Remove power steering oil pump from bracket with piping connected, and temporarily secure it aside.
Refer to PS-31, "
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP" .
11. Remove power steering oil pump bracket. Refer to PS-31, "
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP" .
12. Remove alternator. Refer to SC-23, "
CHARGING SYSTEM" .
13. Remove water bypass hose, water hose clamp and idler pulley bracket and alternator and power steering
oil pump and A/C compressor belt tensioner from front timing chain case.
14. Remove right and left intake valve timing control covers with
power tool.

Loosen bolts in reverse order as shown in the figure.

U s e s e a l c u t t e r [ S S T: K V 1 0 1111 0 0 ( J - 3 7 2 2 8 ) ] o r a n e q u i v a l e n t
tool to cut liquid gasket for removal.
CAUTION:
Shaft is internally jointed with intake camshaft sprocket
center hole. When removing, keep it horizontal until it is
completely disconnected.
15. Remove collared O-rings from front timing chain case (left and
right side).
16. Remove right and left rocker covers. Refer to EM-51, "
ROCKER COVER" .
NOTE:
When secondary timing chain is not removed/installed, this step is not required.
SEM728G
PBIC2045E

EM-64
[VQ35DE]
TIMING CHAIN
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
NOTE:

This section describes procedures for removing/installing front timing chain case and timing chain related
parts, and rear timing chain case, when oil pan (upper) needs to be removed/installed for engine overhaul,
etc.

To remove/install front timing chain case, timing chain, and its related parts without removing oil pan
(upper), refer to EM-54, "
FRONT TIMING CHAIN CASE" .
REMOVAL
1. Place vehicle onto lift.
2. Remove front tire.
3. Disconnect negative battery terminal.
4. Remove engine cover with power tool. Refer to EM-19, "
INTAKE MANIFOLD COLLECTOR" .
5. Remove air cleaner case assembly. Refer to EM-17, "
AIR CLEANER AND AIR DUCT" .
6. Remove front and rear engine undercover with power tool.
7. Drain engine coolant from radiator. Refer to CO-11, "
Changing Engine Coolant" .
8. Drain engine oil from oil pan. Refer to LU-9, "
Changing Engine Oil" .
9. Remove engine harnesses.
10. Remove intake manifold collectors (upper and lower) with power tool. Refer to EM-19, "
INTAKE MANI-
FOLD COLLECTOR" .
11. Remove radiator cooling fan assembly. Refer to CO-21, "
COOLING FAN" .
12. Remove A/C compressor from bracket with piping connected, and temporarily secure it aside. Refer to
ATC-139, "
Components" .
13. Remove power steering oil pump from bracket with piping connected, and temporarily secure it aside.
Refer to PS-31, "
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP" .
14. Remove power steering oil pump bracket. Refer to PS-31, "
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP" .
15. Remove alternator. Refer to SC-23, "
CHARGING SYSTEM" .
16. Remove water bypass hose, water hose clamp and idler pulley bracket from front timing chain case.
17. Remove right and left intake valve timing control covers with
power tool.

Loosen bolts in reverse order as shown in the figure.

U s e s e a l c u t t e r [ S S T: K V 1 0 1111 0 0 ( J - 3 7 2 2 8 ) ] o r a n e q u i v a l e n t
tool to cut liquid gasket for removal.
CAUTION:
Shaft is internally jointed with intake camshaft sprocket
center hole. When removing, keep it horizontal until it is
completely disconnected.
1. Timing chain tensioner (secondary) 2. Internal chain guide 3. Timing chain tensioner (secondary)
4. Camshaft sprocket (EXH) 5. Timing chain (secondary) 6. Timing chain (primary)
7. Camshaft sprocket (INT) 8. Camshaft sprocket (EXH) 9. Timing chain (secondary)
10. Camshaft sprocket (INT) 11. Slack guide 12. Crankshaft sprocket
13. Timing chain tensioner (primary) 14. Intake valve timing control cover 15. Collared O-ring
16. O-ring 17. Chain tensioner cover 18. Intake valve timing control cover
19. Water hose clamp 20. Idler pulley bracket 21. Idler pulley
22. Crankshaft pulley 23. Front oil seal 24. Idler pulley
25. A/C compressor bracket 26. Water pump cover 27. Bracket
28. Front timing chain case 29. Bracket 30. Rear timing chain case
31. O-ring 32. Tension guide 33. Water drain plug (front side)
SEM728G

EM-98
[VQ35DE]
CYLINDER HEAD
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
CYLINDER HEADPFP:11041
On-Vehicle ServiceABS004X7
CHECKING COMPRESSION PRESSURE
1. Warm up engine thoroughly. Then, stop it.
2. Release fuel pressure. Refer to EC-51, "
FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE" .
3. Disconnect fuel pump fuse to avoid fuel injection during mea-
surement.
4. Remove engine cover with power tool. Refer to EM-19, "
INTAKE MANIFOLD COLLECTOR" .
5. Remove ignition coil and spark plug from each cylinder. Refer to EM-42, "
IGNITION COIL" and EM-43,
"SPARK PLUG (PLATINUM-TIPPED TYPE)" .
6. Connect engine tachometer (not required in use of CONSULT-ll).
7. Install compression gauge with compression gauge adapter
(commercial service tool) onto spark plug hole.

Use compression gauge adapter whose picking up end
inserted to spark plug hole is smaller than 20 mm (0.79 in) in
diameter. Otherwise, it may be caught by cylinder head during
removal.
8. With accelerator pedal fully depressed, turn ignition switch to
“START” for cranking. When gauge pointer stabilizes, read the
compression pressure and engine rpm. Perform these steps to
check each cylinder.
Compression pressure:
Unit: kPa (kg/cm2 , psi) /rpm
CAUTION:
Always use a fully changed battery to obtain specified engine speed.

If engine speed is out of specified range, check battery liquid for proper gravity. Check engine speed
again with normal battery gravity.
SBIA0466E
PBIC0900E
SBIA0533E
Standard Minimum Deference limit between cylinders
1,275 (13.0, 185) / 300 981 (10.0, 142) / 300 98 (1.0, 14) / 300

ENGINE ASSEMBLY
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Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
REMOVAL
Outline
At first, remove engine and transmission assembly with suspension member downward. Then separate
engine from transmission.
Preparation
1. Release fuel pressure. Refer to EC-51, "FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE" .
2. Disconnect both battery terminals.
3. Remove engine cover (Refer to EM-19, "
INTAKE MANIFOLD COLLECTOR" ), battery cover and LH/RH
sides front tire.
4. Remove front and rear engine undercover and front cross bar with power tool.
5. Drain engine coolant from radiator drain plug. Refer to CO-11, "
Changing Engine Coolant" .
6. Remove cowl top cover RH. Refer to EI-24, "
COWL TOP" .
7. Remove air duct and air cleaner case assembly. Refer to EM-17, "
AIR CLEANER AND AIR DUCT" .
8. Remove radiator upper and lower hoses. Refer to CO-14, "
RADIATOR" .
Engine Room
1. Disconnect heater hose from vehicle-side, and fit a plug onto hose end to prevent engine coolant leak.
2. Disconnect grounding wire (between vehicle to left bank cylinder head).
3. Disconnect battery positive cable at vehicle side and temporarily fasten it on engine.
4. Disconnect engine room harness connectors shown in the fig-
ure.
5. Disconnect A/C piping from A/C compressor, and temporarily fasten it on vehicle with a rope.
6. Disconnect two body ground cables.
7. Disconnect brake booster vacuum hose.
8. Disconnect fuel feed hose and EVAP hose.
CAUTION:
Fit plugs onto disconnected hoses to prevent fuel leak.
9. Remove power steering oil pump reservoir tank and piping from vehicle, and temporarily secure them on
engine. Refer to PS-31, "
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP" .
CAUTION:
When temporarily securing, keep them upright to avoid a fluid leak.
Passenger Room Side
1. Follow procedure below to disconnect engine room harness connectors at passenger room side, and tem-
porarily secure them on engine.
SBIA0472E

EM-116
[VQ35DE]
ENGINE ASSEMBLY
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
Preparation
1. Release fuel pressure. Refer to EC-51, "FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE" .
2. Disconnect both battery terminals.
3. Remove engine cover (Refer to EM-19, "
INTAKE MANIFOLD COLLECTOR" ), battery cover and LH/RH
sides front tire.
4. Remove front and rear engine undercover and front cross bar with power tool.
5. Drain engine coolant from radiator drain plug. Refer to CO-11, "
Changing Engine Coolant" .
6. Remove cowl top cover RH. Refer to EI-24, "
COWL TOP" .
7. Remove air duct and air cleaner case assembly. Refer to EM-17, "
AIR CLEANER AND AIR DUCT" .
8. Remove radiator upper and lower hoses. Refer to CO-14, "
RADIATOR" .
Engine Room
1. Disconnect heater hose from vehicle-side, and fit a plug onto hose end to prevent engine coolant leak.
2. Disconnect grounding wire (between vehicle to left bank cylinder head).
3. Disconnect battery positive cable at vehicle side and temporarily fasten it on engine.
4. Disconnect engine room harness connectors shown in the fig-
ure.
5. Disconnect A/C piping from A/C compressor, and temporarily fasten it on vehicle with a rope.
6. Disconnect two body ground cables.
7. Disconnect brake booster vacuum hose.
8. Disconnect fuel feed hose and EVAP hose.
CAUTION:
Fit plugs onto disconnected hoses to prevent fuel leak.
9. Remove power steering oil pump reservoir tank and piping from vehicle, and temporarily secure them on
engine. Refer to PS-31, "
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP" .
CAUTION:
When temporarily securing, keep them upright to avoid a fluid leak.
Passenger Room Side
1. Follow procedure below to disconnect engine room harness connectors at passenger room side, and tem-
porarily secure them on engine.
a. Remove passenger-side kicking plate, dash side finisher, and
glove box. Refer to EI-37, "
BODY SIDE TRIM" and IP-10,
"INSTRUMENT PANEL ASSEMBLY" .
b. Disconnect engine room harness connectors at unit sides ECM
and other.
c. Disengage intermediate fixing point. Pull out engine room har-
nesses to engine room side, and temporarily secure them on
engine.
CAUTION:

When pulling out harnesses, take care not to damage
harnesses and connectors.

After temporarily securing, cover connectors with vinyl or similar material to protect against for-
eign material adhesion.
SBIA0472E
SBIA0473E

PRECAUTIONS
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Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
[VK45DE]PRECAUTIONSPFP:00001
Precautions Necessary for Steering Wheel Rotation After Battery DisconnectABS00DAO
NOTE:

This Procedure is applied only to models with Intelligent Key system and NVIS/IVIS (NISSAN/INFINITI
VEHICLE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM - NATS).

Remove and install all control units after disconnecting both battery cables with the ignition knob in the
″LOCK″ position.

Always use CONSULT-II to perform self-diagnosis as a part of each function inspection after finishing
work. If DTC is detected, perform trouble diagnosis according to self-diagnostic results.
For models equipped with the Intelligent Key system and NVIS/IVIS, an electrically controlled steering lock
mechanism is adopted on the key cylinder.
For this reason, if the battery is disconnected or if the battery is discharged, the steering wheel will lock and
steering wheel rotation will become impossible.
If steering wheel rotation is required when battery power is interrupted, follow the procedure below before
starting the repair operation.
OPERATION PROCEDURE
1. Connect both battery cables.
NOTE:
Supply power using jumper cables if battery is discharged.
2. Use the Intelligent Key or mechanical key to turn the ignition switch to the ″ACC″ position. At this time, the
steering lock will be released.
3. Disconnect both battery cables. The steering lock will remain released and the steering wheel can be
rotated.
4. Perform the necessary repair operation.
5. When the repair work is completed, return the ignition switch to the ″LOCK″ position before connecting
the battery cables. (At this time, the steering lock mechanism will engage.)
6. Perform a self-diagnosis check of all control units using CONSULT-II.
Precautions for Drain Engine CoolantABS006HV
Drain engine coolant when engine is cooled.
Precautions for Disconnecting Fuel PipingABS006HW

Before starting work, make sure no fire or spark producing items are in the work area.

Release fuel pressure before disconnecting and disassembly.

After disconnecting pipes, plug openings to stop fuel leakage.
Precautions for Removal and DisassemblyABS006HX

When instructed to use special service tools, use specified tools. Always be careful to work safely, avoid
forceful or uninstructed operations.

Exercise maximum care to avoid damage to mating or sliding surfaces.

Cover openings of engine system with tape or the equivalent, if necessary, to seal out foreign materials.

Mark and arrange disassembly parts in an organized way for easy troubleshooting and assembly.

When loosening nuts and bolts, as a basic rule, start with the one furthest outside, then the one diagonally
opposite, and so on. If the order of loosening is specified, do exactly as specified. Power tools may be
used where noted in the step.
Precautions for Inspection, Repair and ReplacementABS006HY
Before repairing or replacing, thoroughly inspect parts. Inspect new replacement parts in the same way, and
replace if necessary.
Precautions for Assembly and InstallationABS006HZ

Use torque wrench to tighten bolts or nuts to specification.

EM-168
[VK45DE]
ENGINE ROOM COVER
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
ENGINE ROOM COVERPFP:14049
Removal and InstallationABS006I6
REMOVAL
CAUTION:
Do not damage or scratch cover when installing or removing.

Major parts and inspection points under each cover are as follows; (numbered as in the figure)
INSTALLATION
Install in the reverse order of removal.
1. Engine cover 2. Battery cover 3. Air duct (inlet)
PBIC1540E
1 : Upper side of engine assembly and power steering reservoir tank
2 : Relay and battery
3 : Engine assembly front side, drive belts and cooling fan