check engine INFINITI QX56 2006 Factory Service Manual

BRC-8
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Revision: November 20092006 QX56
ABS FunctionEFS004XC

The Anti-Lock Brake System detects wheel revolution while braking and improves handling stability during
sudden braking by electrically preventing wheel lockup. Maneuverability is also improved for avoiding
obstacles.

If the electrical system malfunctions, the Fail-Safe function is activated, the ABS becomes inoperative and
the ABS warning lamp turns on.

The electrical system can be diagnosed using CONSULT-II.

During ABS operation, the brake pedal may vibrate lightly and a mechanical noise may be heard. This is
normal.

Just after starting the vehicle, the brake pedal may vibrate or a motor operating noise may be heard from
engine compartment. This is a normal status of operation check.

Stopping distance may be longer than that of vehicles without ABS when vehicle drives on rough, gravel,
or snow-covered (fresh, deep snow) roads.
EBD FunctionEFS004XD

Electronic Brake Distribution is a function that detects subtle slippages between the front and rear wheels
during braking, and it improves handling stability by electronically controlling the brake fluid pressure
which results in reduced rear wheel slippage.

If the electrical system malfunctions, the Fail-Safe function is activated, the EBD and ABS become inoper-
ative, and the ABS warning lamp and BRAKE warning lamp are turned on.

The electrical system can be diagnosed using CONSULT-II.

During EBD operation, the brake pedal may vibrate lightly and a mechanical noise may be heard. This is
normal.

Just after starting the vehicle, the brake pedal may vibrate or a motor operating noise may be heard from
engine compartment. This is a normal status of operation check.
TCS FunctionEFS004XE

Spinning of the drive wheels is detected by the ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) using inputs
from the wheel speed sensors. If wheel spin occurs, the drive wheel right and left brake fluid pressure
control and engine fuel cut are activated while the throttle value is restricted to reduce the engine torque
and decrease the amount of wheel spin. In addition, the throttle opening is controlled to achieve the opti-
mum engine torque.

Depending on road condition, the vehicle may have a sluggish feel. This is normal, because optimum trac-
tion has the highest priority during TCS operation.

TCS may be activated during sudden vehicle acceleration, wide open throttle acceleration, sudden trans-
mission shifts or when the vehicle is driven on a road with a varying surface friction coefficient.

The SLIP indicator lamp flashes to inform the driver of TCS operation.
VDC FunctionEFS004XF

In addition to the ABS/TCS function, the driver steering amount and brake operation amount are detected
from the steering angle sensor and front and rear pressure sensors, and the vehicle's driving status
(amount of under steering/over steering) is determined using inputs from the yaw rate sensor/side G sen-
sor, wheel speed sensors, etc. and this information is used to improve vehicle stability by controlling the
braking and engine torque application to the wheels.

The SLIP indicator lamp flashes to inform the driver of VDC operation.

During VDC operation, the vehicle body and brake pedal may vibrate lightly and a mechanical noise may
be heard. This is normal.

The ABS warning lamp, VDC OFF indicator lamp and SLIP indicator lamp may turn on when the vehicle is
subject to strong shaking or large vibration, such as when the vehicle is on a turn table or a ship while the
engine is running or on a steep slope. In this case, restart the engine on a normal road and if the ABS
warning lamp, VDC OFF indicator lamp and SLIP indicator lamp turn off, there is no problem.
Fail-Safe FunctionEFS004XG
CAUTION:
If the Fail-Safe function is activated, perform the Self Diagnosis for ABS/TCS/VDC system.

TROUBLE DIAGNOSISBRC-23
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
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BRC
Revision: November 2009 2006 QX56
Basic InspectionEFS004XN
BRAKE FLUID LEVEL, FLUID LEAK, AND BRAKE PAD INSPECTION
1. Check fluid level in the brake fluid reservoir. If fluid level is low, add fluid.
2. Check the brake piping and around the ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) for leaks. If there is
leaking or seeping fluid, check the following items.

If ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) connection is loose, tighten the piping to the specified
torque and recheck for leaks.

If there is damage to the connection flare nut or ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) threads,
replace the damaged part and recheck for leaks.

When there is fluid leaking or seeping from a fluid connection, use a clean cloth to wipe off the fluid and
recheck for leaks. If fluid is still seeping out, replace the damaged part. If the fluid is leaking at the ABS
actuator and electric unit (control unit), replace the ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) assem-
bly.
CAUTION:
The ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) cannot be disassembled and must be replaced
as an assembly.
3. Check the brake pads for excessive wear.
POWER SYSTEM TERMINAL LOOSENESS AND BATTERY INSPECTION
Make sure the battery positive cable, negative cable and ground connection are not loose. In addition, make
sure the battery is sufficiently charged.
ABS WARNING LAMP, SLIP INDICATOR LAMP AND VDC OFF INDICATOR LAMP INSPECTION
1. Make sure ABS warning lamp, SLIP indicator lamp and VDC OFF indicator lamp (when VDC OFF switch is off), turn on for approximately 2 seconds when the ignition switch is turned ON. If they do not, check the
VDC OFF indicator lamp and the VDC OFF switch. Refer to BRC-56, "
VDC OFF SWITCH" . Check CAN
communications. If there are no errors with the VDC OFF switch or CAN communication system, check
combination meter. Refer to DI-5, "
COMBINATION METERS" .
2. Make sure the lamps turn off approximately 2 seconds after the ignition switch is turned ON. If the lamp does not turn off, conduct self-diagnosis.
3. With the engine running, make sure the VDC OFF indicator lamp turns on and off when the VDC OFF switch is turned on and off. If the indicator lamp status does not correspond to switch operation, check the
VDC OFF switch. Refer to BRC-56, "
VDC OFF SWITCH" .
4. Make sure ABS warning lamp, SLIP indicator lamp and VDC OFF indicator lamp turn off approximately 2 seconds after the engine is started. If ABS warning lamp, SLIP indicator lamp or VDC OFF indicator lamp
have not turned off 10 seconds after the engine has been started, conduct self-diagnosis of the ABS actu-
ator and electric unit (control unit).
5. After conducting the self-diagnosis, be sure to erase the error memory. Refer to BRC-28, "
CONSULT-II
Function (ABS)" .

BRC-24
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
Revision: November 20092006 QX56
Warning Lamp and Indicator TimingEFS004XO
X: ON
—: OFF
Control Unit Input/Output Signal StandardEFS004XP
REFERENCE VALUE FROM CONSULT-II
CAUTION:
The display shows the control unit calculation data, so a normal value might be displayed even in the
event the output circuit (harness) is open or short circuited.
ConditionABS
warning lamp VDC OFF
indicator lamp SLIP
indicator lamp Remarks
When the ignition switch is OFF ——— —
After the ignition switch is turned
ON for approx. 1 second ×××
—
After the ignition switch is turned
ON for approx. 2 seconds ——— —
When the VDC OFF switch is
pressed (VDC function OFF) —
×——
ABS/TCS/VDC malfunction ×××
—
×× —When the ABS actuator and elec-
tric unit (control unit) is malfunc-
tioning (power supply or ground
malfunction).
When the VDC is malfunctioning —×× —
Monitor itemDisplay content Data monitor
Note: Error inspection
checklist
Condition Reference value in
normal operation
N POSI SIG PNP switch signal ON/
OFF conditionA/T shift position = N position ON
BRC-54, "
CAN Commu-
nication System Inspec-
tion"A/T shift position = other than
N positionsOFF
P POSI SIG PNP switch signal ON/
OFF conditionA/T shift position P position ON
BRC-54, "
CAN Commu-
nication System Inspec-
tion"A/T shift position = other than
P positionsOFF
GEAR A/T gear position 1st gear
1
—
2nd gear
2
3rd gear 3
4th gear 4
5th gear 5
FR RH SENSOR
FR LH SENSOR
RR RH SENSOR
RR LH SENSOR Wheel speedVehicle stopped
0 [km/h (MPH)]
BRC-38, "
Wheel Sensor
System Inspection"Vehicle running (Note 1) Almost in accor-
dance with speed-
ometer display
(within
±10%)
ACCEL POS SIG Open/close condition
of throttle valve (linked
with accelerator pedal).Accelerator pedal not
depressed (ignition switch is
ON)
0%
BRC-54, "
CAN Commu-
nication System Inspec-
tion"Depress accelerator pedal
(ignition switch is ON) 0 to 100%
ENGINE SPEED With engine running With engine stopped
0 rpm
BRC-39, "
Engine System
Inspection"Engine running Almost in accor-
dance with
tachometer display

TROUBLE DIAGNOSISBRC-25
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
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Revision: November 2009 2006 QX56
STR ANGLE SIGSteering angle
detected by steering
angle sensorStraight-ahead
Approx. 0 deg
BRC-40, "Steering Angle
Sensor System"Steering wheel turned –756 to 756 deg
YAW RATE SEN Yaw rate detected by
yaw rate sensorVehicle stopped Approx. 0 d/s
BRC-41, "
Yaw Rate/Side/
Decel G Sensor System
Inspection"Vehicle running–100 to 100 d/s
SIDE G-SENSOR Transverse G detected
by side G-sensorVehicle stopped
Approx. 0 m/s
2BRC-41, "Yaw Rate/Side/
Decel G Sensor System
Inspection"Vehicle running–16.7 to 16.7 m/s2
BATTERY VOLT Battery voltage sup-
plied to ABS actuator
and electric unit (con-
trol unit)Ignition switch ON
10 to 16VBRC-46, "
ABS/TCS/VDC
Control Unit Power and
Ground Systems Inspec-
tion"
STOP LAMP SW
Stop lamp switch oper-
ationBrake pedal depressed ON
BRC-45, "
Stop Lamp
Switch System Inspec-
tion"Brake pedal not depressed OFF
OFF SW VDC OFF switch
ON/OFF status VDC OFF switch ON
(When VDC OFF indicator
lamp is ON)
ON
BRC-56, "
VDC OFF
SWITCH"VDC OFF switch OFF
(When VDC OFF indicator
lamp is OFF) OFF
ABS WARN LAMP ABS warning lamp ON
condition (Note 2)ABS warning lamp ON ON
—
ABS warning lamp OFF OFF
MOTOR RELAY Operation status of
motor and motor relayIgnition switch ON or running
(ABS not activated)
OFF
BRC-44, "
Actuator Motor,
Motor Relay, and Circuit
Inspection"Ignition switch ON or engine
running (ABS activated) ON
ACTUATOR RLY Actuator relay opera-
tion statusVehicle stopped (Ignition
switch ON)
OFF
BRC-44, "
Actuator Motor,
Motor Relay, and Circuit
Inspection"Vehicle stopped (Engine run-
ning) ON
OFF LAMP VDC OFF indicator
lamp status (Note 3) When VDC OFF indicator
lamp is ON
ON
BRC-54, "
CAN Commu-
nication System Inspec-
tion"When VDC OFF indicator
lamp is OFF OFF
SLIP LAMP SLIP indicator lamp
status (Note 4)When SLIP indicator lamp is
ON
ON
BRC-54, "
CAN Commu-
nication System Inspec-
tion"When SLIP indicator lamp is
OFF OFF
Monitor item
Display content Data monitor
Note: Error inspection
checklist
Condition Reference value in
normal operation

TROUBLE DIAGNOSISBRC-29
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
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Revision: November 2009 2006 QX56
6. Select the required diagnostic location from the “SELECT DIAG
MODE ” screen.
For further information, see the CONSULT-II Operation Manual.
SELF-DIAGNOSIS
Description
If an error is detected in the system, the ABS warning lamp will turn on. In this case, perform self-diagnosis as
follows:
Operation Procedure
1. Turn ignition switch OFF.
2. Connect CONSULT-II and CONSULT-II CONVERTER to the data link connector.
CAUTION:
If CONSULT-II is used with no connection of CONSULT-II CONVERTER, malfunctions might be
detected in self-diagnosis depending on control unit which carries out CAN communication.
3. Turn ignition switch ON.
4. Start engine and drive at approximately 30 km/h (19 MPH) or more for approximately 1 minute.
5. After stopping the vehicle, with the engine running, touch “START (NISSAN BASED VHCL)”, “ABS ”,
“SELF-DIAG RESULTS ” in order on the CONSULT-II screen.
CAUTION:
If “START (NISSAN BASED VHCL)” is touched immediately after starting the engine or turning on
the ignition switch, “ABS” might not be displayed in the SELECT SYSTEM screen. In this case,
repeat the operation from step 1.
6. The self-diagnostic results are displayed. (If necessary, the self-diagnostic results can be printed out by touching “PRINT”.)

When “NO DTC IS DETECTED ” is displayed, check the ABS warning lamp, SLIP indicator lamp and
VDC OFF indicator lamp.
7. Conduct the appropriate inspection from the display item list, and repair or replace the malfunctioning component.
8. Start engine and drive at approximately 30 km/h (19 MPH) or more for approximately 1 minute. CAUTION:

When a wheel sensor “short-circuit” is detected, if the vehicle is not driven at 30 km/h (19 MPH)
for at least 1 minute, the ABS warning lamp will not turn off even if the malfunction is repaired.
9. Turn ignition switch OFF to prepare for erasing the memory.
10. Start the engine and touch “START (NISSAN BASED VHCL)”, “ABS”, “SELF-DIAG RESULTS”, “ERASE”
in order on the CONSULT-II screen to erase the error memory.
If “ABS” is not indicated, go to GI-40, "
CONSULT-II Data Link Connector (DLC) Circuit" .
CAUTION:
If the error memory is not erased, re-conduct the operation from step 5.
11. For the final inspection, drive at approximately 30 km/h (19 MPH) or more for approximately 1 minute and confirm that the ABS warning lamp, SLIP indicator lamp, and VDC OFF indicator lamp are off.
BCIA0031E

BRC-32
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
Revision: November 20092006 QX56
Note 1. If wheel sensor 2 for each wheel is indicated, check ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) power
supply voltage in addition to wheel sensor circuit check.
Note 2. If multiple malfunctions are detected including CAN communication line [U1000], perform diagnosis for
CAN communication line first.
DATA MONITOR
Operation Procedure
1. After turning OFF the ignition switch, connect CONSULT-II and the CONSULT-II CONVERTER to the data
link connector.
CAUTION:
If CONSULT-II is used with no connection of CONSULT-II CONVERTER, malfunctions might be
detected in self-diagnosis depending on control unit which carries out CAN communication.
2. Touch “START (NISSAN BASED VHCL) ”, “ABS”, “DATA MONITOR ” in order on the CONSULT-II screen.
If “ABS” is not indicated, go to GI-40, "
CONSULT-II Data Link Connector (DLC) Circuit" .
BR FLUID LEVEL LOW
[C1155] Brake fluid level drops or circuit between ABS actuator and elec-
tric unit (control unit) and brake fluid level switch is open or
shorted. BRC-47, "Brake Fluid
Level Switch System
Inspection"
ENGINE SIGNAL 1
[C1130]
Based on the signal from ECM, ABS actuator and electric unit
(control unit) judges that engine fuel cut system is malfunction-
ing.
BRC-39, "
Engine Sys-
tem Inspection"
ENGINE SIGNAL 2
[C1131]Based on the signal from ECM, ABS actuator and electric unit
(control unit) judges that engine fuel cut system is malfunction-
ing.
ENGINE SIGNAL 3
[C1132] Based on the signal from ECM, ABS actuator and electric unit
(control unit) judges that engine fuel cut system is malfunction-
ing.
ENGINE SIGNAL 4
[C1133] Based on the signal from ECM, ABS actuator and electric unit
(control unit) judges that engine fuel cut system is malfunction-
ing.
ENGINE SIGNAL 6
[C1136] Based on the signal from ECM, ABS actuator and electric unit
(control unit) judges that engine fuel cut system is malfunction-
ing.
ACTUATOR RLY
[C1140] ABS actuator relay or circuit malfunction. BRC-44, "
Actuator
Motor, Motor Relay, and
Circuit Inspection"
PRESS SEN CIRCUIT
[C1142]
ABS pressure sensor circuit malfunction.
BRC-51, "Pressure Sen-
sor System Inspection"
VARIANT CODING
[C1170]V coding is not malfunctioning. BRC-40, "ABS/TCS/
VDC Control Unit
Inspection"
ABS ACTIVE BOOSTER SV NG
[C1178]Active booster solenoid is malfunctioning, or signal line of active
booster servo is open or shorted. BRC-48, "Active Booster
System Inspection"
ABS DELTA S SEN NG
[C1179]Delta stroke sensor malfunctioning, or signal line of delta stroke
sensor is open or shorted. BRC-49, "Delta Stroke
Sensor System Inspec-
tion"
ABS ACTIVE BOOSTER
RESPONSE NG
[C1181]Active booster response is malfunctioning, or signal line of active
booster response is open or shorted.
BRC-48, "Active Booster
System Inspection"
ABS BRAKE RELEASE SW NG
[C1184]Brake release switch is malfunctioning, or signal line of brake
release switch is open or shorted. BRC-48, "Active Booster
System Inspection"
ABS ACC CU INTERNAL NG
[C1185]
ICC control unit internal malfunction.
BRC-54, "ICC System
Inspection"
ABS BRAKE BOOSTER DEFECT
[C1189]Brake booster is defective or malfunctioning. BRC-48, "Active Booster
System Inspection"
Self-diagnostic item
Malfunction detecting condition Check system

TROUBLE DIAGNOSISBRC-37
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
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Revision: November 2009 2006 QX56
ABS Motor
Touch “ON” and “OFF ” on the screen. Check that ABS motor relay
operates as shown in table below.
NOTE:

If active test is performed with brake pedal depressed, pedal
stroke may change. This is normal.

“TEST IS STOPPED ” is displayed approximately 10 seconds
after operation starts.
Booster Drive
CAUTION:
Perform active test subject to the conditions below.

Do not operate brake pedal during active test.

Make sure the engine revolution is over 500 rpm.

Make sure the vehicle is not moving.
Touch "UP" and "DOWN" on the screen. Check that booster drive
operates as shown in table below.
NOTE:
"TEST IS STOPPED" is displayed approximately 10 seconds after operation starts.
Operation ONOFF
ABS actuator relay ONON
ABS motor relay ONOFF
SFIA0593E
Operation UPDOWN
STOP LAMP SW ONOFF
BST OPER SIG ONOFF
PRESS SENSOR 50 ± 5 bar 0 bar
PRESS SEN 2 50 ± 5 bar 0 bar
STP OFF RLY OFFOFF
WFIA0350E

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR SELF-DIAGNOSTIC ITEMSBRC-39
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
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Revision: November 2009 2006 QX56
6. CHECK WIRING HARNESS FOR OPEN CIRCUIT
1. Check continuity between ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) harness connector E125 and the malfunctioning wheel sensor harness connector E18, E117, C10, or C11.
OK or NG
OK >> Replace the ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit). Refer to BRC-66, "Removal and Installa-
tion" .
NG >> Repair the circuit.
Engine System InspectionEFS004XS
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
1. SELF-DIAGNOSIS RESULT CHECK
Check self-diagnosis results.
Is the above displayed in the self-diagnosis display items?
YES >> GO TO 2.
NO >> Inspection End.
2. ENGINE SYSTEM INSPECTION
1. Perform ECM self-diagnosis and repair as necessary. Refer to EC-118, "
SELF-DIAG RESULTS MODE" .
2. Perform ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) self-diagnosis again.
OK or NG
OK >> Inspection End.
NG >> Repair or replace as necessary.
Wheel sensor ABS actuator and
electric unit (control unit) Wheel sensor
Continuity
Connector Terminal Connector Terminal
Front LH
E12545
E18 1
Ye s
46
2
Front RH 34
E117 1
33 2
Rear LH 37
C11 2
36 1
Rear RH 42
C10 2
43 1
Continuity should exist.
Self-diagnosis results
ENGINE SIGNAL 1
ENGINE SIGNAL 2
ENGINE SIGNAL 3
ENGINE SIGNAL 4
ENGINE SIGNAL 6

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR SELF-DIAGNOSTIC ITEMSBRC-41
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
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Revision: November 2009 2006 QX56
4. CHECK DATA MONITOR
1. Connect steering angle sensor and ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) connectors.
2. Use “DATA MONITOR ” to check if the status of "STR ANGLE SIG" is normal.
OK or NG
OK >> Perform ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) self-diagnosis again.
NG >> Replace spiral cable (steering angle sensor) and adjust neutral position of steering angle sensor. Refer to BRC-62, "
Adjustment of Steering Angle Sensor Neutral Position" .
Yaw Rate/Side/Decel G Sensor System InspectionEFS004XV
CAUTION:
Sudden turns (such as spin turns, acceleration turns), drifting, etc. when VDC function is OFF may
cause the yaw rate/side/decel G sensor system to indicate a problem. This is not a problem if normal
operation can be resumed after restarting the engine.
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
1. SELF-DIAGNOSIS RESULT CHECK
Check self-diagnosis results.
CAUTION:
If vehicle is on turn table at entrance to parking garage, or on other moving surface, VDC OFF indica-
tor lamp may illuminate and CONSULT-II self-diagnosis may indicate yaw rate sensor system malfunc-
tion. However, in this case there is no malfunction in yaw rate sensor system. Take vehicle off of turn
table or other moving surface, and start engine. Results will return to normal.
Is the above displayed in the self-diagnosis display items?
YES >> GO TO 2.
NO >> Inspection End.
2. CONNECTOR INSPECTION
Disconnect the ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) connector E125 and yaw rate/side/decel G sensor
connector M108.
Check the terminals for deformation, disconnection, looseness or damage.
OK or NG
OK >> GO TO 3.
NG >> Repair or replace as necessary.
Steering condition Data monitor
Straight-ahead –3.5 deg to +3.5 deg
Turn wheel to the right by 90 ° Approx. - 90deg
Turn wheel to the left by 90 ° Approx. + 90deg
Self-diagnosis results
YAW RATE SENSOR G-SENSOR
SIDE G-SEN CIRCUIT

TROUBLE DIAGNOSES FOR SYMPTOMSBRC-59
[VDC/TCS/ABS]
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Revision: November 2009 2006 QX56
Long Stopping DistanceEFS004YB
1. CHECK BASE BRAKING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
1. Disable ABS by disconnecting ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) connector.
2. Drive vehicle and check brake operation. NOTE:

Stopping distance may be longer than vehicles without ABS when road condition is slippery.

Driving the vehicle with the ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) disconnected may induce DTCs
in electrical control units using CAN communication. After the inspection, clear all DTCs. Refer to BRC-
10, "CAN COMMUNICATION" .
OK or NG
OK >> Go to BRC-57, "ABS Works Frequently" .
NG >> Perform Basic Inspection. Refer to BRC-23, "
Basic Inspection" .
ABS Does Not WorkEFS004YC
CAUTION:
The ABS does not operate when the vehicle speed is 10 km/h (6 MPH) or less.
1. CHECK WARNING LAMP ACTIVATION
Turn ignition switch ON and check for warning lamp activation.

Warning lamp should activate for approximately 2 seconds after turning the ignition switch ON.
OK or NG
OK >> Carry out self-diagnosis. Refer to BRC-29, "SELF-DIAGNOSIS" .
NG >> Go to BRC-60, "
ABS Warning Lamp Does Not Come On When Ignition Switch Is Turned On" .
Pedal Vibration or ABS Operation NoiseEFS004YD
NOTE:
During ABS activation, pedal vibration may be felt and a noise may be heard. This is normal and does not indi-
cate a malfunction.
1. CHECK SYMPTOM
1. Apply brake.
2. Start engine.
Does the symptom occur only when engine is started?
YES >> Carry out self-diagnosis. Refer to BRC-29, "SELF-DIAGNOSIS" .
NO >> GO TO 2.
2. RECHECK SYMPTOM
Does the symptom occur only when electrical equipment switches (such as headlamps) are turned on?
YES >> Check for radio, antenna or related wiring that is routed too close to the ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) and reroute as necessary.
NO >> Go to BRC-57, "
ABS Works Frequently" .